{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388570702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36348/gajeb.2023.v05i06.001","title":"Effect of Interest Rate Spread on Output Gap in Nigeria (A Var Granger Causality Analysis)","display_name":"Effect of Interest Rate Spread on Output Gap in Nigeria (A Var Granger Causality Analysis)","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388570702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36348/gajeb.2023.v05i06.001"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.36348/gajeb.2023.v05i06.001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36348/gajeb.2023.v05i06.001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.36348/gajeb.2023.v05i06.001","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.36348/gajeb.2023.v05i06.001","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210178395","display_name":"Global Academic Journal of Economics and Business","issn_l":"2706-9001","issn":["2706-9001","2707-2584"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Global Academic Journal of Economics and Business","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.36348/gajeb.2023.v05i06.001","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015242567","display_name":"Patricks Ogiji","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patricks Ogiji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Monetary Policy Department, Central Bank of Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Monetary Policy Department, Central Bank of Nigeria","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044437665","display_name":"Richard Umeokwobi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9559-2034","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9559-2034"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Umeokwobi Richard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Monetary Policy Department, Central Bank of Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Monetary Policy Department, Central Bank of Nigeria","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092235703","display_name":"Danjuma. S. Yusuf","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yusuf Danjuma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Monetary Policy Department, Central Bank of Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Monetary Policy Department, Central Bank of Nigeria","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"06","first_page":"141","last_page":"150"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10007","display_name":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10007","display_name":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11742","display_name":"Economic Theory and Policy","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13399","display_name":"Unemployment and Economic Growth","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interest-rate-spreads","display_name":"interest rate spreads","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/output-gap","display_name":"output gap","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granger-causality","display_name":"Granger causality","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/federal-government-expenditures","display_name":"federal government expenditures","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreign-direct-investment","display_name":"foreign direct investment","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inflation","display_name":"inflation","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nigerian-economy","display_name":"Nigerian economy","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monetary-policy","display_name":"monetary policy","score":0.9020000100135803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129824826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2630107","display_name":"Granger causality","level":2,"score":0.9072089195251465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.7484418749809265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175025494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179179","display_name":"Interest rate","level":2,"score":0.7009393572807312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200941418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273508","display_name":"Inflation (cosmology)","level":2,"score":0.610883355140686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133029050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q385593","display_name":"Vector autoregression","level":2,"score":0.5869869589805603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779513878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631916","display_name":"Output gap","level":3,"score":0.5799817442893982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64357122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149766","display_name":"Causality (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5734934210777283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33842695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490513","display_name":"Foreign direct investment","level":2,"score":0.4950851500034332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.4598267078399658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992690401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7257739","display_name":"Government expenditure","level":3,"score":0.43255841732025146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.37680137157440186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.34158700704574585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178283979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274490","display_name":"Public finance","level":2,"score":0.08555036783218384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.36348/gajeb.2023.v05i06.001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36348/gajeb.2023.v05i06.001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.36348/gajeb.2023.v05i06.001","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.36348/gajeb.2023.v05i06.001","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210178395","display_name":"Global Academic Journal of Economics and Business","issn_l":"2706-9001","issn":["2706-9001","2707-2584"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Global Academic Journal of Economics and Business","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.36348/gajeb.2023.v05i06.001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36348/gajeb.2023.v05i06.001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.36348/gajeb.2023.v05i06.001","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.36348/gajeb.2023.v05i06.001","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210178395","display_name":"Global Academic Journal of Economics and Business","issn_l":"2706-9001","issn":["2706-9001","2707-2584"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Global Academic Journal of Economics and Business","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.6452000141143799}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388570702.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388570702.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293719992","https://openalex.org/W2011438249","https://openalex.org/W1974081064","https://openalex.org/W2970412822","https://openalex.org/W2275226860","https://openalex.org/W7167930371","https://openalex.org/W3148370697","https://openalex.org/W3108938708","https://openalex.org/W6944171764","https://openalex.org/W1154381942"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"examines":[2],"the":[3,10,20,35,43,48,59],"effect":[4],"of":[5,13,37],"interest":[6,23,52],"rate":[7,24,53,91],"spread":[8,54],"on":[9,19],"output":[11,21,60,80,93],"gap":[12,61],"Nigeria":[14],"by":[15],"using":[16],"monthly":[17],"data":[18],"gap,":[22,94],"spread,":[25,92],"foreign":[26,71],"direct":[27,72],"investment,":[28,73],"federal":[29,68],"government":[30,69],"expenditure,":[31,70],"and":[32,74],"inflation":[33,75],"covering":[34],"period":[36],"M12010":[38],"to":[39],"M12":[40],"2022.":[41],"Employing":[42],"var":[44,95],"granger":[45,57,96],"causality":[46,97],"model,":[47],"result":[49],"shows":[50],"that":[51],"does":[55],"not":[56,77],"cause":[58],"in":[62],"Nigeria.":[63],"Also,":[64],"variables":[65],"such":[66],"as":[67],"do":[76],"granger-cause":[78],"Nigeria\u2019s":[79],"gap.":[81],"Given":[82],"these":[83],"findings,":[84],"policy":[85],"implications":[86],"were":[87],"derived.":[88],"Keywords:":[89],"Interest":[90],"test.":[98]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2023-11-11T00:00:00"}