{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387975440","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113325","title":"Development and Validation of a Scale Measuring the Attitude of farmers towards Climate Smart Agriculture","display_name":"Development and Validation of a Scale Measuring the Attitude of farmers towards Climate Smart Agriculture","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387975440","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113325"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113325","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113325","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113325","pdf_url":"https://journalijecc.com/index.php/IJECC/article/download/3325/6541","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210233270","display_name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","issn_l":"2581-8627","issn":["2581-8627"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://journalijecc.com/index.php/IJECC/article/download/3325/6541","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108408967","display_name":"Rohit Rohit","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1796-5252","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1796-5252"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143625","display_name":"Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0403ytw22","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143625"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rohit","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agricultural Extension, CSAUA&T, Kanpur (U.P.), India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agricultural Extension, CSAUA&T, Kanpur (U.P.), India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143625"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115595317","display_name":"Harish Chandra Singh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harish Chandra Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Extension Education, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering & Technology,  Etawah, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Extension Education, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering & Technology,  Etawah, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mayank Singh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mayank Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Extension Education, Udai Pratap Autonomous College, Varanasi (U.P.), India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Extension Education, Udai Pratap Autonomous College, Varanasi (U.P.), India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kumari Asha","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143625","display_name":"Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0403ytw22","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143625"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kumari Asha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agricultural Extension, CSAUA&T, Kanpur (U.P.), India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agricultural Extension, CSAUA&T, Kanpur (U.P.), India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143625"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101846496","display_name":"Shani Kumar Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9933-884X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9933-884X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143625","display_name":"Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0403ytw22","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143625"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shani Kumar Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agricultural Extension, CSAUA&T, Kanpur (U.P.), India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agricultural Extension, CSAUA&T, Kanpur (U.P.), India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143625"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000130758","display_name":"Abhijeet","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143625","display_name":"Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0403ytw22","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143625"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abhijeet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agricultural Extension, CSAUA&T, Kanpur (U.P.), India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agricultural Extension, CSAUA&T, Kanpur (U.P.), India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143625"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1328,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.42077363,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"11","first_page":"1705","last_page":"1712"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10439","display_name":"Climate change impacts on agriculture","score":0.600600004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10439","display_name":"Climate change impacts on agriculture","score":0.600600004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.27639999985694885,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13478","display_name":"Agricultural Development and Management","score":0.029100000858306885,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-smart-agriculture","display_name":"climate-smart agriculture","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/farmers-attitudes","display_name":"farmer attitudes","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attitude-scales","display_name":"attitude scales","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-development","display_name":"scale development","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychometric-validation","display_name":"psychometric validation","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/likert-scale","display_name":"Likert scale","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/split-half-reliability","display_name":"split-half reliability","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cronbach-s-alpha","display_name":"Cronbach's alpha","score":0.8550000190734863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.8320745229721069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106906290","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140909","display_name":"Cronbach's alpha","level":3,"score":0.7982596158981323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105776082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q617473","display_name":"Likert scale","level":2,"score":0.7196124792098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.6670854091644287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6467779278755188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90734943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17008777","display_name":"Conceptualization","level":2,"score":0.5890976190567017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83849319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7295720","display_name":"Rating scale","level":2,"score":0.5503343343734741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.5449004769325256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.454521119594574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778757428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1250464","display_name":"Realm","level":2,"score":0.43326759338378906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173633133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2110223","display_name":"Raw score","level":3,"score":0.4309570789337158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171606756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometrics","level":2,"score":0.42755287885665894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.42167508602142334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.33700448274612427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.287163645029068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2264811098575592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21005648374557495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.1962774097919464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132964779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2110223","display_name":"Raw data","level":2,"score":0.10765841603279114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.09683957695960999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09672045707702637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113325","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113325","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113325","pdf_url":"https://journalijecc.com/index.php/IJECC/article/download/3325/6541","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210233270","display_name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","issn_l":"2581-8627","issn":["2581-8627"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:journalijecc.com:article/3325","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journalijecc.com/index.php/IJECC/article/view/3325","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210233270","display_name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","issn_l":"2581-8627","issn":["2581-8627"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2581-8627","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113325","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113325","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113325","pdf_url":"https://journalijecc.com/index.php/IJECC/article/download/3325/6541","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210233270","display_name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","issn_l":"2581-8627","issn":["2581-8627"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387975440.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387975440.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4384303088","https://openalex.org/W2185363426","https://openalex.org/W4313324730","https://openalex.org/W4409272256","https://openalex.org/W2996917527","https://openalex.org/W4313469635","https://openalex.org/W3211698808","https://openalex.org/W3160084640","https://openalex.org/W4312761205","https://openalex.org/W7217960667"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,97,109,119],"measurement":[1],"of":[2,11,20,69,73,82,99,111,122,137,162],"attitudes":[3,34],"is":[4,149],"a":[5,17,27,36],"critical":[6],"endeavour":[7],"in":[8,93,151,164],"the":[9,65,94,100,106,112,123,126,138,147,160,168],"realm":[10],"social":[12],"and":[13,24,29,54,76,88,141],"psychological":[14],"research,":[15],"enabling":[16],"deeper":[18],"understanding":[19],"human":[21],"behaviours,":[22],"preferences,":[23],"beliefs.":[25],"Constructing":[26],"reliable":[28],"valid":[30],"scale":[31,48,60,101,113,124,148,154],"to":[32,63,158],"assess":[33],"requires":[35],"systematic":[37],"approach":[38],"that":[39],"encompasses":[40],"various":[41],"stages,":[42],"such":[43],"as":[44],"conceptualization,":[45],"item":[46],"generation,":[47],"refinement,":[49],"pilot":[50],"testing,":[51],"psychometric":[52,120],"analysis,":[53],"validation.":[55],"A":[56,67],"summated":[57],"(Likert)":[58],"rating":[59],"was":[61,102,114,133],"used":[62,157],"develop":[64],"scale.":[66,96],"total":[68],"60":[70],"statements,":[71,79],"consisting":[72],"45":[74],"positive":[75,87],"15":[77],"negative":[78],"were":[80,91],"framed,":[81],"which":[83,145],"22":[84],"statements":[85],"(19":[86],"3":[89],"negative)":[90],"retained":[92],"final":[95],"reliability":[98,136],"calculated":[103],"by":[104,116],"using":[105],"split-half":[107],"method.":[108],"validity":[110],"tested":[115],"experts\u2019":[117],"judgment.":[118],"properties":[121],"include:":[125],"Pearson":[127],"product-moment":[128],"correlation":[129],"between":[130],"two":[131],"sets":[132],"0.":[134],"0.598;":[135],"test":[139],"0.748(P<0.01)":[140],"Cronbach":[142],"=":[143],"0.759,":[144],"means":[146],"consistent":[150],"measurement.":[152],"This":[153],"can":[155],"be":[156],"measure":[159],"attitude":[161],"students":[163],"similar":[165],"situations":[166],"outside":[167],"study":[169],"area":[170],"with":[171],"suitable":[172],"modifications.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2023-10-28T00:00:00"}