{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387985248","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/sjcp.sjcp_6_23","title":"Therapeutic drug monitoring in optimizing tuberculosis treatment outcomes: A review on the first-line four-drug standard treatment regimen","display_name":"Therapeutic drug monitoring in optimizing tuberculosis treatment outcomes: A review on the first-line four-drug standard treatment regimen","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387985248","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/sjcp.sjcp_6_23"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4103/sjcp.sjcp_6_23","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/sjcp.sjcp_6_23","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/sjcp.sjcp_6_23","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387284075","display_name":"Saudi Journal of Clinical Pharmacy","issn_l":"2949-8600","issn":["2949-8600"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320448","host_organization_name":"Medknow","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320448","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medknow","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Saudi Journal of Clinical Pharmacy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/sjcp.sjcp_6_23","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041415066","display_name":"Hala Makki","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111472","display_name":"King Abdul Aziz University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01vv03303","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111472"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405276535","display_name":"King Abdulaziz Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05mvv1442","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127754","https://openalex.org/I4405269311","https://openalex.org/I4405276535"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hala Mohammedali Makki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111472","https://openalex.org/I4405276535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114094419","display_name":"M A A Sattar Ahmad","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mai A Alim A Sattar Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056278930","display_name":"Huda Mohammed Alkreathy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7824-8802","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7824-8802"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huda Mohammed Alkreathy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076014028","display_name":"Omar Alshargi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5062-0721","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5062-0721"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096041","display_name":"Riyadh Elm University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rz3mr26","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096041"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omar Alshargi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096041"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041415066"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111472","https://openalex.org/I4405276535"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1941,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48964613,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"3","first_page":"66","last_page":"74"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":0.5464000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":0.5464000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11036","display_name":"Antibiotics Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy","score":0.4036000072956085,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10375","display_name":"Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism","score":0.020600000396370888,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/therapeutic-drug-monitoring","display_name":"therapeutic drug monitoring","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tuberculosis","display_name":"tuberculosis","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/first-line-antituberculosis-drugs","display_name":"first-line antituberculosis drugs","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rifampicin","display_name":"rifampicin","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isoniazid","display_name":"isoniazid","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacokinetics","display_name":"pharmacokinetics","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacodynamics","display_name":"pharmacodynamics","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmax","display_name":"Cmax","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-inhibitory-concentration","display_name":"minimum inhibitory concentration","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-resistance-prevention","display_name":"drug resistance prevention","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-of-care-testing","display_name":"point-of-care testing","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-outcomes","display_name":"treatment outcomes","score":0.6759999990463257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780272996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1261151","display_name":"Therapeutic drug monitoring","level":3,"score":0.8037073612213135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22979827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5137311","display_name":"Cmax","level":3,"score":0.7934916019439697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7566192746162415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778607973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422652","display_name":"Rifampicin","level":3,"score":0.5832884311676025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.5721070170402527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781069245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12204","display_name":"Tuberculosis","level":2,"score":0.5476840138435364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.5464157462120056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780459521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q417571","display_name":"Pyrazinamide","level":4,"score":0.537894606590271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112705442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q323936","display_name":"Pharmacokinetics","level":2,"score":0.5037357211112976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.4983539581298828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776967927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423169","display_name":"Isoniazid","level":3,"score":0.4887218475341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781413609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7308373","display_name":"Regimen","level":2,"score":0.44784843921661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111113717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725307","display_name":"Pharmacodynamics","level":3,"score":0.43414685130119324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.22863435745239258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4103/sjcp.sjcp_6_23","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/sjcp.sjcp_6_23","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/sjcp.sjcp_6_23","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387284075","display_name":"Saudi Journal of Clinical Pharmacy","issn_l":"2949-8600","issn":["2949-8600"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320448","host_organization_name":"Medknow","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320448","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medknow","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Saudi Journal of Clinical Pharmacy","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4103/sjcp.sjcp_6_23","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/sjcp.sjcp_6_23","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/sjcp.sjcp_6_23","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387284075","display_name":"Saudi Journal of Clinical Pharmacy","issn_l":"2949-8600","issn":["2949-8600"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320448","host_organization_name":"Medknow","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320448","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medknow","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Saudi Journal of Clinical Pharmacy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W246720279","https://openalex.org/W2015567288","https://openalex.org/W2025330324","https://openalex.org/W2066731188","https://openalex.org/W2083407383","https://openalex.org/W2083498699","https://openalex.org/W2095750649","https://openalex.org/W2165885292","https://openalex.org/W2172137232","https://openalex.org/W2178047135","https://openalex.org/W2295478175","https://openalex.org/W2439079552","https://openalex.org/W2496133752","https://openalex.org/W2774326349","https://openalex.org/W2790694322","https://openalex.org/W2799300912","https://openalex.org/W2799936020","https://openalex.org/W2888695467","https://openalex.org/W2894702522","https://openalex.org/W2897921822","https://openalex.org/W2907458842","https://openalex.org/W2940519666","https://openalex.org/W2954843449","https://openalex.org/W2999050901","https://openalex.org/W3004522408","https://openalex.org/W3009599329","https://openalex.org/W3011544320","https://openalex.org/W3020142231","https://openalex.org/W3021870838","https://openalex.org/W3034138577","https://openalex.org/W3049033558","https://openalex.org/W3062471359","https://openalex.org/W3084282178","https://openalex.org/W3092506295","https://openalex.org/W3127805534","https://openalex.org/W3134446428","https://openalex.org/W3165577352","https://openalex.org/W3172919259","https://openalex.org/W3199244559","https://openalex.org/W3200448135","https://openalex.org/W3202668599","https://openalex.org/W3211081456","https://openalex.org/W4206815970"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2439079552","https://openalex.org/W4402324459","https://openalex.org/W2398801261","https://openalex.org/W2025330324","https://openalex.org/W2887184336","https://openalex.org/W2027951201","https://openalex.org/W7155507111","https://openalex.org/W2060839842","https://openalex.org/W4387033934","https://openalex.org/W1962944273"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1],"review":[2],"aimed":[3],"to":[4,40,81,133,160,165],"provide":[5],"an":[6],"overview":[7],"of":[8,17,49,76,152,155,171,184],"the":[9,47,85,93,111,129,182],"literature":[10,31],"on":[11,35,46],"pharmacokinetics":[12],"(PK)":[13],"and":[14,37,42,61,78,138,164,178,187],"clinical":[15],"outcomes":[16,60],"tuberculosis":[18],"(TB)":[19],"patients":[20],"undergoing":[21],"therapeutic":[22],"drug":[23,64],"monitoring":[24],"(TDM)":[25],"with":[26],"first-line":[27,130],"anti-TB":[28,131,156],"medications.":[29],"A":[30,149],"search":[32],"was":[33],"conducted":[34],"PubMed":[36],"Google":[38],"Scholar":[39],"extract":[41],"synthesize":[43],"relevant":[44],"studies":[45],"optimization":[48],"TDM":[50,57,162,186],"in":[51,89,191],"TB":[52,63],"management.":[53],"Studies":[54],"demonstrate":[55],"that":[56,127],"improves":[58],"treatment":[59,167,193],"prevents":[62],"resistance":[65],"emergence.":[66],"The":[67,169],"maximum":[68],"plasma":[69],"concentrations":[70],"(":[71],"C":[72,87,112,136,139],"max":[73,88,113,137,140],"),":[74],"particularly":[75],"rifampicin":[77],"isoniazid,":[79],"tend":[80],"be":[82,97,118,134,143],"significantly":[83],"below":[84],"target":[86],"many":[90],"subjects.":[91],"As":[92],"absorption":[94],"rate":[95],"may":[96,107],"highly":[98],"variable,":[99],"using":[100,176,185],"only":[101],"one":[102],"or":[103],"two":[104],"sampling":[105],"times":[106],"not":[108],"accurately":[109],"estimate":[110],".":[114],"There":[115],"could":[116],"also":[117],"minimum":[119],"inhibitory":[120],"concentration":[121],"(MIC)":[122],"variability.":[123],"It":[124],"is":[125,158],"obvious":[126],"for":[128,147],"medications":[132],"effective,":[135],"/MIC":[141],"must":[142],"defined":[144],"more":[145],"precisely":[146],"TDM.":[148],"greater":[150],"understanding":[151],"PK/pharmacodynamics":[153],"characteristics":[154],"medicines":[157],"required":[159],"make":[161],"cost-effective":[163],"improve":[166],"outcomes.":[168],"advent":[170],"less":[172],"invasive":[173],"point-of-care":[174],"tests":[175],"saliva":[177],"urine":[179],"will":[180],"boost":[181],"viability":[183],"its":[188],"broad":[189],"implementation":[190],"numerous":[192],"contexts.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2023-10-28T00:00:00"}