{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388901709","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tencon58879.2023.10322364","title":"Real-Time Multi-Lingual Hate and Offensive Speech Detection in Social Networks Using Meta-Learning","display_name":"Real-Time Multi-Lingual Hate and Offensive Speech Detection in Social Networks Using Meta-Learning","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388901709","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tencon58879.2023.10322364"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tencon58879.2023.10322364","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tencon58879.2023.10322364","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tencon58879.2023.10322364","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607986","display_name":"IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"TENCON 2023 - 2023 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102025001","display_name":"D. Prasad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3777-7257","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3777-7257"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121750182","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Warangal","ror":"https://ror.org/017ebfz38","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121750182"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deepak Prasad","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Technology,Computer Science and Engineering,Warangal,India","Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Technology,Computer Science and Engineering,Warangal,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121750182"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121750182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077173118","display_name":"K. V. Kadambari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4285-4624","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4285-4624"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121750182","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Warangal","ror":"https://ror.org/017ebfz38","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121750182"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K.V. Kadambari","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Technology,Computer Science and Engineering,Warangal,India","Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Technology,Computer Science and Engineering,Warangal,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121750182"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121750182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093315892","display_name":"Raghav Mukati","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121750182","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Warangal","ror":"https://ror.org/017ebfz38","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121750182"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raghav Mukati","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Technology,Computer Science and Engineering,Warangal,India","Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Technology,Computer Science and Engineering,Warangal,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121750182"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121750182"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093315893","display_name":"Sunny Singariya","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121750182","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Warangal","ror":"https://ror.org/017ebfz38","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121750182"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sunny Singariya","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Technology,Computer Science and Engineering,Warangal,India","Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Technology,Computer Science and Engineering,Warangal,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121750182"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121750182"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121750182"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9942,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80603975,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"31","last_page":"35"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hate-speech-detection","display_name":"hate speech detection","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offensive-language-identification","display_name":"offensive language detection","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meta-learning","display_name":"meta-learning","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-resource-languages","display_name":"low-resource languages","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hindi","display_name":"Hindi","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bengali-language","display_name":"Bengali language","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marathi","display_name":"Marathi language","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hinglish","display_name":"Hinglish","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media-posts","display_name":"social media posts","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-forecasting","display_name":"real-time prediction","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-scarcity","display_name":"data scarcity","score":0.5239999890327454}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.809700608253479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519982507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1568","display_name":"Hindi","level":2,"score":0.6408845782279968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.633145809173584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6242559552192688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176856949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001676","display_name":"Offensive","level":2,"score":0.6198347210884094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19235068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9610","display_name":"Bengali","level":2,"score":0.6073311567306519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.575167179107666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5704626441001892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.49217692017555237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776844415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1571","display_name":"Marathi","level":2,"score":0.4629232883453369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204201278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332614","display_name":"Voice activity detection","level":3,"score":0.4347577393054962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4173876643180847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.33157235383987427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61328038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358061","display_name":"Speech processing","level":2,"score":0.2841319739818573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.1414257287979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.10134536027908325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tencon58879.2023.10322364","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tencon58879.2023.10322364","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tencon58879.2023.10322364","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607986","display_name":"IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"TENCON 2023 - 2023 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.5676000118255615}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W99485931","https://openalex.org/W2472819217","https://openalex.org/W2473555522","https://openalex.org/W2564933006","https://openalex.org/W2595653137","https://openalex.org/W2601450892","https://openalex.org/W2604763608","https://openalex.org/W2613977835","https://openalex.org/W2622349515","https://openalex.org/W2773126195","https://openalex.org/W2786315637","https://openalex.org/W2805807672","https://openalex.org/W2887782043","https://openalex.org/W2888541716","https://openalex.org/W2963341956","https://openalex.org/W2963490918","https://openalex.org/W2963532322","https://openalex.org/W2965373594","https://openalex.org/W2983040767","https://openalex.org/W3107538025","https://openalex.org/W3111436990","https://openalex.org/W3124917515","https://openalex.org/W3213867609","https://openalex.org/W4205892374","https://openalex.org/W4210722113","https://openalex.org/W4210804765","https://openalex.org/W4255663130","https://openalex.org/W4283155872","https://openalex.org/W6779852737"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4365420418","https://openalex.org/W6977004245","https://openalex.org/W7218190848","https://openalex.org/W4413141686","https://openalex.org/W3130335560","https://openalex.org/W4410207774","https://openalex.org/W4210804765","https://openalex.org/W4387356449","https://openalex.org/W4414819854","https://openalex.org/W4389650372"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,148],"rapid":[1],"increase":[2],"in":[3,75,83,87,142,146,158,193],"users":[4],"on":[5,80,130,185],"social":[6,120,143],"media":[7,121,144],"has":[8],"given":[9],"rise":[10],"to":[11,35,53,70,98,153,165,176,203],"a":[12,111,116],"vast":[13],"amount":[14],"of":[15,94,102,169,188],"user-generated":[16],"content,":[17],"including":[18],"hate":[19,55,72,103,155],"speech":[20,56,73,104,156],"and":[21,38,47,58,109,135,172,198],"offensive":[22],"language.":[23,180],"Such":[24],"content":[25,81],"can":[26],"have":[27,42,61],"serious":[28],"negative":[29],"consequences,":[30],"ranging":[31],"from":[32],"psychological":[33],"harm":[34],"inciting":[36],"violence":[37],"discrimination.":[39],"Existing":[40],"studies":[41],"explored":[43],"different":[44,189],"deep":[45],"learning":[46],"Natural":[48],"language":[49,225],"processing":[50],"(NLP)":[51],"methods":[52],"perform":[54,154,220],"detection,":[57],"these":[59,159],"solutions":[60,67],"yielded":[62],"significant":[63],"performance.":[64,207],"Most":[65],"existing":[66],"are":[68,139,201],"limited":[69],"detecting":[71],"only":[74],"English":[76],"with":[77],"less":[78],"focus":[79,128],"generated":[82],"other":[84],"languages,":[85],"particularly":[86],"low-resource":[88,107],"or":[89],"regional":[90,190],"languages.":[91,160],"The":[92,161,208],"goal":[93],"this":[95,100,124],"paper":[96],"is":[97,216],"address":[99],"challenge":[101],"detection":[105,157],"for":[106,119],"languages":[108,137,191],"propose":[110],"tool":[112],"that":[113,211],"could":[114],"provide":[115],"real-time":[117],"prediction":[118],"posts.":[122],"In":[123],"study,":[125],"the":[126,167,205,213],"main":[127],"was":[129,151],"English,":[131],"Hindi,":[132],"Hinglish,":[133],"Bengali,":[134],"Marathi":[136],"which":[138],"commonly":[140],"used":[141,202],"platforms":[145],"India.":[147,194],"meta-learning-based":[149,218],"model":[150],"employed":[152],"proposed":[162],"method":[163],"helps":[164],"overcome":[166],"limitation":[168],"data":[170],"scarcity":[171],"provides":[173],"fast":[174],"adaptation":[175],"an":[177],"unseen":[178],"target":[179],"Extensive":[181],"experiments":[182],"were":[183],"conducted":[184],"datasets":[186],"comprised":[187],"spoken":[192],"Accuracy,":[195],"Precision,":[196],"recall,":[197],"F1-score":[199],"metrics":[200],"evaluate":[204],"model's":[206],"results":[209],"show":[210],"when":[212],"dataset":[214],"size":[215],"small,":[217],"models":[219],"better":[221],"than":[222],"traditional":[223],"fine-tuned":[224],"models.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2023-11-23T00:00:00"}
