{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388310827","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199638406.003.0008","title":"Microscopy and image analysis systems","display_name":"Microscopy and image analysis systems","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-04-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388310827","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199638406.003.0008"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/oso/9780199638406.003.0008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199638406.003.0008","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199638406.003.0008","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463708","display_name":"Oxford University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Cytogenetics: constitutional analysis","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388311003","display_name":"Human Cytogenetics: constitutional analysis"},"type":"book-chapter","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080529453","display_name":"Elaine R. Levy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6109-208X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6109-208X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1336263701","display_name":"Centre for Human Genetics","ror":"https://ror.org/01rjnta51","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1336263701","https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E R Levy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Molecular Cytogenetics and Microscopy Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford 0X3 7BN, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Molecular Cytogenetics and Microscopy Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford 0X3 7BN, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1336263701"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111589556","display_name":"E. J. Maher","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801179840","display_name":"Churchill Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/009vheq40","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801179840","https://openalex.org/I4210147381"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E J Maher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oxford Medical Genetics Laboratories, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Headington, Oxford 0X3 7LJ, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford Medical Genetics Laboratories, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Headington, Oxford 0X3 7LJ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801179840"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6078,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71287129,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"237","last_page":"258"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.38769999146461487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.38769999146461487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11517","display_name":"Advanced optical system design","score":0.19259999692440033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10540","display_name":"Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques","score":0.1517000049352646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compound-microscope","display_name":"compound microscope","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-microscopy","display_name":"optical microscopy","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluorescence-microscopy","display_name":"fluorescence microscopy","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microscope-resolution","display_name":"microscope resolution","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-contrast","display_name":"image contrast","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnification","display_name":"magnification","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lens-systems","display_name":"lens systems","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microscope-maintenance","display_name":"microscope maintenance","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytogenetics","display_name":"cytogenetics","score":0.8220000267028809}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4144372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q675287","display_name":"Magnification","level":2,"score":0.8810990452766418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67649825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196538","display_name":"Microscope","level":2,"score":0.7873226404190063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15336307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1766051","display_name":"Lens (geology)","level":2,"score":0.6467583179473877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138268822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051925","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.6150155663490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5522491931915283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.5303502678871155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.50364750623703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48469972610473633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147080431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074953","display_name":"Microscopy","level":2,"score":0.4754702150821686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4706748425960541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.41192683577537537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.15837660431861877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/oso/9780199638406.003.0008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199638406.003.0008","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199638406.003.0008","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463708","display_name":"Oxford University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Cytogenetics: constitutional analysis","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W167206871","https://openalex.org/W4235102135","https://openalex.org/W4238182828","https://openalex.org/W2477594688","https://openalex.org/W4416288941","https://openalex.org/W1559958898","https://openalex.org/W4232324092","https://openalex.org/W4386784313","https://openalex.org/W4416288461","https://openalex.org/W4301603481"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,90],"microscope":[2,18,82],"is":[3,14,95],"one":[4],"of":[5,23,76,87,92,110],"the":[6,17,24,39,44,51,59,67,74,81,88,101,108],"most":[7],"important":[8],"tools":[9],"for":[10,100],"a":[11],"cytogeneticist.":[12],"It":[13],"essential":[15],"that":[16,73],"provides":[19],"contrast":[20,56],"and":[21,30,113,117,124],"resolution":[22,50],"sample,":[25],"along":[26],"with":[27],"suitable":[28],"magnification,":[29],"to":[31,57,61,96,103,106,118,121],"achieve":[32],"these,":[33],"three":[34],"criteria":[35],"must":[36,42,53,69],"be":[37,70,104,119],"met:":[38],"lens":[40],"system":[41],"reveal":[43],"required":[45],"detail,":[46],"i.e.":[47],"provide":[48,97],"adequate":[49],"image":[52,75],"have":[54],"sufficient":[55,71],"allow":[58],"eye":[60],"distinguish":[62],"what":[63],"has":[64],"been":[65],"resolved":[66,79],"magnification":[68],"so":[72],"separate":[77,85],"points":[78],"by":[80],"fall":[83],"upon":[84],"cones":[86],"retina.":[89],"aim":[91],"this":[93],"chapter":[94],"enough":[98],"information":[99],"beginner":[102],"able":[105,120],"understand":[107],"workings":[109],"both":[111],"light":[112],"fluorescence":[114],"compound":[115],"microscopes,":[116],"set":[122],"up":[123],"maintain":[125],"them.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2023-11-04T00:00:00"}