{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388948641","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2023.11.025","title":"Leveraging the edge and cloud for V2X-based real-time object detection in autonomous driving","display_name":"Leveraging the edge and cloud for V2X-based real-time object detection in autonomous driving","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388948641","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2023.11.025"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.comcom.2023.11.025","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2023.11.025","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2023.11.025","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140366423004231","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115004586","display_name":"Computer Communications","issn_l":"0140-3664","issn":["0140-3664","1873-703X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ccf-c","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140366423004231","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054973244","display_name":"Faisal Hawlader","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9870-0130","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9870-0130"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405259781","display_name":"Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/02qav7c04","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577","https://openalex.org/I4405259781"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Faisal Hawlader","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability, and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, L-1855, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9870-0130","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability, and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, L-1855, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577","https://openalex.org/I4405259781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032005143","display_name":"Fran\u00e7ois Robinet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5158-5561","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5158-5561"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405259781","display_name":"Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/02qav7c04","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577","https://openalex.org/I4405259781"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fran\u00e7ois Robinet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability, and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, L-1855, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability, and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, L-1855, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577","https://openalex.org/I4405259781"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009044318","display_name":"Rapha\u00ebl Frank","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8239-2041","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8239-2041"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405259781","display_name":"Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/02qav7c04","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577","https://openalex.org/I4405259781"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rapha\u00ebl Frank","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability, and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, L-1855, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability, and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, L-1855, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577","https://openalex.org/I4405259781"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054973244"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577","https://openalex.org/I4405259781"],"apc_list":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"apc_paid":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"fwci":4.0582,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94510197,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"213","issue":null,"first_page":"372","last_page":"381"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.7324000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.7324000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.15629999339580536,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.0714000016450882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-to-everything-communication","display_name":"vehicle-to-everything communication","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-object-detection","display_name":"real-time object detection","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autonomous-driving","display_name":"autonomous driving","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"edge computing","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"cloud computing","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation-offloading","display_name":"computation offloading","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference-latency","display_name":"inference latency","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-perception","display_name":"environmental perception","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-dataset","display_name":"synthetic dataset","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-compression","display_name":"video compression","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/h-265","display_name":"H.265","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jpeg-compression","display_name":"JPEG compression","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/end-to-end-delay","display_name":"end-to-end delay","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-simulation","display_name":"network simulation","score":0.4569999873638153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9169682860374451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.681194543838501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.6020771265029907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.5958244800567627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5533532500267029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5114104151725769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.49266916513442993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.4812571704387665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.47092241048812866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.44737353920936584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38674265146255493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.11455410718917847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.10905489325523376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.comcom.2023.11.025","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2023.11.025","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2023.11.025","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140366423004231","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115004586","display_name":"Computer Communications","issn_l":"0140-3664","issn":["0140-3664","1873-703X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ccf-c","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2308.05234","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2308.05234","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2308.05234","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:orbilu.uni.lu:10993/57938","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orbilu.uni.lu/handle/10993/57938","pdf_url":"https://orbilu.uni.lu/bitstream/10993/57938/1/Comcom_Main.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401815","display_name":"Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","host_organization_name":"University of Luxembourg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computer Communications, 213, 372-381 (2023-11-25)","raw_type":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2308.05234","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2308.05234","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2308.05234","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.comcom.2023.11.025","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2023.11.025","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2023.11.025","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140366423004231","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115004586","display_name":"Computer Communications","issn_l":"0140-3664","issn":["0140-3664","1873-703X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ccf-c","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.7207000255584717,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.5142999887466431,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G307562705","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCBY4.0","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321038","funder_display_name":"Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5801293946","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"17020780","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321038","funder_display_name":"Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321038","display_name":"Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/039z13y21"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388948641.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388948641.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3976408","https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1483870316","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1661701608","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2114936722","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2164598857","https://openalex.org/W2285466722","https://openalex.org/W2337024056","https://openalex.org/W2461933982","https://openalex.org/W2739778833","https://openalex.org/W2767621168","https://openalex.org/W2797952247","https://openalex.org/W2808381205","https://openalex.org/W2935860405","https://openalex.org/W3014798366","https://openalex.org/W3041822452","https://openalex.org/W3046505290","https://openalex.org/W3082721035","https://openalex.org/W3086248004","https://openalex.org/W3091180885","https://openalex.org/W3096000766","https://openalex.org/W3096813197","https://openalex.org/W3100288433","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3126365018","https://openalex.org/W3133797311","https://openalex.org/W3133913697","https://openalex.org/W3175345449","https://openalex.org/W3175416551","https://openalex.org/W3194681475","https://openalex.org/W3210165700","https://openalex.org/W4200487663","https://openalex.org/W4231910836","https://openalex.org/W4233588622","https://openalex.org/W4239090954","https://openalex.org/W4241648823","https://openalex.org/W4243594146","https://openalex.org/W4245423414","https://openalex.org/W4249914127","https://openalex.org/W4251247712","https://openalex.org/W4281557862","https://openalex.org/W4287891038","https://openalex.org/W4293093948","https://openalex.org/W4301045096","https://openalex.org/W4302342861","https://openalex.org/W4307160723","https://openalex.org/W4312722077","https://openalex.org/W4312906155","https://openalex.org/W4324031625","https://openalex.org/W4365806393","https://openalex.org/W4378980181","https://openalex.org/W4379107763","https://openalex.org/W4392405742","https://openalex.org/W4400231342","https://openalex.org/W6631782140","https://openalex.org/W6717118293","https://openalex.org/W6780999359","https://openalex.org/W6790417661","https://openalex.org/W6797796585","https://openalex.org/W6805074638","https://openalex.org/W6893711219"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4324031625","https://openalex.org/W3049536497","https://openalex.org/W7125614323","https://openalex.org/W4401113931","https://openalex.org/W7135241883","https://openalex.org/W7203826666","https://openalex.org/W4406266681","https://openalex.org/W7123346985","https://openalex.org/W7155844880","https://openalex.org/W4413065304"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Environmental":[0],"perception":[1,15,26,55],"is":[2],"a":[3,103,132,163],"key":[4],"element":[5],"of":[6,89,165,183],"autonomous":[7,28,57],"driving":[8,19,29],"because":[9],"the":[10,14,33,65,75,87,153,172,181,210],"information":[11],"received":[12],"from":[13],"module":[16],"influences":[17],"core":[18],"decisions.":[20],"An":[21],"outstanding":[22],"challenge":[23],"in":[24,31,56,82,207],"real-time":[25,54,83,208],"for":[27,53,122],"lies":[30],"finding":[32],"best":[34,66],"trade-off":[35],"between":[36,146],"detection":[37,60,109,124,161,215],"quality":[38,148],"and":[39,46,94,111,119,128,149,185,191],"latency.":[40,140],"Major":[41],"constraints":[42],"on":[43,125,131,195,209],"both":[44],"computation":[45,91],"power":[47],"must":[48],"be":[49,205],"taken":[50],"into":[51],"account":[52],"vehicles.":[58],"Larger":[59],"models":[61,110,200],"tend":[62],"to":[63,92,106,136,158],"produce":[64],"results":[67],"but":[68],"are":[69,98],"also":[70,179],"slower":[71],"at":[72,162,188],"runtime.":[73],"Since":[74,167],"most":[76],"accurate":[77],"detectors":[78],"may":[79],"not":[80],"run":[81,206],"locally,":[84],"we":[85,129,156,178],"investigate":[86],"possibility":[88],"offloading":[90,114],"edge":[93],"cloud":[95],"platforms,":[96],"which":[97],"less":[99],"resource-constrained.":[100],"We":[101,116,197],"create":[102],"synthetic":[104],"dataset":[105],"train":[107],"object":[108,123,160],"evaluate":[112],"different":[113,144],"strategies.":[115],"measure":[117,192],"inference":[118],"processing":[120],"times":[121],"real":[126],"hardware,":[127],"rely":[130],"network":[133,173],"simulation":[134],"framework":[135],"estimate":[137],"data":[138],"transmission":[139,176],"Our":[141],"study":[142],"compares":[143],"trade-offs":[145],"prediction":[147],"end-to-end":[150],"delay.":[151],"Following":[152],"existing":[154],"literature,":[155],"aim":[157],"perform":[159],"rate":[164],"20Hz.":[166],"sending":[168],"raw":[169],"frames":[170],"over":[171],"implies":[174],"additional":[175],"delays,":[177],"explore":[180],"use":[182],"JPEG":[184],"H.265":[186],"compression":[187,203],"varying":[189],"qualities":[190],"their":[193],"impact":[194],"prediction.":[196],"show":[198],"that":[199],"with":[201],"adequate":[202],"can":[204],"edge/cloud":[211],"while":[212],"outperforming":[213],"local":[214],"performance.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2023-11-24T00:00:00"}