{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389028796","doi":"https://doi.org/10.54097/hset.v70i.12188","title":"A Word Difficulty Classification Research Based on K-Means Method","display_name":"A Word Difficulty Classification Research Based on K-Means Method","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389028796","doi":"https://doi.org/10.54097/hset.v70i.12188"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.54097/hset.v70i.12188","doi":"https://doi.org/10.54097/hset.v70i.12188","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.54097/hset.v70i.12188","pdf_url":"https://drpress.org/ojs/index.php/HSET/article/download/12188/11873","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387281017","display_name":"Highlights in Science Engineering and Technology","issn_l":"2791-0210","issn":["2791-0210","3080-1761"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W4389028796"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://drpress.org/ojs/index.php/HSET/article/download/12188/11873","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103238725","display_name":"Cheng\u2010Xi Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1212-3863","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1212-3863"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3923682","display_name":"Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8y2r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chengxi Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Future Science and Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China, 215200"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Future Science and Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China, 215200","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041770298","display_name":"Di Kuang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3923682","display_name":"Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8y2r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Di Kuang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China, 215100"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China, 215100","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101271357","display_name":"Keran Xu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3923682","display_name":"Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8y2r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keran Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Future Science and Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China, 215200"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Future Science and Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China, 215200","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103238725"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1791,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.50587764,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":null,"first_page":"215","last_page":"222"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13373","display_name":"Data Mining and Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9179999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13373","display_name":"Data Mining and Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9179999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.05779999867081642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10637","display_name":"Advanced Clustering Algorithms Research","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wordle","display_name":"Wordle","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-attributes","display_name":"word attributes","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/k-means-clustering","display_name":"K-means clustering","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-mechanics","display_name":"game mechanics","score":0.43299999833106995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.8162648677825928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6592761874198914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5907291769981384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5727253556251526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5507482290267944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5041476488113403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4665382206439972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019641298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625642","display_name":"Word length","level":2,"score":0.45147860050201416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.30646342039108276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1918708086013794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.062392354011535645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.54097/hset.v70i.12188","doi":"https://doi.org/10.54097/hset.v70i.12188","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.54097/hset.v70i.12188","pdf_url":"https://drpress.org/ojs/index.php/HSET/article/download/12188/11873","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387281017","display_name":"Highlights in Science Engineering and Technology","issn_l":"2791-0210","issn":["2791-0210","3080-1761"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.54097/hset.v70i.12188","doi":"https://doi.org/10.54097/hset.v70i.12188","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.54097/hset.v70i.12188","pdf_url":"https://drpress.org/ojs/index.php/HSET/article/download/12188/11873","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387281017","display_name":"Highlights in Science Engineering and Technology","issn_l":"2791-0210","issn":["2791-0210","3080-1761"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389028796.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389028796.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977556410","https://openalex.org/W2048957655","https://openalex.org/W4221149018","https://openalex.org/W4313011057","https://openalex.org/W7062469949"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391253952","https://openalex.org/W4387191764","https://openalex.org/W4393945886","https://openalex.org/W4387607399","https://openalex.org/W4380685149","https://openalex.org/W4399809478","https://openalex.org/W4404996747","https://openalex.org/W4375870017","https://openalex.org/W4382052867","https://openalex.org/W4386514687"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wordle":[0],"is":[1,79,94],"a":[2,77],"globally":[3],"popular":[4],"game":[5,14],"and":[6,65,76,87],"many":[7],"researchers":[8],"have":[9,19],"conducted":[10],"research":[11],"on":[12,25,42],"its":[13],"mechanics.":[15],"However,":[16],"few":[17],"studies":[18],"explored":[20],"the":[21,26,29,47,49,55,61,66,82,88],"influence":[22],"of":[23,28,57,84,92],"attributes":[24,51],"difficulty":[27,40,73,85],"word.":[30],"Therefore,":[31],"this":[32,104],"paper":[33],"uses":[34],"K-means":[35],"algorithm":[36],"to":[37],"classify":[38],"word":[39,44,72],"based":[41],"certain":[43],"attributes.":[45],"In":[46],"paper,":[48],"main":[50],"character":[52],"repeat":[53],"times,":[54],"presence":[56],"\"th\"":[58],"or":[59],"\"er\",":[60],"initial":[62],"letter":[63,68],"(s/c/a/t),":[64],"final":[67],"(e/y/r/t)":[69],"that":[70,103],"affect":[71],"are":[74],"selected,":[75],"comparison":[78],"made":[80],"regarding":[81],"number":[83,91],"categories,":[86],"most":[89],"appropriate":[90],"categories":[93],"three.":[95],"Finally,":[96],"it":[97],"has":[98],"been":[99],"validated":[100],"by":[101],"Spearman":[102],"method":[105],"possesses":[106],"strong":[107],"reliability.":[108]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2023-11-27T00:00:00"}