{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388297465","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199634996.003.0001","title":"An introduction to the growth cycle of human immunodeficiency virus","display_name":"An introduction to the growth cycle of human immunodeficiency virus","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388297465","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199634996.003.0001"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/oso/9780199634996.003.0001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199634996.003.0001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199634996.003.0001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463708","display_name":"Oxford University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"HIV","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388297439","display_name":"HIV"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049581015","display_name":"Jonathan Karn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2900-094X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2900-094X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J Karn","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049581015"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.35638298,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10112","display_name":"HIV Research and Treatment","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10112","display_name":"HIV Research and Treatment","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10526","display_name":"HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12159","display_name":"T-cell and Retrovirus Studies","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv","display_name":"HIV","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viral-life-cycle","display_name":"viral life cycle","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reverse-transcription","display_name":"reverse transcription","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proviral-integration","display_name":"proviral integration","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transcriptional-regulation","display_name":"transcriptional regulation","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viral-gene-expression","display_name":"viral gene expression","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virus-assembly","display_name":"viral assembly","score":0.5789999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retroviruses","display_name":"retroviruses","score":0.5590000152587891}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.7674216628074646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25897203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241872","display_name":"Viral life cycle","level":4,"score":0.6538218259811401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141231307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7020","display_name":"Genome","level":3,"score":0.5929725170135498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.565095067024231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.5537558197975159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67705224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11053","display_name":"RNA","level":3,"score":0.518310010433197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552990157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430","display_name":"DNA","level":2,"score":0.511214017868042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.511048436164856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.47794604301452637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29537977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188941","display_name":"Cell cycle","level":3,"score":0.43979668617248535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.4280818700790405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140704245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3933202","display_name":"Viral replication","level":3,"score":0.41822001338005066}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/oso/9780199634996.003.0001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199634996.003.0001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199634996.003.0001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463708","display_name":"Oxford University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"HIV","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4412693850","https://openalex.org/W2421706181","https://openalex.org/W4386613574","https://openalex.org/W4253891548","https://openalex.org/W75418167","https://openalex.org/W1979989142","https://openalex.org/W2494653743","https://openalex.org/W2395021467","https://openalex.org/W4388300658","https://openalex.org/W4388244487"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,64,85],"major":[2],"biochemical":[3],"steps":[4],"in":[5,10,39,105],"virus":[6,83],"growth":[7],"are":[8],"shown":[9],"Figure":[11],"1.":[12],"Soon":[13],"after":[14],"infection":[15],"of":[16,67,73,82],"the":[17,19,32,40,44,53,68,74,96,106],"cells,":[18],"viral":[20,75,107],"RNA":[21],"genome":[22,46],"is":[23,47,89],"reverse":[24],"transcribed":[25],"into":[26],"a":[27],"DNA":[28],"copy,":[29],"transported":[30],"to":[31,49,91,95],"nucleus,":[33],"and":[34,77,80,102],"integrated":[35],"at":[36],"random":[37],"sites":[38],"chromosome.":[41],"Once":[42],"integrated,":[43],"proviral":[45],"subject":[48],"transcriptional":[50,61],"regulation":[51],"by":[52,100],"host":[54],"cell,":[55],"as":[56,58],"well":[57],"its":[59],"own":[60],"control":[62],"mechanisms.":[63],"later":[65],"stages":[66],"life":[69,108],"cycle":[70],"involve":[71],"expression":[72],"genes":[76],"eventual":[78],"assembly":[79],"release":[81],"particles.":[84],"following":[86],"informal":[87],"summary":[88],"intended":[90],"provide":[92],"an":[93],"introduction":[94],"gene":[97],"products":[98],"encoded":[99],"HIV":[101],"their":[103],"roles":[104],"cycle.":[109]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2023-11-04T00:00:00"}