{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388674397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2023.2281844","title":"Financial development in South Africa: The role of natural resources, IT infrastructure, and government size","display_name":"Financial development in South Africa: The role of natural resources, IT infrastructure, and government size","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388674397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2023.2281844"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/23322039.2023.2281844","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2023.2281844","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2023.2281844","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765075218","display_name":"Cogent Economics & Finance","issn_l":"2332-2039","issn":["2332-2039"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311767","host_organization_name":"Cogent OA","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311767"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cogent OA"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cogent Economics &amp; Finance","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2023.2281844","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062596204","display_name":"Paul Adjei Kwakwa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-217X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-217X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I291863076","display_name":"University of Energy and Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/05r9rzb75","country_code":"GH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I291863076"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132699434","display_name":"University of Religions and Denominations","ror":"https://ror.org/01s8nf094","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132699434"]}],"countries":["GH","IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Paul Adjei Kwakwa","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Energy and Natural Recourses","University of Religions and Denominations","2 URD Research Center, University of Religions and Denominations, Qom, Iran","School of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Energy and Natural Recourses, Sunyani, Ghana"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Energy and Natural Recourses","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I291863076"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Religions and Denominations","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132699434"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"2 URD Research Center, University of Religions and Denominations, Qom, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132699434"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Energy and Natural Recourses, Sunyani, Ghana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I291863076"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004326970","display_name":"Justice Boateng Dankwah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8271-073X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8271-073X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I291863076","display_name":"University of Energy and Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/05r9rzb75","country_code":"GH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I291863076"]}],"countries":["GH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Justice Boateng Dankwah","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Energy and Natural Recourses","School of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Energy and Natural Recourses, Sunyani, Ghana"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Energy and Natural Recourses","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I291863076"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Energy and Natural Recourses, Sunyani, Ghana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I291863076"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018685823","display_name":"Emmanuel Adu Boahen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8080-7100","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8080-7100"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I291863076","display_name":"University of Energy and Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/05r9rzb75","country_code":"GH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I291863076"]}],"countries":["GH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emmanuel Adu Boahen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Energy and Natural Recourses","School of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Energy and Natural Recourses, Sunyani, Ghana"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Energy and Natural Recourses","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I291863076"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Energy and Natural Recourses, Sunyani, Ghana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I291863076"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085157165","display_name":"Paul Hammond","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5495-5182","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5495-5182"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I291863076","display_name":"University of Energy and Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/05r9rzb75","country_code":"GH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I291863076"]}],"countries":["GH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Hammond","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Energy and Natural Recourses","School of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Energy and Natural Recourses, Sunyani, Ghana"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Energy and Natural Recourses","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I291863076"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Energy and Natural Recourses, Sunyani, Ghana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I291863076"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062596204"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I291863076","https://openalex.org/I3132699434"],"apc_list":{"value":950,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1165},"apc_paid":{"value":950,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1165},"fwci":3.9606,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93977649,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10007","display_name":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","score":0.7534000277519226,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10007","display_name":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","score":0.7534000277519226,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13867","display_name":"Economic Growth and Development","score":0.20640000700950623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11823","display_name":"Natural Resources and Economic Development","score":0.00860000029206276,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-development","display_name":"financial development","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-resource-wealth","display_name":"natural resource wealth","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/it-infrastructure","display_name":"IT infrastructure","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government-size","display_name":"government size","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-expenditure","display_name":"government spending","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-openness","display_name":"trade openness","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/determinants-of-financial-development","display_name":"determinants of financial development","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-africa","display_name":"South Africa","score":0.8460000157356262}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777747085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5449743","display_name":"Financial sector development","level":3,"score":0.7285738587379456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6793978810310364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84976871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2015673","display_name":"Openness to experience","level":2,"score":0.638421893119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29985473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188460","display_name":"Natural resource","level":2,"score":0.5540202260017395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.5533544421195984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5513390302658081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986840890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837171","display_name":"Financial sector","level":2,"score":0.5214030742645264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3840506672859192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.34286779165267944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.08416855335235596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/23322039.2023.2281844","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2023.2281844","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2023.2281844","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765075218","display_name":"Cogent Economics & Finance","issn_l":"2332-2039","issn":["2332-2039"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311767","host_organization_name":"Cogent OA","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311767"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cogent OA"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cogent Economics &amp; Finance","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/304268","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10419/304268","pdf_url":"https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/304268/1/10.1080_23322039.2023.2281844.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:taf:oaefxx:v:11:y:2023:i:2:p:2281844","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/23322039.2023.2281844","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6191e20636e04f92851e40c3241b5437","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6191e20636e04f92851e40c3241b5437","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cogent Economics & Finance, Vol 11, Iss 2 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/23322039.2023.2281844","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2023.2281844","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2023.2281844","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765075218","display_name":"Cogent Economics & Finance","issn_l":"2332-2039","issn":["2332-2039"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311767","host_organization_name":"Cogent OA","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311767"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cogent OA"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cogent Economics &amp; Finance","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.8970999717712402,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.6452000141143799,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":104,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W84175401","https://openalex.org/W819704293","https://openalex.org/W1484474409","https://openalex.org/W1525171360","https://openalex.org/W1564290246","https://openalex.org/W1588427943","https://openalex.org/W1970829901","https://openalex.org/W1982176021","https://openalex.org/W1986143435","https://openalex.org/W1986295273","https://openalex.org/W1992156370","https://openalex.org/W1994442956","https://openalex.org/W1997008462","https://openalex.org/W1999493408","https://openalex.org/W2012507409","https://openalex.org/W2032265894","https://openalex.org/W2039820043","https://openalex.org/W2044881263","https://openalex.org/W2069610233","https://openalex.org/W2079721697","https://openalex.org/W2088548058","https://openalex.org/W2088835444","https://openalex.org/W2089595805","https://openalex.org/W2089927961","https://openalex.org/W2105711673","https://openalex.org/W2113337769","https://openalex.org/W2143262652","https://openalex.org/W2156625419","https://openalex.org/W2158766100","https://openalex.org/W2161965672","https://openalex.org/W2334901859","https://openalex.org/W2360570721","https://openalex.org/W2482353978","https://openalex.org/W2522189868","https://openalex.org/W2556507681","https://openalex.org/W2609272069","https://openalex.org/W2707073504","https://openalex.org/W2727780580","https://openalex.org/W2749499318","https://openalex.org/W2768946211","https://openalex.org/W2772083167","https://openalex.org/W2804864582","https://openalex.org/W2888841813","https://openalex.org/W2890883430","https://openalex.org/W2913647692","https://openalex.org/W2915040463","https://openalex.org/W2938389781","https://openalex.org/W2941805310","https://openalex.org/W2954912999","https://openalex.org/W2955476538","https://openalex.org/W2957069125","https://openalex.org/W2961179960","https://openalex.org/W2969681665","https://openalex.org/W2970762463","https://openalex.org/W2991632437","https://openalex.org/W2996954265","https://openalex.org/W3002891900","https://openalex.org/W3006410651","https://openalex.org/W3010752192","https://openalex.org/W3011863660","https://openalex.org/W3014425606","https://openalex.org/W3015404344","https://openalex.org/W3036768335","https://openalex.org/W3083293462","https://openalex.org/W3096063344","https://openalex.org/W3118493042","https://openalex.org/W3122611856","https://openalex.org/W3125298939","https://openalex.org/W3125701855","https://openalex.org/W3162797836","https://openalex.org/W3171042472","https://openalex.org/W3171688639","https://openalex.org/W3174265602","https://openalex.org/W3192277340","https://openalex.org/W3213010871","https://openalex.org/W4200536248","https://openalex.org/W4206682978","https://openalex.org/W4240669445","https://openalex.org/W4280499013","https://openalex.org/W4280653278","https://openalex.org/W4281637850","https://openalex.org/W4284968484","https://openalex.org/W4289333454","https://openalex.org/W4293796765","https://openalex.org/W4294118771","https://openalex.org/W4298148477","https://openalex.org/W4308060609","https://openalex.org/W4310478835","https://openalex.org/W4313442841","https://openalex.org/W4313461825","https://openalex.org/W4320532263","https://openalex.org/W4320730487","https://openalex.org/W4324058353","https://openalex.org/W4327601568","https://openalex.org/W4365460080","https://openalex.org/W4366775447","https://openalex.org/W4366994284","https://openalex.org/W4367680445","https://openalex.org/W4382456858","https://openalex.org/W4383908564","https://openalex.org/W4384895329","https://openalex.org/W4385506086","https://openalex.org/W4386136868","https://openalex.org/W6631950131"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7104688426","https://openalex.org/W6949365658","https://openalex.org/W7160390123","https://openalex.org/W2150152423","https://openalex.org/W7220755285","https://openalex.org/W340013569","https://openalex.org/W4417335443","https://openalex.org/W7046840786","https://openalex.org/W2119385772","https://openalex.org/W4415089825"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,120,142],"purpose":[1],"of":[2,11,28,34,89,122],"this":[3,38],"paper":[4],"is":[5],"to":[6,67,95,110,152],"identify":[7],"the":[8,12,32,73,87,133,160],"driving":[9],"elements":[10],"South":[13,18,60,99,140],"African":[14],"financial":[15,20,56,96,118,137,161],"sector.":[16,119,162],"While":[17],"Africa's":[19],"sector":[21],"appears":[22],"robust,":[23],"there":[24],"exists":[25],"a":[26,115],"dearth":[27],"empirical":[29],"research":[30],"investigating":[31],"determinants":[33],"its":[35],"development.":[36],"Thus,":[37],"work":[39],"assesses":[40],"how":[41],"three":[42],"critical":[43],"factors:":[44],"natural":[45,156],"resource":[46],"abundance":[47,88],"(NR),":[48],"IT":[49,103],"infrastructure,":[50,104],"and":[51,77,108,129],"government":[52,106],"expenditure":[53],"levels":[54],"affect":[55],"development":[57,97,138],"(FD)":[58],"in":[59,98,131,139],"Africa":[61],"using":[62],"annual":[63],"data":[64],"from":[65,82,155],"1971":[66],"2020.":[68],"Preliminary":[69],"findings":[70,124],"show":[71],"that":[72,86,135],"series":[74],"are":[75,79,112,125,150],"integrated,":[76],"they":[78],"cointegrated.":[80],"Results":[81],"regression":[83],"analysis":[84],"suggest":[85],"NR":[90],"does":[91],"not":[92],"significantly":[93],"contribute":[94],"Africa.":[100,141],"Conversely,":[101],"advanced":[102],"larger":[105],"size,":[107],"openness":[109],"trade":[111],"associated":[113],"with":[114],"more":[116],"developed":[117],"implications":[121],"these":[123],"essential":[126],"for":[127],"policymakers":[128],"stakeholders":[130],"understanding":[132],"factors":[134],"drive":[136],"study":[143],"recommends":[144],"that,":[145],"among":[146],"others,":[147],"innovative":[148],"approaches":[149],"needed":[151],"channel":[153],"gains":[154],"resources":[157],"effectively":[158],"into":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2023-11-15T00:00:00"}
