{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388090568","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195078244.003.0005","title":"Comparative Economic Organization: The Analysis of Discrete Structural Alternatives","display_name":"Comparative Economic Organization: The Analysis of Discrete Structural Alternatives","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-02-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388090568","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195078244.003.0005"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/oso/9780195078244.003.0005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195078244.003.0005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195078244.003.0005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463708","display_name":"Oxford University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Mechanisms Of Governance","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1566269525","display_name":"The Mechanisms Of Governance"},"type":"book-chapter","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073888216","display_name":"Oliver E. Williamson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Oliver E Williamson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073888216"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.1962,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":206,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98921122,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"93","last_page":"119"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10785","display_name":"Economic Theory and Institutions","score":0.9613999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10785","display_name":"Economic Theory and Institutions","score":0.9613999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11912","display_name":"Outsourcing and Supply Chain Management","score":0.026000000536441803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11762","display_name":"Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems","score":0.010400000028312206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transaction-cost-economics","display_name":"transaction cost economics","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transaction-costs","display_name":"transaction costs","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-analysis","display_name":"institutional analysis","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-alternatives","display_name":"structural alternatives","score":0.5889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-economics","display_name":"information economics","score":0.5619999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"game theory","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agency-theory","display_name":"agency theory","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-ecology","display_name":"population ecology","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-performance","display_name":"economic performance","score":0.703000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98965940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877496","display_name":"Transaction cost","level":2,"score":0.8627755641937256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780339515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3074698","display_name":"Arrow","level":2,"score":0.763018786907196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116006206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1420933","display_name":"New institutional economics","level":2,"score":0.6116456985473633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985697011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economic analysis","level":2,"score":0.6028486490249634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108170787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951828","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.589234471321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144559511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2986279","display_name":"Principal (computer security)","level":2,"score":0.5405814051628113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5138049721717834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.46868470311164856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177821555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1118654","display_name":"Institutional economics","level":2,"score":0.445513516664505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.4359768033027649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.43551063537597656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.43126511573791504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200707436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053211","display_name":"Principal\u2013agent problem","level":3,"score":0.4200451672077179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.3893764615058899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.37593957781791687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.23317578434944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133425853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60571","display_name":"Neoclassical economics","level":1,"score":0.23058423399925232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.12468284368515015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167562979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q271857","display_name":"Classical economics","level":1,"score":0.10039275884628296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08107200264930725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.08097121119499207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.07642292976379395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/oso/9780195078244.003.0005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195078244.003.0005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195078244.003.0005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463708","display_name":"Oxford University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Mechanisms Of Governance","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1900899936","https://openalex.org/W4250716721","https://openalex.org/W4408510456","https://openalex.org/W2193567231","https://openalex.org/W1541314242","https://openalex.org/W4244107309","https://openalex.org/W1972698480","https://openalex.org/W2374462670","https://openalex.org/W1595067803","https://openalex.org/W6903727271"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Although":[1],"microeconomic":[2],"organization":[3,69,85,88],"is":[4,81],"formidably":[5],"complex":[6],"and":[7,37,55],"has":[8,14,35],"long":[9],"resisted":[10],"systematic":[11],"analysis,":[12],"that":[13],"been":[15],"changing":[16],"as":[17,25,38],"new":[18],"modes":[19,43],"of":[20,27,30,41,44,67,75,103,107,114],"analysis":[21,45,104],"have":[22,46,58],"become":[23,47],"available,":[24],"recognition":[26],"the":[28,39,65,100,112,116],"importance":[29],"institutions":[31],"to":[32,95],"economic":[33,68,84,117],"performance":[34],"grown,":[36],"limits":[40],"earlier":[42],"evident.":[48],"Information":[49],"economics,":[50],"game":[51],"theory,":[52,54],"agency":[53],"population":[56],"ecology":[57],"all":[59],"made":[60],"significant":[61],"advances.This":[62],"chapter":[63],"approaches":[64],"study":[66],"from":[70],"a":[71],"comparative":[72],"institutional":[73],"point":[74],"view":[76],"in":[77,93],"which":[78],"transaction-cost":[79],"economizing":[80],"featured.":[82],"Comparative":[83],"never":[86],"examines":[87],"forms":[89],"separately":[90],"but":[91],"always":[92],"relation":[94],"alternatives.":[96],"Transaction-cost":[97],"economics":[98],"places":[99],"principal":[101],"burden":[102],"on":[105],"comparisons":[106],"transaction":[108],"costs-which,":[109],"broadly,":[110],"are":[111],"\u201ccosts":[113],"running":[115],"system\u201d":[118],"(Arrow,":[119],"1969,":[120],"p.":[121],"48).":[122]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2023-11-01T00:00:00"}