{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388738666","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14797/mdcvj.1290","title":"ChatGPT and Artificial Intelligence in Hospital Level Research: Potential, Precautions, and Prospects","display_name":"ChatGPT and Artificial Intelligence in Hospital Level Research: Potential, Precautions, and Prospects","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388738666","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14797/mdcvj.1290","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38028967","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10655767"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.14797/mdcvj.1290","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14797/mdcvj.1290","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14797/mdcvj.1290","pdf_url":"https://storage.googleapis.com/jnl-up-j-mdbcj-files/journals/1/articles/1290/6555fdf48fa3b.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764606495","display_name":"Methodist DeBakey Cardiovascular Journal","issn_l":"1947-6094","issn":["1947-6094","1947-6108"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","medline","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Methodist DeBakey Cardiovascular Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://storage.googleapis.com/jnl-up-j-mdbcj-files/journals/1/articles/1290/6555fdf48fa3b.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077630736","display_name":"Hassaan B Arshad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2690-1646","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2690-1646"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1295876152","display_name":"Houston Methodist","ror":"https://ror.org/027zt9171","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295876152"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hassaan B. Arshad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston, Texas, US","Houston Methodist"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2690-1646","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston, Texas, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1295876152"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Houston Methodist","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1295876152"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024896485","display_name":"Sara Butt","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1295876152","display_name":"Houston Methodist","ror":"https://ror.org/027zt9171","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295876152"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405286254","display_name":"Houston Methodist Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01mcrxx35","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295876152","https://openalex.org/I4405286254"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sara A. Butt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, US","Houston Methodist","Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston, Texas, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405286254"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Houston Methodist","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1295876152"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston, Texas, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1295876152"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027233990","display_name":"Safi Ullah Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1559-6911","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1559-6911"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1295876152","display_name":"Houston Methodist","ror":"https://ror.org/027zt9171","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295876152"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Safi U. Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston, Texas, US","Houston Methodist"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1559-6911","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston, Texas, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1295876152"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Houston Methodist","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1295876152"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080459985","display_name":"Zulqarnain Javed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4137-9198","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4137-9198","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4321-4394"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405286254","display_name":"Houston Methodist Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01mcrxx35","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295876152","https://openalex.org/I4405286254"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zulqarnain Javed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, US","Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4321-4394","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405286254"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405286254"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072663918","display_name":"Khurram Nasir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5376-2269","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5376-2269","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2632-1318"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1295876152","display_name":"Houston Methodist","ror":"https://ror.org/027zt9171","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295876152"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Khurram Nasir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston, Texas, US","Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston, Texas"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5376-2269","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston, Texas, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1295876152"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston, Texas","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1295876152"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072663918","https://openalex.org/A5077630736","https://openalex.org/A5080459985"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1295876152","https://openalex.org/I4405286254"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1544,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80742962,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"5","first_page":"77","last_page":"84"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13904","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Applications","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chatgpt","display_name":"ChatGPT","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-language-models","display_name":"large language models","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospital-based-research","display_name":"hospital research","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-writing-support","display_name":"academic writing support","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-analytics","display_name":"data analytics","score":0.5239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-generation","display_name":"code generation","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/healthcare-data-privacy","display_name":"healthcare data privacy","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithmic-bias","display_name":"algorithmic bias","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-ethics","display_name":"AI ethics","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/explainable-ai","display_name":"explainable AI","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-disparities","display_name":"health disparities","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-regulation","display_name":"AI regulation","score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-interaction","display_name":"patient interaction","score":0.5910000205039978}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.8282896876335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5551481246948242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.554050862789154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5465663075447083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79158427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485396","display_name":"Analytics","level":2,"score":0.4655395746231079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.4314953088760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986663376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9465","display_name":"Ethical issues","level":2,"score":0.4277176558971405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.39161109924316406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.3905947804450989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.3579806089401245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.23737859725952148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.09992074966430664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09075623750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006761","descriptor_name":"Hospitals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014956","descriptor_name":"Writing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015444","descriptor_name":"Exercise","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035843","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.14797/mdcvj.1290","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14797/mdcvj.1290","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14797/mdcvj.1290","pdf_url":"https://storage.googleapis.com/jnl-up-j-mdbcj-files/journals/1/articles/1290/6555fdf48fa3b.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764606495","display_name":"Methodist DeBakey Cardiovascular Journal","issn_l":"1947-6094","issn":["1947-6094","1947-6108"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","medline","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Methodist DeBakey Cardiovascular Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10655767","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10655767","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10655767/pdf/mdcvj-19-5-1290.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:38028967","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38028967","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Methodist DeBakey cardiovascular journal","raw_type":"Review"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3e1f9c3f880843459fc34b5f58b65d8f","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3e1f9c3f880843459fc34b5f58b65d8f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Methodist DeBakey Cardiovascular Journal, Vol 19, Iss 5, Pp 77-84 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.14797/mdcvj.1290","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14797/mdcvj.1290","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14797/mdcvj.1290","pdf_url":"https://storage.googleapis.com/jnl-up-j-mdbcj-files/journals/1/articles/1290/6555fdf48fa3b.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764606495","display_name":"Methodist DeBakey Cardiovascular Journal","issn_l":"1947-6094","issn":["1947-6094","1947-6108"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","medline","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Methodist DeBakey Cardiovascular Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8199999928474426}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388738666.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388738666.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2516809705","https://openalex.org/W2581082771","https://openalex.org/W2664267452","https://openalex.org/W2800111293","https://openalex.org/W2843010082","https://openalex.org/W2903777941","https://openalex.org/W2981869278"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4412002045","https://openalex.org/W4387394602","https://openalex.org/W4394767726","https://openalex.org/W4368367885","https://openalex.org/W4408409417","https://openalex.org/W7118093581","https://openalex.org/W4393145687","https://openalex.org/W4387959573","https://openalex.org/W4390587679","https://openalex.org/W7006663084"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Rapid":[0],"advancements":[1],"in":[2,28,41,121,144,178],"artificial":[3],"intelligence":[4],"(AI)":[5],"have":[6],"revolutionized":[7],"numerous":[8],"sectors,":[9],"including":[10,124],"medical":[11,42,145,176],"research.":[12],"Among":[13],"the":[14,37,65,79,83,96,110,113,130,140,148,158],"various":[15],"AI":[16,119,127,143,161,166],"tools,":[17],"OpenAI's":[18],"ChatGPT,":[19,99],"a":[20,179],"state-of-the-art":[21],"language":[22],"model,":[23],"has":[24],"demonstrated":[25],"immense":[26],"potential":[27,103,159,173],"aiding":[29],"and":[30,58,74,94,107,129,154,185],"enhancing":[31],"research":[32,177],"processes.":[33],"This":[34],"review":[35,111],"explores":[36],"application":[38],"of":[39,85,98,132,142,160],"ChatGPT":[40],"hospital":[43],"level":[44],"research,":[45,146],"focusing":[46],"on":[47],"its":[48,102],"capabilities":[49],"for":[50,104,150],"academic":[51],"writing":[52],"assistance,":[53],"data":[54,93,125],"analytics,":[55],"statistics":[56],"handling,":[57],"code":[59],"generation.":[60],"Notably,":[61],"it":[62,170],"delves":[63],"into":[64],"model's":[66],"ability":[67],"to":[68,168,174],"streamline":[69],"tasks,":[70],"support":[71],"decision":[72],"making,":[73],"improve":[75],"patient":[76],"interaction.":[77],"However,":[78],"article":[80,136],"also":[81],"underscores":[82],"importance":[84],"exercising":[86],"caution":[87],"while":[88],"dealing":[89],"with":[90,118,162],"sensitive":[91],"healthcare":[92],"highlights":[95],"limitations":[97],"such":[100],"as":[101],"erroneous":[105],"outputs":[106],"biases.":[108],"Furthermore,":[109],"discusses":[112],"ethical":[114,163],"considerations":[115],"that":[116,156,181],"arise":[117],"use":[120],"health":[122],"care,":[123],"privacy,":[126],"interpretability,":[128],"risk":[131],"AI-induced":[133],"disparities.":[134],"The":[135],"culminates":[137],"by":[138],"envisioning":[139],"future":[141],"emphasizing":[147],"need":[149],"robust":[151],"regulatory":[152],"frameworks":[153],"guidelines":[155],"balance":[157],"considerations.":[164],"As":[165],"continues":[167],"evolve,":[169],"holds":[171],"promising":[172],"augment":[175],"manner":[180],"is":[182],"ethical,":[183],"equitable,":[184],"patient-centric.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2023-11-17T00:00:00"}