{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388961920","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1360/tb-2023-1004","title":"Development of altruism in preschoolers: From empathic concern to compliance with fairness norms","display_name":"Development of altruism in preschoolers: From empathic concern to compliance with fairness norms","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388961920","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1360/tb-2023-1004"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1360/tb-2023-1004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1360/tb-2023-1004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1360/tb-2023-1004","pdf_url":"https://www.sciengine.com/doi/pdf/07EC854EDCDF4ECEBFF1F05FDBB7169A","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173430","display_name":"Chinese Science Bulletin (Chinese Version)","issn_l":"0023-074X","issn":["0023-074X","2095-9419"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319973","host_organization_name":"Science China Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319973"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Science China Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Chinese Science Bulletin","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W4388961920"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.sciengine.com/doi/pdf/07EC854EDCDF4ECEBFF1F05FDBB7169A","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101355499","display_name":"Hanlu Yu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanlu Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070178105","display_name":"Xinmu Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1052-0259","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1052-0259"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinmu Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093329441","display_name":"Yu Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xue Fan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xue Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040443177","display_name":"Xiaoqin Mai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7645-6763","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7645-6763"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoqin Mai","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2585,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53550408,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"1","first_page":"127","last_page":"136"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10656","display_name":"Child and Animal Learning Development","score":0.8935999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10656","display_name":"Child and Animal Learning Development","score":0.8935999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10646","display_name":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","score":0.06270000338554382,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12313","display_name":"Emotions and Moral Behavior","score":0.01510000042617321,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empathic-concern","display_name":"empathic concern","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fairness-norms","display_name":"fairness norms","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/altruistic-punishment","display_name":"altruistic punishment","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preschool-children","display_name":"preschool children","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dictator-game","display_name":"dictator game","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultimatum-game","display_name":"ultimatum game","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-differences","display_name":"age differences","score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-interest","display_name":"self-interest","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-development-developmental-psychology","display_name":"social development (developmental psychology)","score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empathy-induction","display_name":"empathy induction","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equal-distribution","display_name":"equal distribution","score":0.5839999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fairness-concerns","display_name":"fairness concerns","score":0.5139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prosocial-behavior","display_name":"prosocial behavior","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-compliance","display_name":"rule compliance","score":0.40299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/children-s-decision-making","display_name":"children's decision-making","score":0.41100001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reciprocity","display_name":"reciprocity","score":0.44699999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moral-development","display_name":"moral development","score":0.36800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prosocial-motivation","display_name":"prosocial motivation","score":0.3580000102519989}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781460075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1399332","display_name":"Compliance (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.8359445333480835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780279448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2559380","display_name":"Altruism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.8255401849746704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6918436884880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.5518409609794617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779885105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182263","display_name":"Empathy","level":2,"score":0.5395019054412842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.4766741096973419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778251646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5373833","display_name":"Empathic concern","level":4,"score":0.4428059160709381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158608086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990613","display_name":"Prosocial behavior","level":2,"score":0.41664668917655945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780342009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18387795","display_name":"Perspective-taking","level":3,"score":0.15805426239967346}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1360/tb-2023-1004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1360/tb-2023-1004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1360/tb-2023-1004","pdf_url":"https://www.sciengine.com/doi/pdf/07EC854EDCDF4ECEBFF1F05FDBB7169A","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173430","display_name":"Chinese Science Bulletin (Chinese Version)","issn_l":"0023-074X","issn":["0023-074X","2095-9419"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319973","host_organization_name":"Science China Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319973"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Science China Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Chinese Science Bulletin","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1360/tb-2023-1004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1360/tb-2023-1004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1360/tb-2023-1004","pdf_url":"https://www.sciengine.com/doi/pdf/07EC854EDCDF4ECEBFF1F05FDBB7169A","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173430","display_name":"Chinese Science Bulletin (Chinese Version)","issn_l":"0023-074X","issn":["0023-074X","2095-9419"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319973","host_organization_name":"Science China Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319973"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Science China Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Chinese Science Bulletin","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388961920.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388961920.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1481402319","https://openalex.org/W1556726625","https://openalex.org/W1720363294","https://openalex.org/W1777889247","https://openalex.org/W1931732621","https://openalex.org/W1965699991","https://openalex.org/W1969567094","https://openalex.org/W1969620000","https://openalex.org/W1976612389","https://openalex.org/W1978745469","https://openalex.org/W2002062072","https://openalex.org/W2005793688","https://openalex.org/W2009528117","https://openalex.org/W2039338430","https://openalex.org/W2057107096","https://openalex.org/W2073548381","https://openalex.org/W2090157913","https://openalex.org/W2104566572","https://openalex.org/W2107923144","https://openalex.org/W2108302063","https://openalex.org/W2109385089","https://openalex.org/W2113156032","https://openalex.org/W2129135549","https://openalex.org/W2142450270","https://openalex.org/W2150592504","https://openalex.org/W2191659017","https://openalex.org/W2294569849","https://openalex.org/W2312381537","https://openalex.org/W2333552781","https://openalex.org/W2516663284","https://openalex.org/W2587734383","https://openalex.org/W2610216018","https://openalex.org/W2618359622","https://openalex.org/W2736362088","https://openalex.org/W2758167854","https://openalex.org/W2770723384","https://openalex.org/W2897803918","https://openalex.org/W2930874582","https://openalex.org/W2935845637","https://openalex.org/W2953934729","https://openalex.org/W3006892784","https://openalex.org/W3034019148","https://openalex.org/W3082224192","https://openalex.org/W3179950001","https://openalex.org/W3195794332","https://openalex.org/W4206949444","https://openalex.org/W4212960175"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2990345181","https://openalex.org/W4412756304","https://openalex.org/W2904545699","https://openalex.org/W1969620000","https://openalex.org/W4417399902","https://openalex.org/W1549279916","https://openalex.org/W2884966602","https://openalex.org/W2610216018","https://openalex.org/W2461515658"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,11,437],"development":[1,66,226,438],"of":[2,67,227,247,252,274,284,297,349,364,404,439],"altruism":[3,68,229,440,470],"plays":[4,341],"a":[5,47,52,114,342,445],"crucial":[6],"role":[7,344],"in":[8,25,69,96,146,196,214,217,233,258,281,304,310,321,327,345,389,396,441,471],"social":[9],"development.":[10],"emergence":[12],"may":[13,28],"involve":[14],"transitioning":[15],"from":[16,30,447],"empathic":[17,62,130,176,191,219,285,373,376,416,451],"concern-driven":[18],"to":[19,42,85,106,109,119,127,152,164,173,212,241,256,267,319,355,387,453],"norm-driven;":[20],"that":[21,54,190,204,236,262,338,468],"is,":[22,237],"altruistic":[23,74,77,137,184,194,259,288,301,322,367,390,407,422,433],"acts":[24,408],"preschool":[26,70,442],"children":[27,82,98,148,205,291,326,443],"shift":[29],"\u201cI":[31],"help":[32],"others":[33,248,268],"because":[34],"I":[35,55],"feel":[36],"sympathy":[37],"and":[38,76,102,161,230,245,249,331,357,428],"concern":[39,63,131,177,192,220,232,286,377,417,452],"for":[40,464],"them\u201d":[41],"\u201cHelping":[43],"is":[44,369],"not":[45,264,419],"only":[46,265],"good":[48],"behavior":[49,303,368],"but":[50,269],"also":[51,270],"norm":[53],"must":[56],"obey.\u201d":[57],"This":[58,222],"study":[59],"investigated":[60],"how":[61,105,129,175],"influences":[64,182],"the":[65,92,121,143,153,158,218,225,243,282,305,311,329,346,362,397,402,426,466],"children,":[71],"including":[72],"their":[73,110,253,421,432],"allocation":[75,138,155,195],"punishment.":[78,289,423],"We":[79,123,169,188],"recruited":[80],"240":[81],"aged":[83,206],"3":[84],"6":[86],"years":[87,208,296],"old.":[88],"Experiment":[89,140],"1":[90],"used":[91,124,142,170],"dictator":[93],"game":[94,145],"paradigm":[95,126,172],"which":[97,147],"acted":[99,149],"as":[100,113,150,292,294],"distributors":[101,181],"could":[103,162],"decide":[104],"allocate":[107],"sweets":[108],"partner,":[111],"who,":[112],"responder,":[115],"had":[116],"no":[117],"right":[118],"refuse":[120],"allocation.":[122],"this":[125,171],"examine":[128,174],"directed":[132,178,379],"at":[133,179],"responders":[134,151],"affects":[135],"children\u2019s":[136,366,406],"behavior.":[139],"2":[141],"ultimatum":[144],"unfair":[154,180,381],"offered":[156],"by":[157,372,401,412,450,456],"selfish":[159],"distributor":[160],"choose":[163],"accept":[165],"or":[166],"reject":[167],"it.":[168],"preschoolers\u2019":[183],"punishment":[185,323,391,434],"towards":[186,380,392],"them.":[187],"found":[189],"promotes":[193],"3\u20136-year-old":[197],"preschoolers.":[198],"In":[199,424],"addition,":[200],"our":[201],"results":[202],"showed":[203,299],"5\u20136":[207],"were":[209,239,316,384],"more":[210,300],"likely":[211,318,354,386],"engage":[213,257,320,388],"equal":[215],"distribution":[216],"condition.":[221,313,399],"result":[223],"reflects":[224],"both":[228,328,425],"fairness":[231,359,413,457],"older":[234,325],"children;":[235],"they":[238,315,383],"able":[240],"consider":[242],"needs":[244],"welfare":[246],"sacrifice":[250],"some":[251],"own":[254],"interests":[255],"distributive":[260,302],"behaviors":[261],"are":[263,278,409],"beneficial":[266],"consistent":[271],"with":[272],"norms":[273],"fairness.":[275],"However,":[276,314,400],"there":[277],"age":[279,298,363,403],"differences":[280],"effect":[283],"on":[287],"Specifically,":[290],"young":[293],"3\u20134":[295],"empathy":[306,332,429],"induction":[307,333,430],"condition":[308],"than":[309,324,395],"control":[312,330,398,427],"less":[317,353,385],"conditions.":[334],"These":[335,459],"findings":[336,460],"suggest":[337],"self-interest":[339],"still":[340],"dominant":[343],"decision-making":[347],"processes":[348],"3\u20134-year-olds,":[350],"making":[351],"them":[352],"follow":[356],"uphold":[358],"norms.":[360,414,458],"At":[361],"4\u20135,":[365],"primarily":[370],"motivated":[371],"concern.":[374],"When":[375],"was":[378],"distributors,":[382],"such":[393],"offenders":[394],"5\u20136,":[405],"guided":[410],"mainly":[411],"Their":[415],"did":[418],"affect":[420],"conditions,":[431],"remained":[435],"impartial.":[436],"undergoes":[444],"transition":[446],"being":[448,454],"driven":[449,455],"have":[461],"important":[462],"implications":[463],"understanding":[465],"motives":[467],"shape":[469],"early":[472],"childhood.":[473]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2023-11-24T00:00:00"}