{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388890317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cwe.2023.a912415","title":"Administering Freedom: The State of Emancipation after the Freedmen's Bureau by Dale Kretz (review)","display_name":"Administering Freedom: The State of Emancipation after the Freedmen's Bureau by Dale Kretz (review)","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388890317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cwe.2023.a912415"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1353/cwe.2023.a912415","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cwe.2023.a912415","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cwe.2023.a912415","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764616258","display_name":"The Journal of the Civil War Era","issn_l":"2154-4727","issn":["2154-4727","2159-9807"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315743","host_organization_name":"University of North Carolina Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315743"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of North Carolina Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of the Civil War Era","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050881833","display_name":"Dennis Patrick Halpin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dennis Patrick Halpin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050881833"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.21159582,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"4","first_page":"579","last_page":"581"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12765","display_name":"Race, History, and American Society","score":0.8881999850273132,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12765","display_name":"Race, History, and American Society","score":0.8881999850273132,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12144","display_name":"Colonialism, slavery, and trade","score":0.09440000355243683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14190","display_name":"Military history and social perspectives","score":0.002899999963119626,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/freedmen-s-bureau","display_name":"Freedmen's Bureau","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-american-veterans","display_name":"African American veterans","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pension-claims","display_name":"pension claims","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reconstruction-era","display_name":"Reconstruction","score":0.3109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/new-deal","display_name":"New Deal","score":0.39800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-american-history","display_name":"African American history","score":0.39500001072883606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781153986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380351","display_name":"Emancipation","level":3,"score":0.9108678102493286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.610397219657898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778061430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188823","display_name":"Scholarship","level":2,"score":0.5424261093139648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81631423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10859","display_name":"Spanish Civil War","level":2,"score":0.5414355993270874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776732289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186356","display_name":"New Deal","level":3,"score":0.5312333703041077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5153119564056396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.503436267375946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108170787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951828","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4977722465991974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4916132092475891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780765947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12033531","display_name":"Administration (probate law)","level":2,"score":0.4286271333694458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3822545111179352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.17493906617164612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.12072685360908508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1353/cwe.2023.a912415","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cwe.2023.a912415","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cwe.2023.a912415","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764616258","display_name":"The Journal of the Civil War Era","issn_l":"2154-4727","issn":["2154-4727","2159-9807"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315743","host_organization_name":"University of North Carolina Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315743"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of North Carolina Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of the Civil War Era","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.6601999998092651}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391225175","https://openalex.org/W4391120928","https://openalex.org/W4327780212","https://openalex.org/W2155592809","https://openalex.org/W2140136318","https://openalex.org/W4295261301","https://openalex.org/W4391120981","https://openalex.org/W2121660633","https://openalex.org/W2312661715","https://openalex.org/W2058752153"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reviewed":[0],"by:":[1],"Administering":[2,19],"Freedom:":[3,20],"The":[4,21,325,569],"State":[5,22],"of":[6,23,35,68,75,86,90,116,131,134,155,159,169,190,212,218,223,248,269,271,314,328,349,383,428,471,543,547,566,572,592,627,651],"Emancipation":[7,24],"after":[8,25,502],"the":[9,26,63,66,69,73,78,110,119,123,129,132,135,146,150,156,163,184,188,197,213,224,227,239,246,249,254,259,297,301,312,315,321,342,350,357,370,407,469,508,513,533,540,548,554,564,581,590,607,621,625,628,663,674],"Freedmen's":[10,27,185,225],"Bureau":[11,186,251],"by":[12,52],"Dale":[13,30,46],"Kretz":[14,81,182,204,243,292,339,391,587,634,655],"Dennis":[15],"Patrick":[16],"Halpin":[17],"(bio)":[18],"Bureau.":[28,324],"By":[29],"Kretz.":[31],"(Chapel":[32],"Hill:":[33],"University":[34],"North":[36],"Carolina":[37],"Press,":[38],"2022.":[39],"Pp.":[40],"412.":[41],"Cloth,":[42],"$110.00;":[43],"paper,":[44],"$39.95.)":[45],"Kretz's":[47,160,221,337,552],"Administerintive":[48],"and":[49,72,93,104,145,176,207,258,275,299,344,364,414,444,576],"exclusionary":[50],"system":[51],"showing":[53],"howg":[54],"Freedom":[55],"is":[56,127,162,220],"a":[57,191,387],"significant":[58],"addition":[59],"to":[60,100,307,424,448,458,493,497,523,603,610,612,616,620,645,661,666],"scholarship":[61],"on":[62,450],"Reconstruction":[64,219],"era,":[65],"expansion":[67],"federal":[70,136,229,260,334,582,608],"government,":[71],"history":[74,193],"welfare":[76,117],"in":[77,109,118,410,456,507,512,551,556,624],"United":[79,120],"States.":[80,121],"presents":[82],"an":[83,113],"engrossing":[84],"analysis":[85,222],"how":[87,245,403,589,657],"large":[88,381],"numbers":[89],"Black":[91,174,294,353,442,517,658],"men":[92,175,274,443,575],"women":[94,276,445,577],"tenaciously":[95],"[End":[96,536],"Page":[97,537],"579]":[98],"pushed":[99],"see":[101],"their":[102,309,426,460,495,525,604,647],"pension":[103,511,664],"bounty":[105],"claims":[106,237,461],"satisfied":[107],"and,":[108],"process,":[111],"articulated":[112],"expanded":[114],"vision":[115],"At":[122],"same":[124],"time,":[125],"it":[126,521],"also":[128],"story":[130],"repercussions":[133],"government's":[137],"fitful":[138],"efforts":[139,171,457],"at":[140,149,172,187,613,673],"compensating":[141,173],"African":[142,329,404,573,593,641],"American":[143,574,594],"veterans":[144],"formerly":[147,272,668],"enslaved":[148,273,669],"Civil":[151,629],"War's":[152],"conclusion.":[153],"One":[154,211],"chief":[157,214],"strengths":[158],"work":[161],"way":[164,555],"he":[165,367,558],"expands":[166],"our":[167],"understanding":[168],"Reconstruction-era":[170],"women.":[177],"As":[178,366],"his":[179,372,376,411,567,652],"subtitle":[180],"indicates,":[181],"places":[183],"start":[189],"longer":[192,280],"that":[194,264,352,375,418],"stretches":[195],"into":[196,300,473],"New":[198],"Deal":[199],"era.":[200],"In":[201,464,483,649],"this":[202,289,436],"exploration,":[203],"mines":[205],"important":[206,290],"underutilized":[208],"archival":[209],"collections.":[210],"attractions":[215],"for":[216,333],"historians":[217],"Branch,":[226],"understudied":[228],"agency":[230],"charged":[231,317,360],"with":[232,265,318,356,361,397,487,580],"administrating":[233],"freedpeople's":[234],"still":[235],"unprocessed":[236],"following":[238],"Freedman's":[240,250],"Bureau's":[241],"closure.":[242],"demonstrates":[244,588],"demise":[247],"fundamentally":[252],"changed":[253],"relationship":[255],"between":[256],"freed-people":[257],"government.":[261],"He":[262,400],"maintains":[263],"its":[266],"closure,":[267],"\"tens":[268],"thousands":[270],"[were]":[277],"rendered":[278],"no":[279],"as":[281,284,304,331,490,601,633],"allies":[282],"but":[283,385],"claimants\"":[285],"(4).":[286],"Upon":[287],"establishing":[288],"change,":[291],"follows":[293],"claimants":[295,332,354,478,595],"throughout":[296],"nineteenth":[298],"twentieth":[302],"century":[303],"they":[305,419,491,529,599],"continued":[306],"push":[308],"cases":[310],"before":[311],"last":[313],"agencies":[316,359],"disbursing":[319,362],"claims,":[320],"U.S.":[322],"Pension":[323],"individual":[326,541],"stories":[327,348,395,542,561],"Americans":[330,405,642],"benefits":[335],"drive":[336],"narrative.":[338],"expertly":[340],"reconstructs":[341],"poignant,":[343],"very":[345],"often":[346,438],"frustrating,":[347],"ways":[351],"interfaced":[355],"government":[358,583,609],"pensions":[363],"bounties.":[365],"warns":[368],"from":[369],"outset,":[371],"research":[373],"required":[374,534],"narrative":[377],"would":[378],"include":[379],"\"a":[380],"cast":[382],"characters":[384],"[not]":[386],"single":[388],"protagonist\"":[389],"(12).":[390],"weaves":[392],"these":[393,560],"varied":[394],"together":[396,562],"great":[398],"skill.":[399],"shows":[401,656],"us":[402],"navigated":[406],"maddening":[408],"(or,":[409],"words,":[412],"\"Kafkaesque\")":[413],"ostensibly":[415],"race-neutral":[416],"requirements":[417],"confronted,":[420],"ones":[421],"asking":[422],"them":[423],"prove":[425,459,494,524],"dates":[427],"birth,":[429],"marital":[430],"status,":[431],"or":[432,453],"medical":[433,474],"history,":[434],"when":[435],"documentation":[437],"did":[439,637],"not":[440,531,638],"exist.":[441],"were":[446],"forced":[447,606],"call":[449],"friends,":[451],"comrades,":[452],"former":[454],"enslavers":[455],"had":[462,584],"merit.":[463],"some":[465,546,618],"cases,":[466],"we":[467,485],"follow":[468],"plights":[470],"freedmen":[472],"examining":[475],"rooms,":[476],"wherein":[477],"battled":[479],"over":[480],"disability":[481],"claims.":[482,648],"others,":[484],"journey":[486],"widowed":[488],"freedwomen":[489],"seek":[492],"marriages":[496],"frequently":[498,519],"skeptical":[499],"administrators.":[500],"Even":[501],"President":[503],"Theodore":[504],"Roosevelt":[505],"ushered":[506],"\"first":[509],"age-and-service":[510],"nation's":[514],"history\"":[515],"(282),":[516],"applicants":[518],"found":[520],"difficult":[522],"birth":[526],"dates,":[527],"since":[528],"could":[530],"produce":[532],"documentation.":[535],"580]":[538],"While":[539],"freedpeople":[544],"provide":[545],"richest":[549],"details":[550],"book,":[553],"which":[557],"stitches":[559],"provides":[563],"import":[565],"analysis.":[568],"aggregate":[570],"experiences":[571],"who":[578,596,671],"interacted":[579],"numerous":[585],"repercussions.":[586],"tenacity":[591],"sought":[597],"rights":[598],"viewed":[600],"intrinsic":[602],"citizenship":[605],"continue":[611],"least":[614],"try":[615],"find":[617],"solutions":[619],"problems":[622],"created":[623],"wake":[626],"War.":[630],"This":[631],"effort,":[632],"ably":[635],"demonstrates,":[636],"come":[639],"easy.":[640],"collectively":[643],"mobilized":[644],"press":[646],"one":[650],"best":[653],"chapters,":[654],"populists":[659],"worked":[660],"open":[662],"rolls":[665],"any":[667],"person":[670],"survived":[672],"turn...":[675]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-11T09:22:31.653822","created_date":"2023-11-22T00:00:00"}