{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388688372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2023.100957","title":"Investigating the changes in travel behaviour during an economic crisis in a developing country: A case study of the Greater Beirut Area, Lebanon","display_name":"Investigating the changes in travel behaviour during an economic crisis in a developing country: A case study of the Greater Beirut Area, Lebanon","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388688372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2023.100957"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.trip.2023.100957","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2023.100957","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2023.100957","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230100","display_name":"Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives","issn_l":"2590-1982","issn":["2590-1982"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2023.100957","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016445965","display_name":"Ali Hatoum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7510-0626","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7510-0626"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ali Hatoum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Independent Researcher"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7510-0626","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent Researcher","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043318448","display_name":"Firas Barraj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5946-9239","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5946-9239"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168913471","display_name":"University of Balamand","ror":"https://ror.org/01xvwxv41","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168913471"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Firas Barraj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, University of Balamand, P.O. Box 100, Al Koura 1304, Lebanon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Balamand, P.O. Box 100, Al Koura 1304, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168913471"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016445965"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1330,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1330},"apc_paid":{"value":1330,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1330},"fwci":1.6427,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82630117,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":null,"first_page":"100957","last_page":"100957"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9794999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9794999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.012199999764561653,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.004699999932199717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/travel-behavior","display_name":"travel behavior","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-crisis","display_name":"economic crisis","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greater-beirut","display_name":"Greater Beirut","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commuting-trips","display_name":"commuting trips","score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trip-frequency","display_name":"travel frequency","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-modes","display_name":"transport modes","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/private-car-use","display_name":"private car use","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-transport","display_name":"public transport","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motorcycles","display_name":"motorcycles","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shopping-trips","display_name":"shopping trips","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leisure-travel","display_name":"leisure travel","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-factors","display_name":"socioeconomic factors","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-income","display_name":"household income","score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lebanon","display_name":"Lebanon","score":0.3070000112056732}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157085824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2384809","display_name":"TRIPS architecture","level":2,"score":0.89459228515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110269972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184872","display_name":"Recreation","level":2,"score":0.6220085024833679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117568660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1650843","display_name":"Multinomial logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.6115826964378357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39896193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380344","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","level":2,"score":0.5643383264541626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.5215334892272949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539828613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178512","display_name":"Public transport","level":2,"score":0.4524104595184326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.42672958970069885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.37767717242240906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45355965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643441","display_name":"Socioeconomics","level":1,"score":0.34402430057525635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.3359628915786743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2934570908546448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1664995551109314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.1535559892654419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11959901452064514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.trip.2023.100957","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2023.100957","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2023.100957","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230100","display_name":"Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives","issn_l":"2590-1982","issn":["2590-1982"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cc5a673f578741c19b143f6c8a83d3fc","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cc5a673f578741c19b143f6c8a83d3fc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, Vol 22, Iss , Pp 100957- (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.trip.2023.100957","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2023.100957","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2023.100957","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230100","display_name":"Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives","issn_l":"2590-1982","issn":["2590-1982"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.761900007724762,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"},{"score":0.7257999777793884,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W165235526","https://openalex.org/W1543584041","https://openalex.org/W1682025172","https://openalex.org/W1980042976","https://openalex.org/W1988050849","https://openalex.org/W2022461810","https://openalex.org/W2028758097","https://openalex.org/W2029807096","https://openalex.org/W2036465585","https://openalex.org/W2045266229","https://openalex.org/W2076646346","https://openalex.org/W2079405429","https://openalex.org/W2084413241","https://openalex.org/W2115207265","https://openalex.org/W2119231170","https://openalex.org/W2146417602","https://openalex.org/W2583457378","https://openalex.org/W2726180035","https://openalex.org/W2744429807","https://openalex.org/W2799359827","https://openalex.org/W2995317795","https://openalex.org/W3010135729","https://openalex.org/W3023863810","https://openalex.org/W3095291149","https://openalex.org/W3134834700","https://openalex.org/W3199775545","https://openalex.org/W3206882502","https://openalex.org/W4280576949","https://openalex.org/W4296675769","https://openalex.org/W4315490045","https://openalex.org/W4317042586","https://openalex.org/W4319750653","https://openalex.org/W6784927917","https://openalex.org/W6791593460"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2583457378","https://openalex.org/W3137211870","https://openalex.org/W2146417602","https://openalex.org/W594210161","https://openalex.org/W3200294259","https://openalex.org/W4410534278","https://openalex.org/W2996235334","https://openalex.org/W565450838","https://openalex.org/W1604455117","https://openalex.org/W3193447245"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Lebanon":[0],"is":[1],"currently":[2],"facing":[3],"one":[4],"of":[5,21,32,52,79,83,122,144,162,215],"the":[6,18,22,26,30,41,50,53,70,77,104,120,140,145,155,160,207,213],"worst":[7],"economic":[8,19,55,105],"crises":[9],"in":[10,34,45,64,150,168],"its":[11],"history,":[12],"which":[13],"has":[14],"been":[15],"compounded":[16],"by":[17],"consequences":[20],"COVID-19":[23],"pandemic":[24],"and":[25,68,81,99,132,165,181,227],"devastating":[27],"explosion":[28],"at":[29],"Port":[31],"Beirut":[33,43],"August":[35],"2020.":[36],"This":[37],"research":[38],"focuses":[39],"on":[40,57,111,135],"Greater":[42],"area":[44],"Lebanon,":[46],"aiming":[47],"to":[48,159,222],"examine":[49],"impact":[51,121],"ongoing":[54],"crisis":[56,71,106],"travel":[58,65,113],"behavior.":[59,114],"The":[60,142],"study":[61,164],"analyzes":[62],"changes":[63,93,138],"behavior":[66],"before":[67],"during":[69,139,154],"for":[72,176,195,204],"various":[73],"trip":[74,136,152],"purposes,":[75],"including":[76],"number":[78],"trips":[80,188,197],"modes":[82],"transportation":[84],"used.":[85],"Socio-economic":[86],"factors":[87,123],"that":[88,103],"may":[89],"have":[90],"influenced":[91],"these":[92],"are":[94],"also":[95],"considered.":[96],"Descriptive":[97],"analyses":[98],"multivariate":[100],"statistics":[101],"reveal":[102],"had":[107],"a":[108,148,201],"significant":[109],"influence":[110],"people's":[112],"Multinomial":[115],"logistic":[116],"regression":[117],"models":[118],"highlight":[119],"such":[124],"as":[125],"age,":[126],"nationality,":[127],"occupation,":[128],"household":[129],"size,":[130],"income,":[131],"spending":[133],"fluctuations":[134],"frequency":[137],"crisis.":[141],"analysis":[143],"data":[146],"indicates":[147],"decrease":[149],"all":[151],"types":[153],"crisis,":[156],"partly":[157,220],"due":[158,221],"adoption":[161,214],"online":[163],"work,":[166],"resulting":[167],"fewer":[169,196],"commuting":[170],"trips.":[171],"Private":[172],"car":[173],"usage":[174],"declined":[175],"shopping":[177],"trips,":[178],"while":[179],"motorcycles":[180],"public":[182,216],"transport":[183,217],"witnessed":[184],"an":[185],"increase.":[186],"Recreational":[187],"reduced":[189],"significantly,":[190],"with":[191],"more":[192],"respondents":[193],"opting":[194],"per":[198],"year,":[199],"showing":[200],"noticeable":[202],"preference":[203],"buses.":[205],"Despite":[206],"shift":[208],"away":[209],"from":[210],"private":[211],"cars,":[212],"remains":[218],"modest,":[219],"limited":[223],"accessibility,":[224],"safety":[225],"concerns,":[226],"unreliable":[228],"services.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2023-11-16T00:00:00"}