{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388038524","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad0862","title":"Atmospheric elemental carbon pollution and its regional health disparities in China","display_name":"Atmospheric elemental carbon pollution and its regional health disparities in China","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388038524","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad0862","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39036363","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11259311"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ad0862","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad0862","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad0862","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S139338987","display_name":"Environmental Research Letters","issn_l":"1748-9326","issn":["1748-9326"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environmental Research Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad0862","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027110619","display_name":"Yun Hang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3240-2149","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3240-2149"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun Hang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States of America","Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, 201 Dowman Dr, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322-1007, UNITED STATES"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, 201 Dowman Dr, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322-1007, UNITED STATES","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013523273","display_name":"Xia Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0751-1722","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0751-1722"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xia Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China","School of Public Health, Fudan University, 220 Handan Rd, Yangpu District, Shanghai, Shanghai, 200437, CHINA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health, Fudan University, 220 Handan Rd, Yangpu District, Shanghai, Shanghai, 200437, CHINA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101243425","display_name":"Yuzhi Xi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuzhi Xi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States of America","Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, 201 Dowman Dr, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322-1007, UNITED STATES"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, 201 Dowman Dr, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322-1007, UNITED STATES","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101951346","display_name":"Danlu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9233-2162","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9233-2162"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danlu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States of America","Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, 201 Dowman Dr, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322-1007, UNITED STATES"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, 201 Dowman Dr, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322-1007, UNITED STATES","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056996784","display_name":"Xiuran Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6291-1756","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6291-1756"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiuran Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States of America","Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, 201 Dowman Dr, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322-1007, UNITED STATES"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, 201 Dowman Dr, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322-1007, UNITED STATES","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027695369","display_name":"Fengchao Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2088-0722","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2088-0722"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fengchao Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China","Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd, Shenzhen, 518055, CHINA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd, Shenzhen, 518055, CHINA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029356508","display_name":"Hezhong Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3638-8495","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3638-8495"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hezhong Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China","Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinwai Ave, Beijing, 100875, CHINA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinwai Ave, Beijing, 100875, CHINA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100393751","display_name":"Tiantian Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-3917","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-3917","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5346-3322"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184490438","display_name":"Chinese Center For Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/04wktzw65","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184490438","https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tiantian Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China","Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Beijing, 102206, CHINA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184490438"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Beijing, 102206, CHINA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184490438"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062855658","display_name":"Tijian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9599-3874","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9599-3874"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tijian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China","Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, CHINA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, CHINA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000320455","display_name":"Junji Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1000-7241","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1000-7241"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152758","display_name":"Institute of Atmospheric Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/0424h4e32","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210152758"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junji Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China","Chinese Academy of Sciences, 52 Sanlihe Rd, Beijing, 100864, CHINA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210152758"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, 52 Sanlihe Rd, Beijing, 100864, CHINA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028112024","display_name":"Qingyan Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2192-5654","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2192-5654"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingyan Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Ecologic Environmental Scientific Observation and Research Station at Dianshan Lake, Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai 200235, People's Republic of China","Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, 1 Nandan Rd, Xujiahui, Shanghai, 200235, CHINA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Ecologic Environmental Scientific Observation and Research Station at Dianshan Lake, Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai 200235, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, 1 Nandan Rd, Xujiahui, Shanghai, 200235, CHINA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005904075","display_name":"Sagnik Dey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0604-0869","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0604-0869"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68891433","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/049tgcd06","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sagnik Dey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India","Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110 016, New Delhi, Delhi, 110016, INDIA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0604-0869","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110 016, New Delhi, Delhi, 110016, INDIA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101697833","display_name":"Shenshen Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4954-1759","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4954-1759"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shenshen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China","Chinese Academy of Sciences, 52 Sanlihe Rd, Beijing, 100864, CHINA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, 52 Sanlihe Rd, Beijing, 100864, CHINA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080721931","display_name":"Kan Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8909-8184","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8909-8184"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kan Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China","Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Rd, Shanghai, Shanghai, 200437, CHINA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Rd, Shanghai, Shanghai, 200437, CHINA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013092108","display_name":"Haidong Kan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1871-8999","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1871-8999"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haidong Kan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China","School of Public Health, Fudan University, P.O. Box 249, 130 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, Shanghai, Shanghai, 200032, CHINA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health, Fudan University, P.O. Box 249, 130 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, Shanghai, Shanghai, 200032, CHINA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018955823","display_name":"Xiaoming Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7071-571X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7071-571X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184490438","display_name":"Chinese Center For Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/04wktzw65","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184490438","https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoming Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China","Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Beijing, 102206, CHINA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184490438"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Beijing, 102206, CHINA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184490438"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100355638","display_name":"Yang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5477-2186","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5477-2186","https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2020-2870"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States of America","Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, 201 Dowman Dr, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322-1007, UNITED STATES"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, 201 Dowman Dr, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322-1007, UNITED STATES","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100355638","https://openalex.org/A5100393751"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666","https://openalex.org/I184490438"],"apc_list":{"value":2685,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2685},"apc_paid":{"value":2685,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2685},"fwci":0.9757,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68294217,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"12","first_page":"124017","last_page":"124017"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10190","display_name":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10190","display_name":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10075","display_name":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","score":0.005799999926239252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10122","display_name":"Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pm2-5","display_name":"PM2.5","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-effects-of-air-pollution","display_name":"air pollution health effects","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/all-cause-mortality","display_name":"all-cause mortality","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-term-exposure","display_name":"long-term exposure","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-health-disparities","display_name":"regional health disparities","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-monoxide","display_name":"carbon monoxide","score":0.5419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-quality-regulation","display_name":"air pollution regulation","score":0.5289999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coal-fired-power-plants","display_name":"coal-fired power plants","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-emissions","display_name":"industrial emissions","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.3630000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-remote-sensing","display_name":"satellite remote sensing","score":0.5350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-policy","display_name":"environmental policy","score":0.6230000257492065}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.6888844966888428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6810615658760071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24245907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q498957","display_name":"Particulates","level":2,"score":0.577412486076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.5079506039619446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C559116025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131123","display_name":"Air pollution","level":2,"score":0.47972479462623596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521259446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58734","display_name":"Pollution","level":2,"score":0.4790564775466919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.4232522249221802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.38622570037841797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526734887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237","display_name":"Environmental protection","level":1,"score":0.3828178644180298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.35189592838287354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.3373463749885559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3136706054210663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.08539536595344543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.08221125602722168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C505870484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538","display_name":"Fishery","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ad0862","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad0862","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad0862","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S139338987","display_name":"Environmental Research Letters","issn_l":"1748-9326","issn":["1748-9326"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environmental Research Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39036363","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39036363","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environmental research letters : ERL [Web site]","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11259311","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11259311","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11259311/pdf/nihms-1957187.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Environ Res Lett","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:940c225188f84ea7b0d90bcf4d309cf2","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/940c225188f84ea7b0d90bcf4d309cf2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Environmental Research Letters, Vol 18, Iss 12, p 124017 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ad0862","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad0862","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad0862","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S139338987","display_name":"Environmental Research Letters","issn_l":"1748-9326","issn":["1748-9326"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environmental Research Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.98580002784729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7050759535","display_name":"Cardiovascular health and exposure to PM2.5 constituents: a multi-cohort study","funder_award_id":"R01ES032140","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00j4k1h63"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388038524.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388038524.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W81369347","https://openalex.org/W1907369419","https://openalex.org/W1975982630","https://openalex.org/W2008430613","https://openalex.org/W2011162803","https://openalex.org/W2027087281","https://openalex.org/W2036443019","https://openalex.org/W2040359857","https://openalex.org/W2052126814","https://openalex.org/W2058169517","https://openalex.org/W2059395660","https://openalex.org/W2064191532","https://openalex.org/W2074008288","https://openalex.org/W2085543204","https://openalex.org/W2097613635","https://openalex.org/W2115564448","https://openalex.org/W2117744999","https://openalex.org/W2120255207","https://openalex.org/W2124170215","https://openalex.org/W2132085730","https://openalex.org/W2132436820","https://openalex.org/W2134896722","https://openalex.org/W2139937607","https://openalex.org/W2144826703","https://openalex.org/W2154293778","https://openalex.org/W2420082489","https://openalex.org/W2461336101","https://openalex.org/W2523277388","https://openalex.org/W2560184186","https://openalex.org/W2607030186","https://openalex.org/W2731672539","https://openalex.org/W2779788985","https://openalex.org/W2781122472","https://openalex.org/W2790077761","https://openalex.org/W2889774732","https://openalex.org/W2899541490","https://openalex.org/W2900933286","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2967749546","https://openalex.org/W2972209427","https://openalex.org/W2990328747","https://openalex.org/W2990705976","https://openalex.org/W3006093240","https://openalex.org/W3010624272","https://openalex.org/W3012642002","https://openalex.org/W3023032033","https://openalex.org/W3087525052","https://openalex.org/W3089104076","https://openalex.org/W3093699904","https://openalex.org/W3161366523","https://openalex.org/W3163591183","https://openalex.org/W3216979556","https://openalex.org/W4210733717","https://openalex.org/W4214810729","https://openalex.org/W4282939917","https://openalex.org/W4290787092","https://openalex.org/W4293740991","https://openalex.org/W4307804709","https://openalex.org/W4313647229"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3087525052","https://openalex.org/W7082032595","https://openalex.org/W4405095714","https://openalex.org/W2766019201","https://openalex.org/W7120180441","https://openalex.org/W3017537452","https://openalex.org/W3211131150","https://openalex.org/W3158187210","https://openalex.org/W7213866223","https://openalex.org/W4385215928"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Previous":[1],"studies":[2,72],"have":[3,162,231],"reported":[4],"that":[5,143,228],"atmospheric":[6,119],"elemental":[7],"carbon":[8],"(EC)":[9],"may":[10],"pose":[11],"potentially":[12],"elevated":[13],"toxicity":[14],"when":[15],"compared":[16],"to":[17,58,65,122,173,213,259,273],"total":[18,74,159],"ambient":[19],"fine":[20],"particulate":[21],"matter":[22],"(PM2.5).":[23],"However,":[24,242],"most":[25],"research":[26],"on":[27,73],"EC":[28,42,50,68,91,125,149,175,204,219],"has":[29,151],"been":[30,232],"conducted":[31],"in":[32,52,76,86,90,177,197,206,218,234,239,243],"the":[33,46,59,79,94,130,144,168,198,265,275],"US":[34],"and":[35,82,93,118,183,252,271,283],"Europe,":[36],"whereas":[37],"China":[38,53,77,128,178],"experiences":[39],"significantly":[40],"higher":[41],"pollution":[43],"levels.":[44,69],"Investigating":[45],"health":[47,237],"impact":[48],"of":[49,61,108,137,216,249,267],"exposure":[51,176,205],"presents":[54],"considerable":[55],"challenges":[56,277],"due":[57],"absence":[60],"a":[62,83,106,134,188,247],"monitoring":[63],"network":[64],"document":[66],"long-term":[67,174,203],"Despite":[70],"extensive":[71],"PM2.5":[75,160],"over":[78],"past":[80],"decade":[81],"significant":[84,194],"decrease":[85],"its":[87],"concentration,":[88],"changes":[89],"levels":[92,161,215],"associated":[95],"mortality":[96,181,185,199],"burden":[97,200],"remain":[98],"largely":[99],"unknown.":[100],"In":[101],"our":[102,225],"study,":[103],"we":[104,166],"employed":[105],"combination":[107],"satellite":[109],"remote":[110],"sensing,":[111],"available":[112],"ground":[113,124],"observations,":[114],"machine":[115],"learning":[116],"techniques,":[117],"big":[120],"data":[121,182],"predict":[123],"concentrations":[126],"across":[127,221],"for":[129],"period":[131],"2005\u20132018,":[132],"achieving":[133],"spatial":[135],"resolution":[136],"10":[138],"km.":[139],"Our":[140],"findings":[141],"reveal":[142],"national":[145],"average":[146],"annual":[147],"mean":[148],"concentration":[150],"remained":[152],"relatively":[153],"stable":[154],"since":[155],"2005,":[156],"even":[157],"as":[158],"substantially":[163],"decreased.":[164],"Furthermore,":[165],"calculated":[167],"all-cause":[169],"non-accidental":[170],"deaths":[171],"attributed":[172,212],"using":[179],"baseline":[180],"pooled":[184],"risk":[186],"from":[187,202],"cohort":[189],"study.":[190],"This":[191,262],"analysis":[192],"unveiled":[193],"regional":[195,284],"disparities":[196],"resulting":[201],"China.":[207],"These":[208],"variations":[209],"can":[210],"be":[211],"varying":[214,280],"effectiveness":[217],"regulations":[220,230],"different":[222],"regions.":[223],"Specifically,":[224],"study":[226],"highlights":[227],"these":[229],"effective":[233],"mitigating":[235],"EC-related":[236],"risks":[238],"first-tier":[240],"cities.":[241],"regions":[244],"characterized":[245],"by":[246,279],"highconcentration":[248],"coal-power":[250],"plants":[251],"industrial":[253],"facilities,":[254],"additional":[255],"efforts":[256],"are":[257],"necessary":[258],"control":[260],"emissions.":[261],"observation":[263],"underscores":[264],"importance":[266],"tailoring":[268],"environmental":[269],"policies":[270],"interventions":[272],"address":[274],"specific":[276],"posed":[278],"emission":[281],"sources":[282],"contexts.":[285]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2023-11-01T00:00:00"}