{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387973506","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su152115335","title":"A Particle Swarm Optimization\u2013Adaptive Weighted Delay Velocity-Based Fast-Converging Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithm for Solar PV Generation System","display_name":"A Particle Swarm Optimization\u2013Adaptive Weighted Delay Velocity-Based Fast-Converging Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithm for Solar PV Generation System","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387973506","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su152115335"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/su152115335","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su152115335","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su152115335","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/21/15335/pdf?version=1698330388","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/21/15335/pdf?version=1698330388","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052329809","display_name":"Md Adil Azad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4231-4662","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4231-4662"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171210897","display_name":"Aligarh Muslim University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kw9gc02","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171210897"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Adil Azad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, ZHCET, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4231-4662","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, ZHCET, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171210897"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073778483","display_name":"Mohd Tariq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5162-7626","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5162-7626"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19700959","display_name":"Florida International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02gz6gg07","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohd Tariq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061292618","display_name":"Adil Sarwar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8614-6697","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8614-6697","https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4190-0157"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171210897","display_name":"Aligarh Muslim University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kw9gc02","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171210897"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Adil Sarwar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, ZHCET, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8614-6697","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, ZHCET, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171210897"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050669049","display_name":"Injila Sajid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1172-0778","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1172-0778"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171210897","display_name":"Aligarh Muslim University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kw9gc02","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171210897"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Injila Sajid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, ZHCET, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1172-0778","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, ZHCET, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171210897"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012973079","display_name":"Shafiq Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0712-9133","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0712-9133"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shafiq Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0712-9133","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032520220","display_name":"Farhad Ilahi Bakhsh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6452-512X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6452-512X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8778637","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Srinagar","ror":"https://ror.org/03sfwvw54","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152752","https://openalex.org/I8778637"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farhad Ilahi Bakhsh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar 190006, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6452-512X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar 190006, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8778637"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109596059","display_name":"Abdelaty Edrees Sayed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdelaty Edrees Sayed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3276-8068","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061292618","https://openalex.org/A5073778483"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171210897","https://openalex.org/I19700959"],"apc_list":{"value":2200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2447},"apc_paid":{"value":2200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2447},"fwci":1.6491,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82599715,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"21","first_page":"15335","last_page":"15335"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10468","display_name":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10468","display_name":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14083","display_name":"Extremum Seeking Control Systems","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-power-point-tracking","display_name":"maximum power point tracking","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"particle swarm optimization","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partial-shading","display_name":"partial shading","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-systems","display_name":"photovoltaic systems","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fast-convergence","display_name":"fast convergence","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-maxima-avoidance","display_name":"local maxima avoidance","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-in-the-loop-emulation","display_name":"hardware-in-the-loop emulation","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series-connected-pv-modules","display_name":"series-connected PV modules","score":0.6639999747276306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.7162038683891296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6290166974067688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135450995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q820272","display_name":"Hill climbing","level":2,"score":0.6221347451210022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5241765379905701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.5064839124679565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36139824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052007","display_name":"Maximum power point tracking","level":4,"score":0.49351394176483154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.467864990234375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116615679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795908","display_name":"Maximum power principle","level":3,"score":0.4404549300670624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4333059787750244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.421195387840271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186633575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845060","display_name":"Maxima and minima","level":2,"score":0.419085294008255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4164976477622986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.30663979053497314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.155825674533844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13589566946029663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11190779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664575","display_name":"Inverter","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/su152115335","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su152115335","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su152115335","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/21/15335/pdf?version=1698330388","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:21:p:15335-:d:1268253","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/21/15335/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/su152115335","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su152115335","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su152115335","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/21/15335/pdf?version=1698330388","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9853000044822693},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5378999710083008}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8264349497","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RSP2023R387","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","funder_display_name":"King Saud University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387973506.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387973506.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1489406165","https://openalex.org/W1983657349","https://openalex.org/W1988985746","https://openalex.org/W2000127863","https://openalex.org/W2027611899","https://openalex.org/W2040632675","https://openalex.org/W2045899066","https://openalex.org/W2108388069","https://openalex.org/W2435650256","https://openalex.org/W2468895952","https://openalex.org/W2510304238","https://openalex.org/W2550109469","https://openalex.org/W2759658864","https://openalex.org/W2809721899","https://openalex.org/W2893912359","https://openalex.org/W2902146126","https://openalex.org/W2907057570","https://openalex.org/W2922235953","https://openalex.org/W2945066395","https://openalex.org/W2950096154","https://openalex.org/W2983384333","https://openalex.org/W2991510102","https://openalex.org/W3007177815","https://openalex.org/W3007669026","https://openalex.org/W3028479120","https://openalex.org/W3046944134","https://openalex.org/W3048125091","https://openalex.org/W3087491552","https://openalex.org/W3089063402","https://openalex.org/W3092422847","https://openalex.org/W3128708669","https://openalex.org/W3133788990","https://openalex.org/W3137314604","https://openalex.org/W3155930047","https://openalex.org/W3160157188","https://openalex.org/W3161908116","https://openalex.org/W3163044769","https://openalex.org/W3193011980","https://openalex.org/W3196252753","https://openalex.org/W4223653564","https://openalex.org/W4280559336","https://openalex.org/W4308157882","https://openalex.org/W4309703404","https://openalex.org/W4312850370","https://openalex.org/W4320879275","https://openalex.org/W4386028477"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2793314490","https://openalex.org/W1651552127","https://openalex.org/W3023428562","https://openalex.org/W4388721288","https://openalex.org/W4416430269","https://openalex.org/W2408378365","https://openalex.org/W4285290257","https://openalex.org/W2914999498","https://openalex.org/W1899789664","https://openalex.org/W7057210454"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Photovoltaic":[0],"(PV)":[1],"arrays":[2],"have":[3],"a":[4,67,100,136,151,180,270,293],"considerably":[5],"lower":[6],"output":[7,20,28],"when":[8,220],"exposed":[9],"to":[10,18,35,37,52,117,164,222,296],"partial":[11,244],"shadowing":[12],"(PS).":[13],"Whilst":[14],"adding":[15],"bypass":[16],"diodes":[17],"the":[19,54,60,157,161,171,198,233,277,280,289,297],"reduces":[21],"PS\u2019s":[22],"impact,":[23],"this":[24,133],"adjustment":[25],"causes":[26],"many":[27],"power":[29,120,128,235],"peaks.":[30],"Because":[31],"of":[32,59,69,103,160,170,183,189,197,257,279,299],"their":[33,96],"tendency":[34],"converge":[36],"local":[38],"maxima,":[39],"traditional":[40,204,223,284],"algorithms":[41,89],"like":[42],"perturb":[43],"and":[44,46,80,130,205,216,225,247,261,285],"observe":[45],"hill-climbing":[47],"should":[48],"not":[49],"be":[50],"used":[51],"track":[53],"optimal":[55,61],"peak.":[56],"The":[57,168,192,208],"tracking":[58,122,253],"peak":[62],"is":[63,174],"achieved":[64],"by":[65,176,202],"employing":[66],"range":[68],"artificial":[70,77],"intelligence":[71],"methodologies,":[72],"such":[73],"as":[74],"utilizing":[75],"an":[76,109],"neural":[78],"network":[79],"implementing":[81],"control":[82],"based":[83],"on":[84,112,179,201],"fuzzy":[85],"logic":[86],"principles.":[87],"These":[88],"perform":[90],"satisfactorily":[91],"under":[92,186,301],"PS":[93,302],"conditions":[94,246],"but":[95],"training":[97],"method":[98],"necessitates":[99],"sizable":[101],"quantity":[102],"data":[104],"which":[105,155,275],"result":[106],"in":[107,231,239],"placing":[108],"unnecessary":[110],"demand":[111],"CPU":[113],"memory.":[114],"In":[115],"order":[116],"achieve":[118],"maximum":[119,234],"point":[121,236],"(MPPT)":[123],"with":[124,304],"fast":[125],"convergence,":[126],"minimal":[127],"fluctuations,":[129],"excellent":[131],"stability,":[132],"paper":[134],"introduces":[135],"novel":[137],"optimization":[138],"algorithm":[139,149,173,193,210,282,291],"named":[140],"PSO-AWDV":[141,209,281],"(particle":[142],"swarm":[143],"optimization\u2013adaptive":[144],"weighted":[145],"delay":[146],"velocity).":[147],"This":[148],"employs":[150],"stochastic":[152],"search":[153,162],"approach,":[154],"involves":[156],"random":[158],"exploration":[159],"space,":[163],"accomplish":[165],"these":[166],"goals.":[167],"efficacy":[169],"proposed":[172,290],"demonstrated":[175],"conducting":[177],"experiments":[178],"series-connected":[181],"configuration":[182],"four":[184],"modules,":[185],"different":[187],"levels":[188],"solar":[190],"radiation.":[191],"successfully":[194],"gets":[195],"rid":[196],"problems":[199],"brought":[200],"current":[203],"AI-based":[206,286],"methods.":[207,287],"stands":[211],"out":[212],"for":[213,307],"its":[214,226,252],"simplicity":[215],"reduced":[217],"computational":[218],"complexity":[219],"compared":[221],"PSO":[224,260],"variant":[227],"PSO-VC,":[228],"while":[229],"excelling":[230],"locating":[232],"(MPP)":[237],"even":[238],"intricate":[240],"shading":[241,245],"scenarios,":[242],"encompassing":[243],"notable":[248],"insolation":[249],"fluctuations.":[250],"Furthermore,":[251],"efficiency":[254],"surpasses":[255],"that":[256],"both":[258],"conventional":[259],"PSO-VC.":[262],"To":[263],"further":[264],"validate":[265],"our":[266],"results,":[267],"we":[268],"conducted":[269],"real-time":[271],"hardware-in-the-loop":[272],"(HIL)":[273],"emulation,":[274],"confirmed":[276],"superiority":[278],"over":[283],"Overall,":[288],"offers":[292],"practical":[294],"solution":[295],"challenges":[298],"MPPT":[300],"conditions,":[303],"promising":[305],"outcomes":[306],"real-world":[308],"PV":[309],"applications.":[310]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2023-10-28T00:00:00"}