{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387979860","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2023.pa1004","title":"Factors Associated with the Early Initiation of Smoking","display_name":"Factors Associated with the Early Initiation of Smoking","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387979860","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2023.pa1004"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1183/13993003.congress-2023.pa1004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2023.pa1004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2023.pa1004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207896","display_name":"European Respiratory Journal","issn_l":"0903-1936","issn":["0903-1936","1399-3003"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317833","host_organization_name":"European Respiratory Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317833"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["European Respiratory Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tobacco, smoking control and health education","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-abstract","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073327346","display_name":"Parakkal Sukumaran","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802498779","display_name":"Pushpagiri Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/02f7s4h98","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802498779"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Parakkal Sukumaran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pushpagiri Medical College, Thiruvalla (Kerala), India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pushpagiri Medical College, Thiruvalla (Kerala), India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802498779"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002509269","display_name":"Thomas Beena","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802498779","display_name":"Pushpagiri Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/02f7s4h98","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802498779"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Beena","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pushpagiri Medical College, Thiruvalla (Kerala), India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pushpagiri Medical College, Thiruvalla (Kerala), India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802498779"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112544578","display_name":"Joy M Thomas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7446-353X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7446-353X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802498779","display_name":"Pushpagiri Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/02f7s4h98","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802498779"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joy Thomas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pushpagiri Medical College, Thiruvalla (Kerala), India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pushpagiri Medical College, Thiruvalla (Kerala), India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802498779"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010892814","display_name":"M Midhun","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802498779","display_name":"Pushpagiri Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/02f7s4h98","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802498779"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Midhun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pushpagiri Medical College, Thiruvalla (Kerala), India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pushpagiri Medical College, Thiruvalla (Kerala), India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802498779"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049753260","display_name":"P Rekha","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180771373","display_name":"Government Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/05w6g2m14","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180771373"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P Rekha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Government Medical College, Kottayam, (Kerala), India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Government Medical College, Kottayam, (Kerala), India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180771373"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067347030","display_name":"Kummannoor Venugopal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6445-6312","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6445-6312"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180771373","display_name":"Government Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/05w6g2m14","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180771373"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K P Venugopal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Government Medical College, Kottayam, (Kerala), India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Government Medical College, Kottayam, (Kerala), India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180771373"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ninan Mathew","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802498779","display_name":"Pushpagiri Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/02f7s4h98","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802498779"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ninan Mathew","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pushpagiri Medical College, Thiruvalla (Kerala), India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pushpagiri Medical College, Thiruvalla (Kerala), India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802498779"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"PA1004","last_page":"PA1004"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10060","display_name":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10060","display_name":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10043","display_name":"Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10143","display_name":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking-initiation","display_name":"smoking initiation","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adolescent-smoking","display_name":"adolescent smoking","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peer-pressure","display_name":"peer pressure","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stress","display_name":"stress","score":0.48899999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking-prevention","display_name":"smoking prevention","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-education","display_name":"health education","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-support","display_name":"family support","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extracurricular-activities","display_name":"extracurricular activities","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking-cessation","display_name":"smoking cessation","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/older-smokers","display_name":"older smokers","score":0.45500001311302185}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5775353908538818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779529714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2632744","display_name":"Graduation (instrument)","level":2,"score":0.5271850824356079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.4887714087963104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109359841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728944","display_name":"Inclusion (mineral)","level":2,"score":0.4738895297050476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777843972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2462253","display_name":"Smoking cessation","level":2,"score":0.4261259138584137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.3466903567314148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2902224063873291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1183/13993003.congress-2023.pa1004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2023.pa1004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2023.pa1004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207896","display_name":"European Respiratory Journal","issn_l":"0903-1936","issn":["0903-1936","1399-3003"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317833","host_organization_name":"European Respiratory Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317833"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["European Respiratory Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tobacco, smoking control and health education","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2564265433","https://openalex.org/W2027458270","https://openalex.org/W6931067400","https://openalex.org/W2029918810","https://openalex.org/W2749286488","https://openalex.org/W2018715840","https://openalex.org/W4246608024","https://openalex.org/W2117695445","https://openalex.org/W4213022687","https://openalex.org/W2014323386"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],":":[1],"Smoking":[2],"can":[3,235],"have":[4],"a":[5,69],"lifelong":[6],"negative":[7],"effect":[8],"on":[9,47],"health.":[10],"Lower":[11],"rates":[12],"of":[13,30,40,60,98,106,118,126,161,218,224,233],"successful":[14],"smoking":[15,22,41,48,67,192,211,234],"cessation":[16,232],"in":[17,24,197],"adulthood":[18],"are":[19],"associated":[20],"with":[21],"initiation":[23,59,230],"early":[25,58],"adolescence.":[26],"Therefore,":[27],"it":[28],"is":[29,212],"utmost":[31],"importance":[32],"that":[33,188,226],"public":[34],"health":[35,194],"programs":[36],"tackle":[37],"the":[38,87,94,119,140,162,216,229],"problem":[39],"initiation,":[42],"rather":[43],"than":[44,116],"only":[45],"focusing":[46],"cessation.":[49],"Aims":[50],"and":[51,136,156,167,180,200,205,231,242],"Objectives:":[52],"To":[53,62],"identify":[54,63],"factors":[55,225],"responsible":[56],"for":[57],"smoking.":[61],"modalities":[64],"to":[65,104,177,183,190,214,228,238],"prevent":[66,191],"at":[68],"young":[70],"age.":[71,127],"Methods:":[72],"A":[73],"cross-sectional":[74],"study":[75,111,120,186],"was":[76],"done":[77],"among":[78,91],"453":[79,110],"smokers":[80],"by":[81],"enrolling":[82],"consecutive":[83],"cases":[84],"who":[85],"met":[86],"inclusion":[88],"criteria":[89],"from":[90,102],"those":[92],"attending":[93],"Respiratory":[95],"Medicine":[96],"OPD":[97],"Pushpagiri":[99],"Medical":[100],"College":[101],"January":[103],"June":[105],"2021.":[107],"Results:":[108],"All":[109],"participants":[112,163],"were":[113,122,134],"males.":[114],"More":[115],"80%":[117,174],"group":[121],"above":[123],"60":[124],"years":[125],"42%":[128],"had":[129],"higher":[130,148,154],"secondary":[131],"education,":[132,195],"20%":[133],"post-graduates":[135],"16%":[137],"came":[138],"under":[139],"professional":[141,172],"category.":[142],"60%":[143],"started":[144,164,175],"before":[145],"completing":[146,152],"their":[147,153,171],"secondary,":[149,155],"12%":[150,157],"after":[151,169],"during":[158,165],"graduation,":[159],"3.9%":[160],"post-graduation":[166],"2%":[168],"starting":[170],"careers.":[173],"due":[176,182],"peer":[178],"pressure":[179],"6%":[181],"stress.":[184],"The":[185],"showed":[187],"methods":[189],"include":[193],"participating":[196],"extracurricular":[198],"activities":[199],"hobbies,":[201],"maintaining":[202],"good":[203],"relationships,":[204],"having":[206],"family":[207],"support.":[208],"Conclusion:":[209],"Cigarette":[210],"known":[213],"increase":[215],"risk":[217],"many":[219],"chronic":[220],"diseases.":[221],"Improved":[222],"understanding":[223],"contribute":[227],"be":[236],"used":[237],"strengthen":[239],"preventive":[240],"interventions":[241],"treatment":[243],"strategies.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2023-10-28T00:00:00"}