{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388206012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6660983","title":"Automation of Legal Precedents Retrieval: Findings from a Literature Review","display_name":"Automation of Legal Precedents Retrieval: Findings from a Literature Review","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388206012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6660983"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2023/6660983","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6660983","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6660983","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ijis/2023/6660983.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57950554","display_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0884-8173","issn":["0884-8173","1098-111X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ccf-c","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ijis/2023/6660983.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006659521","display_name":"Hugo Mentzingen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8538-1727","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8538-1727"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/02xankh89","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hugo Mentzingen","raw_affiliation_strings":["NOVA Information Management School (NOVA IMS), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Campolide, Lisbon 1070-312","NOVA Information Management School (NOVA IMS), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Campolide, Lisbon 1070-312, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8538-1727","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NOVA Information Management School (NOVA IMS), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Campolide, Lisbon 1070-312","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NOVA Information Management School (NOVA IMS), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Campolide, Lisbon 1070-312, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043008759","display_name":"Nuno Ant\u00f3nio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4801-2487","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4801-2487"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/02xankh89","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nuno Ant\u00f3nio","raw_affiliation_strings":["NOVA Information Management School (NOVA IMS), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Campolide, Lisbon 1070-312","NOVA Information Management School (NOVA IMS), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Campolide, Lisbon 1070-312, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4801-2487","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NOVA Information Management School (NOVA IMS), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Campolide, Lisbon 1070-312","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NOVA Information Management School (NOVA IMS), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Campolide, Lisbon 1070-312, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053763560","display_name":"Fernando Ba\u00e7\u00e3o","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0834-0275","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0834-0275"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/02xankh89","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fernando Bacao","raw_affiliation_strings":["NOVA Information Management School (NOVA IMS), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Campolide, Lisbon 1070-312","NOVA Information Management School (NOVA IMS), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Campolide, Lisbon 1070-312, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0834-0275","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NOVA Information Management School (NOVA IMS), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Campolide, Lisbon 1070-312","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NOVA Information Management School (NOVA IMS), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Campolide, Lisbon 1070-312, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006659521"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2500},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2500},"fwci":24.6698,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99538217,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2023","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/case-based-reasoning","display_name":"case-based reasoning","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/judicial-decision-making","display_name":"judicial decision-making","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-text-mining","display_name":"legal text mining","score":0.49399998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-engineering","display_name":"knowledge engineering","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-gap","display_name":"research gaps","score":0.3479999899864197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6856831312179565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178300618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1898509","display_name":"Extant taxon","level":2,"score":0.6745545864105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.613549530506134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6037789583206177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5983878374099731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.5786381363868713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.5514621734619141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.3471909761428833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.33238470554351807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1538861095905304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2023/6660983","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6660983","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6660983","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ijis/2023/6660983.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57950554","display_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0884-8173","issn":["0884-8173","1098-111X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ccf-c","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2292464/v2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2292464/v2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2292464/v2","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-2292464/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2292464/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2292464/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2292464/v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:run.unl.pt:10362/159427","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85176450274","pdf_url":"https://run.unl.pt/bitstream/10362/159427/1/Automation_of_Legal_Precedents_Retrieval_Findings_from_a_Literature_Review_Published_Version.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402433","display_name":"Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"review"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2023/6660983","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6660983","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6660983","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ijis/2023/6660983.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57950554","display_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0884-8173","issn":["0884-8173","1098-111X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ccf-c","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4320854106","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UIDB/04152/2020 - Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Gest\u00e3o de Informa\u00e7\u00e3o (MagIC)/NOVA IMS","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6143010816","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UIDB/04152","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G84549046","display_name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Gest\u00e3o de Informa\u00e7\u00e3o","funder_award_id":"UIDB/04152/2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00snfqn58"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388206012.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388206012.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":102,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W109933321","https://openalex.org/W162817087","https://openalex.org/W201491847","https://openalex.org/W316316899","https://openalex.org/W368469426","https://openalex.org/W1491150152","https://openalex.org/W1521626219","https://openalex.org/W1548859180","https://openalex.org/W1575099032","https://openalex.org/W1599819604","https://openalex.org/W1681471966","https://openalex.org/W1767272795","https://openalex.org/W1963480270","https://openalex.org/W1974448158","https://openalex.org/W1985697096","https://openalex.org/W1988680150","https://openalex.org/W2011316522","https://openalex.org/W2020517838","https://openalex.org/W2024458865","https://openalex.org/W2025854349","https://openalex.org/W2033227940","https://openalex.org/W2046408161","https://openalex.org/W2063446341","https://openalex.org/W2078294512","https://openalex.org/W2082812513","https://openalex.org/W2092255211","https://openalex.org/W2092528912","https://openalex.org/W2093297885","https://openalex.org/W2095601341","https://openalex.org/W2097794246","https://openalex.org/W2098705950","https://openalex.org/W2105157020","https://openalex.org/W2108745122","https://openalex.org/W2117519305","https://openalex.org/W2128521126","https://openalex.org/W2131744502","https://openalex.org/W2133820845","https://openalex.org/W2136038431","https://openalex.org/W2138487969","https://openalex.org/W2143646152","https://openalex.org/W2144211451","https://openalex.org/W2151373442","https://openalex.org/W2153579005","https://openalex.org/W2156100542","https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2178449955","https://openalex.org/W2181347294","https://openalex.org/W2182782760","https://openalex.org/W2242464395","https://openalex.org/W2403003167","https://openalex.org/W2418933540","https://openalex.org/W2468996569","https://openalex.org/W2490760700","https://openalex.org/W2496830668","https://openalex.org/W2503728076","https://openalex.org/W2546519383","https://openalex.org/W2558636163","https://openalex.org/W2604977399","https://openalex.org/W2622608931","https://openalex.org/W2626778328","https://openalex.org/W2735118820","https://openalex.org/W2746763060","https://openalex.org/W2759190001","https://openalex.org/W2785152206","https://openalex.org/W2793262733","https://openalex.org/W2794984998","https://openalex.org/W2795236445","https://openalex.org/W2798812533","https://openalex.org/W2905481045","https://openalex.org/W2952389066","https://openalex.org/W2960666020","https://openalex.org/W2964314256","https://openalex.org/W2981123275","https://openalex.org/W3000429004","https://openalex.org/W3003702404","https://openalex.org/W3003989174","https://openalex.org/W3006600580","https://openalex.org/W3011574394","https://openalex.org/W3080951367","https://openalex.org/W3090556797","https://openalex.org/W3092985072","https://openalex.org/W3113526370","https://openalex.org/W3119409427","https://openalex.org/W3124848065","https://openalex.org/W3124923911","https://openalex.org/W3139898883","https://openalex.org/W3146561974","https://openalex.org/W3149778443","https://openalex.org/W3152332785","https://openalex.org/W3172951953","https://openalex.org/W3184955627","https://openalex.org/W3202086627","https://openalex.org/W3204296458","https://openalex.org/W4212937970","https://openalex.org/W4214717426","https://openalex.org/W4231109964","https://openalex.org/W4237791300","https://openalex.org/W4252076394","https://openalex.org/W4297811485","https://openalex.org/W4300069470","https://openalex.org/W4301055875","https://openalex.org/W4302406241"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4309912626","https://openalex.org/W4297811485","https://openalex.org/W4396920975","https://openalex.org/W7168320281","https://openalex.org/W4318713339","https://openalex.org/W7208721205","https://openalex.org/W4407797263","https://openalex.org/W4415649393","https://openalex.org/W3185569888","https://openalex.org/W2974742939"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Judges":[1],"frequently":[2],"rely":[3],"their":[4],"reasoning":[5,47],"on":[6,16,69],"precedents.":[7],"Courts":[8],"must":[9],"preserve":[10],"uniformity":[11],"in":[12,60],"decisions":[13],"while,":[14],"depending":[15],"the":[17,58,62,70,78,131,141],"legal":[18,65],"system,":[19],"previous":[20,32],"cases":[21,33],"compel":[22],"rulings.":[23],"The":[24],"search":[25],"for":[26,43,153,166],"methods":[27],"to":[28,45,77,129],"accurately":[29],"identify":[30],"similar":[31],"is":[34,121],"not":[35],"new":[36],"and":[37,91,100,110,117,137,150,163],"has":[38,105],"been":[39],"a":[40,54,161,164],"vital":[41],"input,":[42],"example,":[44],"case-based":[46],"(CBR)":[48],"methodologies.":[49],"This":[50],"literature":[51],"review":[52,125,157],"offers":[53],"comprehensive":[55],"analysis":[56],"of":[57,64,80,140],"advancements":[59],"automating":[61],"identification":[63],"precedents,":[66],"primarily":[67],"focusing":[68],"paradigm":[71],"shift":[72],"from":[73],"Manual":[74],"Knowledge":[75],"Engineering":[76],"incorporation":[79],"Artificial":[81],"Intelligence":[82],"(AI)":[83],"technologies":[84],"such":[85],"as":[86,107,159],"Natural":[87],"Language":[88],"Processing":[89],"(NLP)":[90],"Machine":[92],"Learning":[93],"(ML).":[94],"While":[95],"multiple":[96],"approaches":[97],"harnessing":[98],"NLP":[99],"ML":[101],"show":[102],"promise,":[103],"none":[104],"emerged":[106],"definitively":[108],"superior,":[109],"further":[111],"validation":[112],"through":[113],"statistically":[114],"significant":[115],"samples":[116],"expert-provided":[118],"ground":[119],"truth":[120],"imperative.":[122],"Additionally,":[123],"this":[124,156],"employs":[126],"text-mining":[127],"techniques":[128],"streamline":[130],"survey":[132],"process,":[133],"providing":[134],"an":[135],"accurate":[136],"holistic":[138],"view":[139],"current":[142],"research":[143,148],"landscape.":[144],"By":[145],"delineating":[146],"extant":[147],"gaps":[149],"suggesting":[151],"avenues":[152],"future":[154],"exploration,":[155],"serves":[158],"both":[160],"summation":[162],"call":[165],"more":[167],"targeted,":[168],"empirical":[169],"investigations.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2023-11-02T00:00:00"}
