{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388979877","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceano.2023.11.001","title":"Spatiotemporal variability of wave climate in the Gulf of Riga","display_name":"Spatiotemporal variability of wave climate in the Gulf of Riga","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388979877","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceano.2023.11.001"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.oceano.2023.11.001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceano.2023.11.001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceano.2023.11.001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S176690450","display_name":"Oceanologia","issn_l":"0078-3234","issn":["0078-3234","2300-7370"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ddh","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Oceanologia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceano.2023.11.001","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027031362","display_name":"Fatemeh Najafzadeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1325-5590","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1325-5590"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111112146","display_name":"Tallinn University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0443cwa12","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fatemeh Najafzadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1325-5590","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mikolaj Z. Jankowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1098-7673","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1098-7673"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111112146","display_name":"Tallinn University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0443cwa12","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mikolaj Z. Jankowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1098-7673","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035496738","display_name":"Andrea Giudici","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4882-2559","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4882-2559"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111112146","display_name":"Tallinn University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0443cwa12","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Giudici","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4882-2559","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018970613","display_name":"Rain M\u00e4nnikus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5846-1131","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5846-1131"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111112146","display_name":"Tallinn University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0443cwa12","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rain M\u00e4nnikus","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074387047","display_name":"\u00dclo K. Suursaar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3474-8151","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3474-8151"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56085075","display_name":"University of Tartu","ror":"https://ror.org/03z77qz90","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u00dclo Suursaar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Estonia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3474-8151","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033637322","display_name":"Maija Vi\u0161ka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6559-6760","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6559-6760"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119855","display_name":"Latvian Institute of Aquatic Ecology","ror":"https://ror.org/02m6g7c72","country_code":"LV","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119855"]}],"countries":["LV"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maija Vi\u0161ka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Latvian Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Latvia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6559-6760","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Latvian Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Latvia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119855"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061428582","display_name":"Tarmo Soomere","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2900-0840","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2900-0840"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111112146","display_name":"Tallinn University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0443cwa12","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172656520","display_name":"Estonian Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01pewsd85","country_code":"EE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172656520"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tarmo Soomere","raw_affiliation_strings":["Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn, 10130, Estonia","School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2900-0840","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn, 10130, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172656520"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027031362"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3827,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88817311,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"66","issue":"1","first_page":"56","last_page":"77"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10647","display_name":"Coastal and Marine Dynamics","score":0.004100000020116568,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wave-climate","display_name":"wave climate","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gulf-of-riga","display_name":"Gulf of Riga","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatiotemporal-variation","display_name":"spatiotemporal variation","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/significant-wave-height","display_name":"significant wave height","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wave-period","display_name":"wave period","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interannual-variability","display_name":"interannual variability","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-term-trends","display_name":"long-term trends","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swan-model","display_name":"SWAN wave model","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/era5-forcing","display_name":"ERA5 forcing","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baltic-sea","display_name":"Baltic Sea","score":0.7419999837875366}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986433049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q545","display_name":"Baltic sea","level":2,"score":0.6131412982940674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.6127727627754211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131918245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1409090","display_name":"Fetch","level":2,"score":0.5909380316734314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.5751056671142578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123588078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34763","display_name":"Peninsula","level":2,"score":0.5714403390884399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85910571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2674049","display_name":"Significant wave height","level":3,"score":0.5182014107704163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70620910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q821563","display_name":"Wave height","level":2,"score":0.5003528594970703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109007969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749565","display_name":"Structural basin","level":2,"score":0.4786199927330017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.43175193667411804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161067210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1464943","display_name":"Wind speed","level":2,"score":0.4146574139595032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165082838","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165848","display_name":"Wind wave","level":2,"score":0.36429572105407715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.21560481190681458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.1030954122543335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.oceano.2023.11.001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceano.2023.11.001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceano.2023.11.001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S176690450","display_name":"Oceanologia","issn_l":"0078-3234","issn":["0078-3234","2300-7370"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ddh","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Oceanologia","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.oceano.2023.11.001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceano.2023.11.001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceano.2023.11.001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S176690450","display_name":"Oceanologia","issn_l":"0078-3234","issn":["0078-3234","2300-7370"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ddh","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Oceanologia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.821399986743927}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":80,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W341018141","https://openalex.org/W604753100","https://openalex.org/W1485446944","https://openalex.org/W1963858213","https://openalex.org/W1966618070","https://openalex.org/W1971926218","https://openalex.org/W1976163787","https://openalex.org/W1976917171","https://openalex.org/W1989912955","https://openalex.org/W2000378019","https://openalex.org/W2010168582","https://openalex.org/W2020764153","https://openalex.org/W2036877915","https://openalex.org/W2038422226","https://openalex.org/W2040540326","https://openalex.org/W2041078199","https://openalex.org/W2042005022","https://openalex.org/W2042829903","https://openalex.org/W2050874490","https://openalex.org/W2056164706","https://openalex.org/W2059212436","https://openalex.org/W2081248933","https://openalex.org/W2097757623","https://openalex.org/W2099180436","https://openalex.org/W2108116391","https://openalex.org/W2109341812","https://openalex.org/W2113138320","https://openalex.org/W2113548869","https://openalex.org/W2121270069","https://openalex.org/W2129700299","https://openalex.org/W2131899330","https://openalex.org/W2138770875","https://openalex.org/W2138834906","https://openalex.org/W2153146342","https://openalex.org/W2160662093","https://openalex.org/W2170717189","https://openalex.org/W2174994571","https://openalex.org/W2183722706","https://openalex.org/W2189505689","https://openalex.org/W2193346277","https://openalex.org/W2242246336","https://openalex.org/W2243304681","https://openalex.org/W2307671077","https://openalex.org/W2325229303","https://openalex.org/W2328368470","https://openalex.org/W2331928811","https://openalex.org/W2335718552","https://openalex.org/W2401144229","https://openalex.org/W2460507808","https://openalex.org/W2466534111","https://openalex.org/W2490088228","https://openalex.org/W2507317771","https://openalex.org/W2509938614","https://openalex.org/W2605726157","https://openalex.org/W2611473946","https://openalex.org/W2903523334","https://openalex.org/W2912870717","https://openalex.org/W2917443518","https://openalex.org/W2946621988","https://openalex.org/W2950484868","https://openalex.org/W2964187266","https://openalex.org/W2989818850","https://openalex.org/W3038706621","https://openalex.org/W3047493627","https://openalex.org/W3138429650","https://openalex.org/W3216153192","https://openalex.org/W4205978105","https://openalex.org/W4250779833","https://openalex.org/W4251103652","https://openalex.org/W4256377855","https://openalex.org/W4285276870","https://openalex.org/W4304186891","https://openalex.org/W4321014812","https://openalex.org/W4380793129","https://openalex.org/W6687337794","https://openalex.org/W6713067301","https://openalex.org/W6719233031","https://openalex.org/W6724828528","https://openalex.org/W6940190825","https://openalex.org/W6963696694"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966618070","https://openalex.org/W4250779833","https://openalex.org/W1989912955","https://openalex.org/W3089448295","https://openalex.org/W4380793129","https://openalex.org/W2077748422","https://openalex.org/W7095176449","https://openalex.org/W1988533118","https://openalex.org/W4417149607","https://openalex.org/W7215088409"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Basic":[0],"properties":[1,106],"of":[2,9,47,60,65,74,84,90,123,132,140,179,203,216,232,241],"wind":[3,58,222],"wave":[4,19,27,31,135,153,172,191,204,208,245,255],"climate":[5,154],"in":[6,126,155,164,176,196,210,221,229,253],"the":[7,11,37,57,63,127,138,143,152,156,165,177,188,197,211,217,233,242,264],"Gulf":[8,64],"Riga,":[10],"Baltic":[12,39,167,198],"Sea,":[13],"are":[14,98,107,118,193,226],"evaluated":[15],"based":[16],"on":[17],"modelled":[18],"fields,":[20],"instrumentally":[21],"measured":[22],"and":[23,67,80,112,129,142,160,182,213,257],"historical":[24,133],"visually":[25],"observed":[26],"properties.":[28],"Third-generation":[29],"spectral":[30],"model":[32],"SWAN":[33],"is":[34,158,174,237],"applied":[35],"to":[36,62,81],"entire":[38],"Sea":[40],"for":[41,100,146],"1990\u20132021":[42],"with":[43,71,87,206],"a":[44,72,88],"spatial":[45,201],"resolution":[46,73,89],"3":[48],"nautical":[49],"miles":[50],"(nmi,":[51],"about":[52],"5.5":[53],"km)":[54],"forced":[55],"by":[56,109,120],"field":[59],"ERA5,":[61],"Riga":[66],"its":[68],"entrance":[69],"area":[70],"1":[75],"nmi":[76,92],"(about":[77,93],"1.85":[78],"km),":[79],"nearshore":[82],"areas":[83],"this":[85],"gulf":[86,157],"0.32":[91],"600":[94],"m).":[95],"The":[96,116,169,200],"calculations":[97],"performed":[99],"an":[101],"idealised":[102],"ice-free":[103],"climate.":[104],"Wave":[105],"represented":[108],"36":[110],"directional":[111],"32":[113],"frequency":[114],"bins.":[115],"simulations":[117],"complemented":[119],"five":[121],"sessions":[122],"instrumental":[124],"measurements":[125],"2000s":[128],"two":[130],"sets":[131],"visual":[134],"observations":[136],"from":[137],"island":[139],"Ruhnu":[141],"S\u00f5rve":[144],"Peninsula":[145],"1954\u20132011.":[147],"Predominantly":[148],"representing":[149],"fetch-limited":[150],"windseas,":[151],"milder":[159],"more":[161],"intermittent":[162],"than":[163,195,239],"open":[166],"Sea.":[168],"average":[170,244],"significant":[171,254],"height":[173,256],"mostly":[175],"range":[178],"0.6\u20130.8":[180],"m":[181,186],"peaks":[183],"at":[184],"0.82":[185],"inside":[187,263],"gulf.":[189,234,265],"Typical":[190],"periods":[192],"shorter":[194],"proper.":[199],"pattern":[202],"heights,":[205],"higher":[207],"intensity":[209],"northern":[212],"eastern":[214],"parts":[215,231],"basin,":[218],"follows":[219],"anisotropy":[220],"conditions.":[223],"Interannual":[224],"variations":[225],"highly":[227],"synchronised":[228],"different":[230],"Their":[235],"magnitude":[236],"less":[238],"10%":[240],"long-term":[243,248],"height.":[246],"No":[247],"trend":[249],"has":[250],"been":[251],"found":[252],"no":[258],"distinct":[259],"decadal":[260],"variation":[261],"exists":[262]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2023-11-25T00:00:00"}
