{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388623219","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ppc47928.2023.10310822","title":"Cygnus Performance on Ten Subcritical Experiments*","display_name":"Cygnus Performance on Ten Subcritical Experiments*","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388623219","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ppc47928.2023.10310822"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ppc47928.2023.10310822","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ppc47928.2023.10310822","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ppc47928.2023.10310822","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607874","display_name":"IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference (PPC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference (PPC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1992914","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"J. Smith","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130431","display_name":"Nevada National Security Site","ror":"https://ror.org/037k8mg80","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I4210130431"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nevada National Security Sites,North Las Vegas,NV,USA,89030"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nevada National Security Sites,North Las Vegas,NV,USA,89030","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130431"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111008692","display_name":"Aldo Francis Augustine","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5876-4182","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5876-4182"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130431","display_name":"Nevada National Security Site","ror":"https://ror.org/037k8mg80","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I4210130431"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Augustine","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nevada National Security Sites,North Las Vegas,NV,USA,89030"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nevada National Security Sites,North Las Vegas,NV,USA,89030","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130431"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112491349","display_name":"Paul A. Flores","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2191-4009","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2191-4009"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130431","display_name":"Nevada National Security Site","ror":"https://ror.org/037k8mg80","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I4210130431"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Flores","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nevada National Security Sites,North Las Vegas,NV,USA,89030"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nevada National Security Sites,North Las Vegas,NV,USA,89030","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130431"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034920761","display_name":"Keith W. Hogge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1665-4171","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1665-4171"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130431","display_name":"Nevada National Security Site","ror":"https://ror.org/037k8mg80","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I4210130431"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Hogge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nevada National Security Sites,North Las Vegas,NV,USA,89030"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nevada National Security Sites,North Las Vegas,NV,USA,89030","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130431"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075161787","display_name":"Isiah D. Pohl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6853-5333","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6853-5333"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130431","display_name":"Nevada National Security Site","ror":"https://ror.org/037k8mg80","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I4210130431"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I. Pohl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nevada National Security Sites,North Las Vegas,NV,USA,89030"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nevada National Security Sites,North Las Vegas,NV,USA,89030","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130431"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093251793","display_name":"C. Spillers","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130431","display_name":"Nevada National Security Site","ror":"https://ror.org/037k8mg80","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I4210130431"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Spillers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nevada National Security Sites,North Las Vegas,NV,USA,89030"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nevada National Security Sites,North Las Vegas,NV,USA,89030","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130431"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"J. Taylor","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130431","display_name":"Nevada National Security Site","ror":"https://ror.org/037k8mg80","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I4210130431"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Taylor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nevada National Security Sites,North Las Vegas,NV,USA,89030"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nevada National Security Sites,North Las Vegas,NV,USA,89030","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130431"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"H. Truong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130431","display_name":"Nevada National Security Site","ror":"https://ror.org/037k8mg80","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I4210130431"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Truong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nevada National Security Sites,North Las Vegas,NV,USA,89030"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nevada National Security Sites,North Las Vegas,NV,USA,89030","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130431"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058943413","display_name":"Janine Vargas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8719-6795","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8719-6795"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130431","display_name":"Nevada National Security Site","ror":"https://ror.org/037k8mg80","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I4210130431"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Vargas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nevada National Security Sites,North Las Vegas,NV,USA,89030"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nevada National Security Sites,North Las Vegas,NV,USA,89030","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130431"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058243803","display_name":"Dana L. Duke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7161-7775","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7161-7775"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343871089","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I1343871089","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210120050"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Duke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Los Alamos National Laboratory,Los Alamos,NM,USA,87545"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Los Alamos National Laboratory,Los Alamos,NM,USA,87545","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109241120","display_name":"Michael Garcia","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104735","display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/01apwpt12","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Garcia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sandia National Laboratories,Mercury,NV,USA,89023"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sandia National Laboratories,Mercury,NV,USA,89023","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055509094","display_name":"Eugene C. Ormond","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4568-0014","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4568-0014"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104735","display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/01apwpt12","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Ormond","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sandia National Laboratories,Mercury,NV,USA,89023"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sandia National Laboratories,Mercury,NV,USA,89023","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043006271","display_name":"M. Parrales","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104735","display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/01apwpt12","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Parrales","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sandia National Laboratories,Mercury,NV,USA,89023"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sandia National Laboratories,Mercury,NV,USA,89023","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8963,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61612869,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11920","display_name":"Pulsed Power Technology Applications","score":0.7339000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11920","display_name":"Pulsed Power Technology Applications","score":0.7339000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11367","display_name":"Particle accelerators and beam dynamics","score":0.08349999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11949","display_name":"Nuclear Physics and Applications","score":0.03310000151395798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subcritical-experiments","display_name":"subcritical experiments","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/x-ray-dose-distribution","display_name":"X-ray dose distribution","score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reproducibility","display_name":"reproducibility","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nevada-test-site","display_name":"Nevada Test Site","score":0.6909999847412109}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5883099436759949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992734406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413267","display_name":"One shot","level":2,"score":0.5258334875106812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9893847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1425625","display_name":"Reproducibility","level":2,"score":0.509874701499939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4261014461517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3998180627822876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3383001983165741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.32981443405151367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22895944118499756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.18371757864952087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13146978616714478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.09260287880897522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ppc47928.2023.10310822","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ppc47928.2023.10310822","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ppc47928.2023.10310822","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607874","display_name":"IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference (PPC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference (PPC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1992914","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1992914","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1992914","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1992914","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1992914","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1992914","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388623219.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388623219.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1871986766","https://openalex.org/W1991930423","https://openalex.org/W2786462216"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4232434352","https://openalex.org/W2786468562","https://openalex.org/W7096476870","https://openalex.org/W4388624197","https://openalex.org/W1991262556","https://openalex.org/W2133628949","https://openalex.org/W1557072477","https://openalex.org/W1953501937","https://openalex.org/W2170553943","https://openalex.org/W4388624233"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,33],"Cygnus":[1,14,16,49,144,157],"Dual":[2],"Beam":[3],"Radiographic":[4],"Facility":[5],"includes":[6],"two":[7],"identical":[8],"radiographic":[9],"sources":[10],"-Cygnus":[11],"1":[12],"and":[13,81,101,115,120,142,173,183],"2.":[15],"is":[17,129,138],"the":[18,27,53,166,190],"radiography":[19],"source":[20],"used":[21],"in":[22,94],"Subcritical":[23],"Experiments":[24],"(SCEs)":[25],"at":[26,52],"Nevada":[28],"National":[29],"Security":[30],"Sites":[31],"(NNSS).":[32],"machine":[34],"specifications":[35],"are:":[36],"Electric":[37],"2.25MV,":[38],"60-kA,":[39],"60-ns;":[40],"Radiation":[41],"4-Rad,":[42],"1-mm,":[43],"50-ns;":[44],"Operation":[45],"single":[46,96],"shot,":[47,100],"2-shots/day.":[48],"has":[50,62],"operated":[51],"NNSS":[54],"since":[55],"February":[56],"2004.":[57],"In":[58,124,146],"this":[59,125,147],"period,":[60],"it":[61],"participated":[63],"on":[64,131],"ten":[65,191],"SCE":[66,84,99,110],"projects":[67,85],"-Armando,":[68],"Bacchus,":[69],"Barolo":[70,72],"A,":[71,78],"B,":[73,80],"Pollux,":[74],"Vega,":[75],"Ediza,":[76],"Nightshade":[77,79,82],"C.":[83],"typically":[86,102],"require":[87],"over":[88,104],"a":[89,95,105,151],"hundred":[90],"preparatory":[91],"shots":[92,111],"culminating":[93],"high-fidelity":[97],"or":[98],"take":[103],"year":[106],"for":[107,140,154,168,187],"completion.":[108],"Therefore,":[109],"are":[112],"high":[113,116],"risk":[114],"value":[117],"making":[118],"reliability":[119],"reproducibility":[121],"utmost":[122],"priority.":[123],"regard,":[126],"major":[127],"effort":[128],"focused":[130],"operational":[132],"performance.":[133,158],"A":[134],"quantitative":[135],"performance":[136],"measurement":[137],"valuable":[139],"tracking":[141],"maintaining":[143],"preparedness.":[145],"work,":[148],"we":[149],"present":[150],"new":[152],"model":[153,160],"analysis":[155],"of":[156,170,189],"This":[159],"uses":[161],"x-ray":[162],"dose":[163],"distribution":[164],"as":[165],"basis":[167],"calculation":[169],"Reliability,":[171],"Record,":[172],"Reproducibility.":[174],"It":[175],"will":[176],"be":[177],"applied":[178],"both":[179],"to":[180],"long-term":[181],"(historical)":[182],"short-term":[184],"(readiness)":[185],"periods":[186],"each":[188],"SCEs.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-26T11:51:55.731654","created_date":"2023-11-14T00:00:00"}