{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387939472","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.b39149","title":"Combined Cycle Nuclear System Architecture for Crewed Mars Spacecraft Propulsion and Power","display_name":"Combined Cycle Nuclear System Architecture for Crewed Mars Spacecraft Propulsion and Power","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387939472","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.b39149"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2514/1.b39149","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.b39149","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.b39149","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S114140916","display_name":"Journal of Propulsion and Power","issn_l":"0748-4658","issn":["0748-4658","1533-3876"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315709","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315709"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Propulsion and Power","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084410879","display_name":"Jack V. Maydan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jack V. Maydan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040473517","display_name":"James Nabity","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8427-5735","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8427-5735"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James A. Nabity","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8427-5735","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4488,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55833115,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"1","first_page":"3","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12513","display_name":"Rocket and propulsion systems research","score":0.6190999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12513","display_name":"Rocket and propulsion systems research","score":0.6190999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10597","display_name":"Nuclear reactor physics and engineering","score":0.25440001487731934,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2104","display_name":"Nuclear Energy and Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12449","display_name":"Spacecraft Design and Technology","score":0.030799999833106995,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-thermal-propulsion","display_name":"nuclear thermal propulsion","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-mars-missions","display_name":"human Mars missions","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spacecraft-power-generation","display_name":"spacecraft power generation","score":0.48399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reactor-core","display_name":"nuclear reactor core","score":0.5640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/specific-impulse","display_name":"specific impulse","score":0.5899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spacecraft-mass","display_name":"spacecraft mass","score":0.4050000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waste-heat-rejection","display_name":"waste heat rejection","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiators","display_name":"radiators","score":0.39399999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-readiness","display_name":"technology readiness","score":0.42800000309944153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15046436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51504","display_name":"Specific impulse","level":3,"score":0.8581288456916809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1034443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2583685","display_name":"Propulsion","level":2,"score":0.7862557172775269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76737569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364934","display_name":"Propellant","level":2,"score":0.697038471698761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.6847397685050964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148008966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q648588","display_name":"Electrically powered spacecraft propulsion","level":3,"score":0.6429256200790405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29829512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40218","display_name":"Spacecraft","level":2,"score":0.6415067911148071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165850701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q609089","display_name":"Spacecraft propulsion","level":3,"score":0.6123388409614563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83260615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6773121","display_name":"Mars Exploration Program","level":2,"score":0.5786746740341187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89138844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q609089","display_name":"In-space propulsion technologies","level":4,"score":0.5340332984924316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163368183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205702","display_name":"Ion thruster","level":3,"score":0.5148946046829224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34436041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287464","display_name":"Rocket propellant","level":3,"score":0.511634886264801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79420006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q533668","display_name":"Thrust","level":2,"score":0.48628246784210205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177266075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5073771","display_name":"Characteristic velocity","level":3,"score":0.47695863246917725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56677355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860308","display_name":"Liquid-propellant rocket","level":3,"score":0.4528631865978241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513653683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12739","display_name":"Nuclear power","level":2,"score":0.44780269265174866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116915560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","level":1,"score":0.39268022775650024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.36172425746917725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.34303581714630127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2944827675819397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87355193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411","display_name":"Astrobiology","level":1,"score":0.2643246054649353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.11377206444740295}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2514/1.b39149","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.b39149","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.b39149","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S114140916","display_name":"Journal of Propulsion and Power","issn_l":"0748-4658","issn":["0748-4658","1533-3876"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315709","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315709"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Propulsion and Power","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5690000057220459,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W126900439","https://openalex.org/W1444496590","https://openalex.org/W1654323286","https://openalex.org/W1768088366","https://openalex.org/W1971918456","https://openalex.org/W1984248962","https://openalex.org/W2005024908","https://openalex.org/W2022469485","https://openalex.org/W2043136673","https://openalex.org/W2055082113","https://openalex.org/W2075766346","https://openalex.org/W2101215876","https://openalex.org/W2120215809","https://openalex.org/W2140567734","https://openalex.org/W2158601597","https://openalex.org/W2324330396","https://openalex.org/W2624959743","https://openalex.org/W2838934697","https://openalex.org/W2891134388","https://openalex.org/W2985153209","https://openalex.org/W3194249032"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3194249032","https://openalex.org/W1516541152","https://openalex.org/W2314004920","https://openalex.org/W67265167","https://openalex.org/W7201875574","https://openalex.org/W2189791495","https://openalex.org/W3185180278","https://openalex.org/W4391301705","https://openalex.org/W7030326653","https://openalex.org/W1531821267"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nuclear":[0],"thermal":[1,82],"propulsion":[2,23,58,88],"can":[3,40],"potentially":[4],"reduce":[5],"the":[6,37,42,48,53,119,123,147,150,170,203],"time":[7],"of":[8,71,110,189,198],"flight":[9],"and":[10,89,156,193],"spacecraft":[11],"system":[12,24,85],"mass":[13,197],"needed":[14],"for":[15,47,56,87,146,152,165],"human":[16],"spaceflight":[17],"beyond":[18],"cislunar":[19],"space.":[20,136],"This":[21,75],"nuclear":[22,57,81,96],"has":[25,59],"comparable":[26],"thrust":[27,103,129],"capability":[28],"to":[29,99,135,142,219,223],"chemically":[30],"impulsive":[31],"systems,":[32],"which":[33],"at":[34,106],"about":[35],"twice":[36],"specific":[38,108],"impulse,":[39],"double":[41],"delta-velocity":[43],"([Formula:":[44],"see":[45],"text])":[46],"same":[49],"propellant":[50,116,192],"mass.":[51],"However,":[52],"canonical":[54],"problem":[55],"always":[60],"been":[61],"that":[62,92,201,212],"its":[63],"benefits":[64],"are":[65],"shadowed":[66],"by":[67],"low":[68],"technology":[69],"readiness":[70],"a":[72,78,94,107,162,194,213],"complex":[73],"system.":[74,207],"paper":[76],"describes":[77],"combined":[79],"cycle":[80],"rocket":[83,120],"(CCNTR)":[84],"architecture":[86],"electrical":[90,174],"power":[91,145,154,175],"comprises":[93],"42-MWt-capable":[95],"reactor":[97,124,138,164],"core":[98],"provide":[100],"9.4":[101],"kN":[102],"on":[104],"demand":[105],"impulse":[109],"940":[111],"s.":[112],"The":[113,137],"liquid":[114,190],"hydrogen":[115,191],"flow":[117],"through":[118],"chamber":[121],"cools":[122],"during":[125],"burns,":[126],"thereby":[127],"producing":[128],"while":[130],"concurrently":[131],"rejecting":[132],"waste":[133,171],"heat":[134,172],"also":[139],"produces":[140],"up":[141],"100":[143,182],"kWe":[144],"spacecraft,":[148],"eliminating":[149],"need":[151],"solar":[153],"generation":[155],"averting":[157],"challenges":[158],"associated":[159],"with":[160],"restarting":[161],"cold":[163],"propulsive":[166],"burns.":[167],"Radiators":[168],"reject":[169],"from":[173],"production.":[176],"Earth-to-Mars":[177],"orbital":[178],"transfers":[179],"less":[180],"than":[181],"days":[183],"appear":[184],"feasible":[185],"assuming":[186],"680,000":[187],"kg":[188,200,205],"vehicle":[195],"dry":[196],"83,000":[199],"includes":[202],"13,000":[204],"CCNTR":[206,214],"Together,":[208],"these":[209],"results":[210],"suggest":[211],"could":[215],"be":[216],"most":[217],"promising":[218],"enable":[220],"crewed":[221],"missions":[222],"Mars.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2023-10-26T00:00:00"}