{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388039720","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/africon55910.2023.10293714","title":"Effect of the Variation of Atmospheric Refractive Index on Signal Transmission for Digital Terrestrial Television in Jos, Nigeria","display_name":"Effect of the Variation of Atmospheric Refractive Index on Signal Transmission for Digital Terrestrial Television in Jos, Nigeria","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388039720","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/africon55910.2023.10293714"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/africon55910.2023.10293714","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/africon55910.2023.10293714","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/africon55910.2023.10293714","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407088288","display_name":"IEEE AFRICON","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE AFRICON","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004734469","display_name":"J. T. Zhimwang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8826-4216","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8826-4216"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800190170","display_name":"Federal University Lokoja","ror":"https://ror.org/018ced875","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800190170"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jangfa T. Zhimwang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University,Department of Physics,Lokoja,Nigeria","Department of Physics, Federal University, Lokoja, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University,Department of Physics,Lokoja,Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800190170"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Federal University, Lokoja, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800190170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053739527","display_name":"Enoh Pius Ogherohwo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4859-0314","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4859-0314"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161374704","display_name":"University of Jos","ror":"https://ror.org/009kx9832","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161374704"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enoh P. Ogherohwo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Jos,Department of Physics,Jos,Nigeria","Department of Physics, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Jos,Department of Physics,Jos,Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161374704"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161374704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048643105","display_name":"Akintunde Ayodeji Alonge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4319-7881","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4319-7881"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24027795","display_name":"University of Johannesburg","ror":"https://ror.org/04z6c2n17","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akintunde A. Alonge","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Johannesburg,Dept of Electrical Engineering Tech,Johannesburg,South Africa","Dept of Electrical Engineering Tech, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Johannesburg,Dept of Electrical Engineering Tech,Johannesburg,South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept of Electrical Engineering Tech, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002579327","display_name":"Agbalagba O. Ezekiel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891860020","display_name":"Federal University of Petroleum Resource Effurun","ror":"https://ror.org/04ndqkb04","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891860020"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Agbalagba O. Ezekiel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fed. Uni of Petroleum Resources,Department of Physics,Effurun,Nigeria","Department of Physics, Fed. Uni of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fed. Uni of Petroleum Resources,Department of Physics,Effurun,Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891860020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Fed. Uni of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891860020"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080884681","display_name":"Shaka O. Samuel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193555791","display_name":"Delta State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ty8dh37","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193555791"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaka O. Samuel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delta State University,Department of Science Lab Tech.,Abraka,Nigeria","Department of Science Lab Tech., Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delta State University,Department of Science Lab Tech.,Abraka,Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193555791"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Science Lab Tech., Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193555791"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.3237,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97695968,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13905","display_name":"Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technologies","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-refractive-index","display_name":"atmospheric refractive index","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-terrestrial-television","display_name":"digital terrestrial television","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-strength","display_name":"signal strength","score":0.5379999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"fading","score":0.5130000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"multipath propagation","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-interference","display_name":"atmospheric interference","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature","display_name":"temperature","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relative-humidity","display_name":"relative humidity","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-pressure","display_name":"atmospheric pressure","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/itu-recommendations","display_name":"ITU recommendations","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jos-nigeria","display_name":"Jos, Nigeria","score":0.5789999961853027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.6011317372322083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42067758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174102","display_name":"Refractive index","level":2,"score":0.5598874688148499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5398802757263184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200239111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81809","display_name":"Atmospheric pressure","level":2,"score":0.4582587480545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.45295676589012146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.4334373474121094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.42744481563568115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.37485843896865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.35473817586898804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.32495105266571045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.32421180605888367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.263660728931427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2607106566429138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2597537934780121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.20927110314369202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.11209991574287415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/africon55910.2023.10293714","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/africon55910.2023.10293714","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/africon55910.2023.10293714","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407088288","display_name":"IEEE AFRICON","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE AFRICON","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W42026830","https://openalex.org/W205654059","https://openalex.org/W628987372","https://openalex.org/W1599202259","https://openalex.org/W1978772837","https://openalex.org/W2070152573","https://openalex.org/W2099729126","https://openalex.org/W2104310451","https://openalex.org/W2115558121","https://openalex.org/W2127336134","https://openalex.org/W2205726983","https://openalex.org/W2224462632","https://openalex.org/W2597070698","https://openalex.org/W2740861250","https://openalex.org/W2906753070","https://openalex.org/W2943171127","https://openalex.org/W3041011261","https://openalex.org/W3118427924","https://openalex.org/W3136123403","https://openalex.org/W4226027575","https://openalex.org/W4283317272","https://openalex.org/W4285255582","https://openalex.org/W4291826513","https://openalex.org/W6791397807"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3136123403","https://openalex.org/W3205926082","https://openalex.org/W4411969939","https://openalex.org/W4407061163","https://openalex.org/W4407026890","https://openalex.org/W2802729895","https://openalex.org/W6911357461","https://openalex.org/W2809357614","https://openalex.org/W4380482824","https://openalex.org/W2270065932"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"the":[3,6,49,71,76,86,172,181],"effect":[4],"of":[5,8,21,51,78,96,162],"variation":[7,69,174],"atmospheric":[9,25,34,72,79,149],"refractive":[10,80,145],"index":[11,146],"on":[12,59],"digital":[13,88],"terrestrial":[14,89],"television":[15,90],"signal":[16,22,163,169,177],"is":[17],"examined.":[18],"Combined":[19],"measurements":[20],"strength":[23,164,178],"and":[24,33,42,56,135,155,165],"parameters":[26,73],"-":[27,36],"such":[28,152],"as":[29,100,153],"temperature,":[30],"relative":[31],"humidity":[32],"pressure":[35],"were":[37,54],"obtained":[38,47,66],"using":[39],"network":[40],"analyzer":[41],"weather":[43],"station":[44],"respectively.":[45],"Data":[46],"over":[48],"period":[50],"twelve":[52],"months":[53,182],"processed":[55],"analyzed":[57],"based":[58],"International":[60],"Telecommunication":[61],"Union":[62],"(ITU)":[63],"recommendations.":[64],"Results":[65],"revealed":[67],"mild":[68],"in":[70,75,83,144,160,168,175],"resulting":[74],"fluctuation":[77],"index,":[81],"which":[82],"turn":[84],"affects":[85],"transmitted":[87],"(DTT)":[91],"signal.":[92],"A":[93],"monthly":[94],"summary":[95],"these":[97],"variations":[98],"are":[99],"thus:":[101],"from":[102],"January":[103],"(63.82dBuVm),":[104],"February":[105],"(55.81":[106],"dBuV/m),":[107,110,113,116,119,122,125,128,131],"March":[108],"(59.99":[109],"April":[111],"(62.39":[112],"May":[114],"(56.31":[115],"June":[117],"(54.54":[118],"July":[120],"(49.66":[121],"August":[123],"(50.80":[124],"September":[126],"(51.64":[127],"October":[129],"(51.00":[130],"November":[132],"(56.34":[133],"dBuV/m)":[134],"December":[136],"(60.51":[137],"dBuV/m).":[138],"It":[139],"was":[140],"discovered":[141],"that":[142],"fluctuations":[143],"contribute":[147],"to":[148],"interference":[150],"effects":[151],"fading":[154],"multipath":[156],"propagation.":[157],"This":[158],"results":[159],"loss":[161],"increased":[166],"errors":[167],"reception,":[170],"hence,":[171],"observed":[173],"received":[176],"for":[179],"all":[180],"under":[183],"review.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2023-11-01T00:00:00"}