{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387907352","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15214204","title":"Enhancing the Piezoelectric Properties of 3D Printed PVDF Using Concurrent Torsional Shear Strain","display_name":"Enhancing the Piezoelectric Properties of 3D Printed PVDF Using Concurrent Torsional Shear Strain","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387907352","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15214204","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37959883"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/polym15214204","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15214204","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15214204","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/21/4204/pdf?version=1698137591","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123288148","display_name":"Polymers","issn_l":"2073-4360","issn":["2073-4360"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Polymers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/21/4204/pdf?version=1698137591","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011181565","display_name":"Pu Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4731-1637","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4731-1637"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pu Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ira A Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85212, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ira A Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85212, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082252612","display_name":"Alireza Tofangchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6738-1616","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6738-1616"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alireza Tofangchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["J. B. Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6738-1616","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"J. B. Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104187644","display_name":"Derek Carr","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Derek Carr","raw_affiliation_strings":["J. B. Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"J. B. Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100621217","display_name":"Sihan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9857-4448","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9857-4448"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sihan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["J. B. Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"J. B. Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042803967","display_name":"Keng Hsu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2426-5866","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2426-5866"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Keng Hsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ira A Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85212, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ira A Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85212, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042803967"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2669},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2669},"fwci":1.5189,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81108251,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"21","first_page":"4204","last_page":"4204"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10783","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies","score":0.5576000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10783","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies","score":0.5576000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11608","display_name":"Dielectric materials and actuators","score":0.36649999022483826,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10107","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials","score":0.021900000050663948,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polyvinylidene-fluoride","display_name":"polyvinylidene fluoride","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/piezoelectricity","display_name":"piezoelectric properties","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/material-extrusion","display_name":"material extrusion","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shear-strain","display_name":"shear strain","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beta-phase-crystallinity","display_name":"\u03b2-phase crystallinity","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polymer-chain-alignment","display_name":"polymer chain alignment","score":0.6830000281333923}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.8627043962478638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778958987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139143","display_name":"Extrusion","level":2,"score":0.7804248332977295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.7232857942581177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56200935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q250840","display_name":"Nozzle","level":2,"score":0.6099228858947754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100082104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183759","display_name":"Piezoelectricity","level":2,"score":0.5525054931640625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96035792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43606218","display_name":"Shear (geology)","level":2,"score":0.5306540727615356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.5109226107597351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524769229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229367","display_name":"3D printing","level":2,"score":0.4429539144039154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200990466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q271707","display_name":"Rheology","level":2,"score":0.4336935877799988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46275449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2458815","display_name":"Crystallinity","level":2,"score":0.4265872836112976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776254723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146393","display_name":"Polyvinylidene fluoride","level":3,"score":0.42326828837394714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.13050374388694763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/polym15214204","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15214204","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15214204","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/21/4204/pdf?version=1698137591","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123288148","display_name":"Polymers","issn_l":"2073-4360","issn":["2073-4360"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Polymers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37959883","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37959883","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Polymers","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10647440","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10647440","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10647440/pdf/polymers-15-04204.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Polymers (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:599861108bf447ee80153d899094ad0a","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/599861108bf447ee80153d899094ad0a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Polymers, Vol 15, Iss 21, p 4204 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/polym15214204","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15214204","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15214204","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/21/4204/pdf?version=1698137591","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123288148","display_name":"Polymers","issn_l":"2073-4360","issn":["2073-4360"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Polymers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.428600013256073}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387907352.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387907352.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977993501","https://openalex.org/W2147425382","https://openalex.org/W2554457439","https://openalex.org/W2610202831","https://openalex.org/W2615520555","https://openalex.org/W2685024654","https://openalex.org/W2724156092","https://openalex.org/W2791640262","https://openalex.org/W2792630086","https://openalex.org/W2796142959","https://openalex.org/W2797898089","https://openalex.org/W2804212979","https://openalex.org/W2825014033","https://openalex.org/W2883306737","https://openalex.org/W2887716624","https://openalex.org/W2900971113","https://openalex.org/W2908022222","https://openalex.org/W2925924400","https://openalex.org/W2967924977","https://openalex.org/W2980836869","https://openalex.org/W2981286307","https://openalex.org/W2995516387","https://openalex.org/W2997907146","https://openalex.org/W3023283553","https://openalex.org/W3037291351","https://openalex.org/W3085084996","https://openalex.org/W3091136884","https://openalex.org/W3181392834","https://openalex.org/W3183644669","https://openalex.org/W3186617829","https://openalex.org/W4229045996","https://openalex.org/W4283313007","https://openalex.org/W4307044579","https://openalex.org/W4376631228","https://openalex.org/W4378639290","https://openalex.org/W4382585579"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2612231299","https://openalex.org/W2392190959","https://openalex.org/W4385151264","https://openalex.org/W4408052307","https://openalex.org/W2259847155","https://openalex.org/W4386462767","https://openalex.org/W3163482158","https://openalex.org/W2388825389","https://openalex.org/W2801164705","https://openalex.org/W4366397777"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Extrusion-based":[0],"polymer":[1,25,109,125],"3D":[2,112],"printing":[3,55],"induces":[4],"shear":[5,51,60,116],"strains":[6,23,52,117],"within":[7],"the":[8,42,54,75,79,85,90,106,122,131],"material,":[9],"influencing":[10],"its":[11],"rheological":[12],"and":[13,31,110,130],"mechanical":[14],"properties.":[15,34],"In":[16],"materials":[17],"like":[18],"polyvinylidene":[19],"difluoride":[20],"(PVDF),":[21],"these":[22],"stretch":[24],"chains,":[26],"leading":[27],"to":[28,120],"increased":[29],"crystallinity":[30],"improved":[32],"piezoelectric":[33,43,76],"This":[35,99],"study":[36],"demonstrates":[37],"a":[38,64,102],"400%":[39],"enhancement":[40],"in":[41,69,105],"property":[44],"of":[45,78,84,92,108,124,134],"extrusion-printed":[46],"PVDF":[47],"by":[48],"introducing":[49],"additional":[50,70],"during":[53],"process.":[56],"The":[57,82],"continuous":[58],"torsional":[59],"strains,":[61],"imposed":[62],"via":[63],"rotating":[65],"extrusion":[66],"nozzle,":[67],"results":[68],"crystalline":[71],"\u03b2-phases,":[72],"directly":[73],"impacting":[74],"behavior":[77],"printed":[80,135],"parts.":[81,136],"effect":[83],"nozzle's":[86],"rotational":[87],"speed":[88],"on":[89],"amount":[91],"\u03b2-phase":[93],"formation":[94],"is":[95],"characterized":[96],"using":[97],"FTIR.":[98],"research":[100],"introduces":[101],"new":[103],"direction":[104],"development":[107],"composite":[111],"printing,":[113],"where":[114],"in-process":[115],"are":[118],"used":[119],"control":[121],"alignment":[123],"chains":[126],"and/or":[127],"in-fill":[128],"phases":[129],"overall":[132],"properties":[133]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
