{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388099022","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5040/9798400671456","title":"International Law and the Use of Force","display_name":"International Law and the Use of Force","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388099022","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5040/9798400671456"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5040/9798400671456","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5040/9798400671456","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400671456","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"book"},"volume":null,"type":"book","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083059699","display_name":"Shirley V. Scott","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2771-1083","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2771-1083"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shirley V. Scott","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055586826","display_name":"Anthony Billingsley","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony John Billingsley","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069235818","display_name":"Christopher Michaelsen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Michaelsen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.5355,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":119,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97968285,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10749","display_name":"International Law and Human Rights","score":0.9585000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10749","display_name":"International Law and Human Rights","score":0.9585000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12957","display_name":"War, Ethics, and Justification","score":0.032099999487400055,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12752","display_name":"Global Peace and Security Dynamics","score":0.006500000134110451,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/use-of-force","display_name":"use of force","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-law","display_name":"international law","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/united-nations-charter","display_name":"UN Charter","score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-defense","display_name":"self-defense","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anticipatory-self-defense","display_name":"anticipatory self-defense","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preemptive-self-defense","display_name":"preemptive self-defense","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrorism","display_name":"terrorism","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aggression","display_name":"aggression","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/united-nations-security-council","display_name":"UN Security Council","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jus-ad-bellum","display_name":"jus ad bellum","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/just-war-theory","display_name":"just war theory","score":0.35199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-peace-and-security","display_name":"international peace and security","score":0.4959999918937683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42027317","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2307054","display_name":"Principle of legality","level":2,"score":0.906350314617157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776729102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q971119","display_name":"Use of force","level":3,"score":0.7613970041275024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.6327130794525146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55447825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4394526","display_name":"International law","level":2,"score":0.6266463994979858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.6086676716804504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777596936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727002","display_name":"Charter","level":2,"score":0.5713775157928467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203133693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7283","display_name":"Terrorism","level":2,"score":0.5276449918746948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.4984569549560547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8705443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8009938","display_name":"Municipal law","level":3,"score":0.418760746717453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779633737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171328","display_name":"United Nations Charter","level":4,"score":0.41303712129592896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.1460707187652588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991800021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37470","display_name":"Security council","level":3,"score":0.12680989503860474}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5040/9798400671456","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5040/9798400671456","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400671456","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"book"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4242537802","https://openalex.org/W7053268713","https://openalex.org/W4240079690","https://openalex.org/W633091598","https://openalex.org/W7006652483","https://openalex.org/W4237289834","https://openalex.org/W1797405073","https://openalex.org/W4210512935","https://openalex.org/W4210522466","https://openalex.org/W2793700645"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"book":[1,152],"is":[2],"a":[3,41,174],"discussion":[4],"of":[5,16,23,31,44,55,62,69,78,85,90,105,108,116,119,122,146,166],"key":[6,120],"documents":[7,100],"that":[8,70,160],"explain":[9],"the":[10,17,21,29,50,56,60,63,73,79,83,103,106,117,144,147,157,164,172],"development,":[11],"current":[12],"status,":[13],"and":[14,28,35,53,66,96,124,138,143],"relevance":[15],"international":[18,158],"law":[19,71,159],"governing":[20],"initiation":[22,107],"military":[24,109],"hostilities.":[25,110],"International":[26],"Law":[27],"Use":[30],"Force:":[32],"A":[33],"Documentary":[34],"Reference":[36],"Guide":[37],"brings":[38],"to":[39,102,135,162],"life":[40],"crucial":[42],"body":[43],"law,":[45],"explaining":[46],"its":[47],"historical":[48],"origins,":[49],"core":[51],"rules":[52],"principles":[54],"regime":[57],"embodied":[58],"in":[59,72,82,169],"Charter":[61],"United":[64],"Nations,":[65],"contentious":[67],"aspects":[68],"contemporary":[74],"world.":[75],"In":[76],"light":[77],"intensified":[80],"interest":[81],"question":[84],"justified":[86],"or":[87],"unjustified":[88],"use":[89],"force,":[91],"this":[92],"timely":[93],"resource":[94],"introduces":[95],"analyzes":[97],"over":[98],"40":[99],"relating":[101],"legality":[104,118],"The":[111,151],"volume":[112],"presents":[113],"competing":[114],"assessments":[115],"uses":[121],"force":[123],"explains":[125],"mainstream":[126],"positions":[127],"on":[128],"important":[129],"issues":[130],"such":[131],"as":[132],"national":[133],"right":[134],"self-defense,":[136,140],"anticipatory":[137],"preemptive":[139],"terrorism,":[141],"aggression,":[142],"role":[145],"UN":[148],"Security":[149],"Council.":[150],"concludes":[153],"by":[154],"assessing":[155],"whether":[156],"seeks":[161],"limit":[163],"number":[165],"wars":[167],"has":[168],"fact":[170],"made":[171],"world":[173],"more":[175],"peaceful":[176],"place.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2023-11-01T00:00:00"}
