{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387948856","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292617","title":"Race, everyday discrimination, and cognitive function in later life","display_name":"Race, everyday discrimination, and cognitive function in later life","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387948856","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292617","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37878577","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10599523"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0292617","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292617","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292617","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0292617&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0292617&type=printable","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057243136","display_name":"Kenneth F. Ferraro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3692-5235","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3692-5235"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth F. Ferraro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center on Aging and the Life Course, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America","Department of Sociology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3692-5235","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center on Aging and the Life Course, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sociology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054753456","display_name":"Callie Jo Zaborenko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5492-5859","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5492-5859"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Callie J. Zaborenko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center on Aging and the Life Course, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America","Department of Sociology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center on Aging and the Life Course, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sociology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057243136"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"],"apc_list":{"value":1805,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1805},"apc_paid":{"value":1805,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1805},"fwci":3.8598,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93451839,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"10","first_page":"e0292617","last_page":"e0292617"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10652","display_name":"Racial and Ethnic Identity Research","score":0.44290000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10652","display_name":"Racial and Ethnic Identity Research","score":0.44290000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.3495999872684479,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.1800999939441681,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/everyday-discrimination","display_name":"everyday discrimination","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-discrimination","display_name":"racial discrimination","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-function","display_name":"cognitive function","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-decline","display_name":"cognitive decline","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/older-adults","display_name":"older adults","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/race-and-ethnicity","display_name":"race and ethnicity","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-people","display_name":"Black people","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hispanic-latino-adults","display_name":"Hispanic adults","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-adults","display_name":"White adults","score":0.4779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-trajectories","display_name":"cognitive trajectories","score":0.4169999957084656}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.8025809526443481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779018934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129653","display_name":"Everyday life","level":2,"score":0.6995036602020264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76509639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918036","display_name":"Race (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6322342753410339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5727302432060242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.4843083918094635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.4542650580406189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780176501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5690755","display_name":"Health and Retirement Study","level":2,"score":0.42489850521087646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.40552207827568054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.22252008318901062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.09143570065498352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.07474282383918762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.0713670551776886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000095223","descriptor_name":"White","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001741","descriptor_name":"Black or African American","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003071","descriptor_name":"Cognition","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005006","descriptor_name":"Ethnicity","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006630","descriptor_name":"Hispanic or Latino","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D063505","descriptor_name":"Racism","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0292617","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292617","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292617","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0292617&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10599523","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10599523","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10599523/pdf/pone.0292617.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS One","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:37878577","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37878577","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PloS one","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1b9c4d1787c04eaa9a036eb76833126b","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1b9c4d1787c04eaa9a036eb76833126b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS ONE, Vol 18, Iss 10, p e0292617 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0292617","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292617","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292617","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0292617&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7578999996185303,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"score":0.6240000128746033,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2672949608","display_name":"Childhood Misfortune and Adult Health among Black, White, and Hispanic Americans","funder_award_id":"RF1AG043544","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4224161897","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AG043544","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4294969899","display_name":"Childhood Misfortune and Adult Health Among Black, White and Hispanic Americans","funder_award_id":"R01AG043544","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6995790340","display_name":"Disparities in the Life Course Origins of Cognitive Decline","funder_award_id":"RF1AG068388","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8387588763","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AG068388","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","display_name":"National Institute on Aging","ror":"https://ror.org/049v75w11"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387948856.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387948856.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W158971885","https://openalex.org/W2025312154","https://openalex.org/W2066156347","https://openalex.org/W2066683678","https://openalex.org/W2093708732","https://openalex.org/W2097371145","https://openalex.org/W2103226804","https://openalex.org/W2105544642","https://openalex.org/W2109572839","https://openalex.org/W2121585577","https://openalex.org/W2125873191","https://openalex.org/W2132406025","https://openalex.org/W2147793576","https://openalex.org/W2185610270","https://openalex.org/W2195703978","https://openalex.org/W2557663540","https://openalex.org/W2580296140","https://openalex.org/W2595724604","https://openalex.org/W2610696885","https://openalex.org/W2652510071","https://openalex.org/W2738097086","https://openalex.org/W2746648645","https://openalex.org/W2781840547","https://openalex.org/W2884707869","https://openalex.org/W2896204498","https://openalex.org/W2898590599","https://openalex.org/W2910126520","https://openalex.org/W2948772379","https://openalex.org/W3008485993","https://openalex.org/W3047303148","https://openalex.org/W3086484986","https://openalex.org/W3117916475","https://openalex.org/W3135584443","https://openalex.org/W3152647231","https://openalex.org/W3171789528","https://openalex.org/W3203257961"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7213440682","https://openalex.org/W4394619309","https://openalex.org/W4401717833","https://openalex.org/W4390080737","https://openalex.org/W3171789528","https://openalex.org/W4390065604","https://openalex.org/W7118076252","https://openalex.org/W4403808888","https://openalex.org/W4416326707","https://openalex.org/W4406218394"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Discrimination":[0,159],"is":[1,14,65,160],"pernicious":[2],"in":[3,19,39,73,95],"many":[4],"ways,":[5],"but":[6,152],"there":[7],"are":[8],"inconsistent":[9],"findings":[10],"regarding":[11],"whether":[12,54],"it":[13],"harmful":[15],"to":[16,35,67,84],"cognitive":[17,37,69,91,147,173],"function":[18,70,74,92,96,148,174],"later":[20,176],"life.":[21],"To":[22],"address":[23],"the":[24,46,55,125],"inconsistency,":[25],"we":[26,52],"use":[27],"two":[28],"closely":[29],"related":[30,66],"concepts":[31],"of":[32,57,89,167],"everyday":[33,128,139],"discrimination":[34,101,130,141,168],"predict":[36],"trajectories":[38],"a":[40,161],"diverse":[41],"sample.":[42],"Using":[43],"data":[44],"from":[45,82],"Health":[47],"and":[48,71,93,108,113,121,131,156,164,181],"Retirement":[49],"Study":[50],"(HRS),":[51],"examine":[53],"frequency":[56],"discrimination,":[58],"measured":[59],"at":[60,79],"baseline":[61,80],"with":[62,104,144],"six":[63],"questions,":[64],"poorer":[68,105],"change":[72,94],"over":[75,111],"time":[76],"(2008-2016).":[77],"Age":[78],"ranged":[81],"53":[83],"100.":[85],"Growth":[86],"curve":[87],"models":[88],"initial":[90,106,146],"were":[97,116],"estimated.":[98],"Everyday":[99],"global":[100],"was":[102,133,142],"associated":[103,143],"cognition":[107,132],"slower":[109],"declines":[110],"time,":[112],"these":[114],"relationships":[115],"not":[117,153],"moderated":[118,134],"by":[119,135],"race":[120],"ethnicity.":[122],"By":[123],"contrast,":[124],"relationship":[126],"between":[127],"racial":[129,140],"race:":[136],"more":[137],"frequent":[138],"better":[145],"among":[149,154],"Black":[150],"adults":[151],"Hispanic":[155,182],"White":[157],"adults.":[158,183],"multifaceted":[162],"concept,":[163],"specific":[165],"types":[166],"manifest":[169],"lower":[170],"or":[171],"higher":[172],"during":[175],"life":[177],"for":[178],"White,":[179],"Black,":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2023-10-27T00:00:00"}