{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387871031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3414621/v1","title":"Use and Cost of Healthcare Services Among Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Osteoarthritis of Hip/Knee with Inadequate Analgesia: Findings from two United States Health Systems","display_name":"Use and Cost of Healthcare Services Among Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Osteoarthritis of Hip/Knee with Inadequate Analgesia: Findings from two United States Health Systems","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387871031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3414621/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3414621/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3414621/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3414621/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-3414621/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-3414621/latest.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yi Lu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Evidera"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Evidera","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047100651","display_name":"Michael Lee Ganz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9702-2999","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9702-2999"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael L Ganz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Evidera"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Evidera","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071285179","display_name":"Rebecca L. Robinson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1490-0491","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1490-0491"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168537998","display_name":"Eli Lilly (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01qat3289","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168537998"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rebecca L Robinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Eli Lilly (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eli Lilly (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168537998"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012043091","display_name":"Anthony J. Zagar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8353-6665","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8353-6665"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168537998","display_name":"Eli Lilly (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01qat3289","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168537998"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony J Zagar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Eli Lilly (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eli Lilly (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168537998"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017477545","display_name":"Samuel Huse","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7633-2293","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7633-2293"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samuel Huse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Evidera"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Evidera","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007370082","display_name":"Craig T. Hartrick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1702-8870","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1702-8870"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Craig T Hartrick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Algosunesis"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Algosunesis","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061759102","display_name":"Beth Johnston","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168537998","display_name":"Eli Lilly (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01qat3289","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168537998"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beth Johnston","raw_affiliation_strings":["Eli Lilly (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eli Lilly (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168537998"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072846483","display_name":"Patricia Dorling","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180857899","display_name":"Pfizer (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01xdqrp08","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180857899"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patricia Dorling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pfizer (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pfizer (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180857899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022809857","display_name":"Sheena Thakkar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-9130","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-9130"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180857899","display_name":"Pfizer (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01xdqrp08","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180857899"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheena Thakkar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pfizer (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pfizer (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180857899"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088826060","display_name":"Ariel Berger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8833-4544","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8833-4544"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ariel Berger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Evidera"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Evidera","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10084","display_name":"Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation","score":0.6025000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10084","display_name":"Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation","score":0.6025000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10105","display_name":"Osteoarthritis Treatment and Mechanisms","score":0.13289999961853027,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11199","display_name":"Pain Management and Opioid Use","score":0.05040000006556511,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hip-osteoarthritis","display_name":"hip osteoarthritis","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knee-osteoarthritis","display_name":"knee osteoarthritis","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inadequate-analgesia","display_name":"inadequate analgesia","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-utilization","display_name":"health care utilization","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-costs","display_name":"health care costs","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-burden","display_name":"economic burden","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/case-identification-algorithm","display_name":"case identification algorithm","score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"machine learning","score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospitalization","display_name":"hospitalization","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergency-department-visits","display_name":"emergency department visits","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrated-delivery-networks","display_name":"integrated delivery networks","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/united-states-health-care-system","display_name":"United States health care system","score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-pain-management","display_name":"chronic pain management","score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonsteroidal-anti-inflammatory-drugs","display_name":"nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs","score":0.6110000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776164576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62736","display_name":"Osteoarthritis","level":3,"score":0.8715190887451172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8340702056884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.593080461025238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.5180345177650452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.43846699595451355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.4370288550853729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.23062315583229065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.13030755519866943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3414621/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3414621/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3414621/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-3414621/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3414621/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3414621/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3414621/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-3414621/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9922999739646912,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307758","display_name":"Eli Lilly and Company","ror":"https://ror.org/01qat3289"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387871031.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387871031.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W54366243","https://openalex.org/W1481316719","https://openalex.org/W1509154093","https://openalex.org/W1794964189","https://openalex.org/W1944307883","https://openalex.org/W1976873809","https://openalex.org/W2000755676","https://openalex.org/W2005346167","https://openalex.org/W2016665082","https://openalex.org/W2077187763","https://openalex.org/W2077601435","https://openalex.org/W2087363463","https://openalex.org/W2091242733","https://openalex.org/W2104428884","https://openalex.org/W2114128492","https://openalex.org/W2121656227","https://openalex.org/W2126049444","https://openalex.org/W2149708061","https://openalex.org/W2156026866","https://openalex.org/W2186987403","https://openalex.org/W2188671405","https://openalex.org/W2253845954","https://openalex.org/W2309051064","https://openalex.org/W2341080156","https://openalex.org/W2399442760","https://openalex.org/W2575631201","https://openalex.org/W2738388571","https://openalex.org/W2790175340","https://openalex.org/W2919451822","https://openalex.org/W2922998414","https://openalex.org/W2955666772","https://openalex.org/W2956180049","https://openalex.org/W2971652930","https://openalex.org/W2972593257","https://openalex.org/W3000036091","https://openalex.org/W3092532975","https://openalex.org/W3097532934","https://openalex.org/W3205211596","https://openalex.org/W3206683668","https://openalex.org/W4220840978","https://openalex.org/W4280641258","https://openalex.org/W4382776735","https://openalex.org/W6712356647"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3089012888","https://openalex.org/W2970607071","https://openalex.org/W3119138377","https://openalex.org/W4384029122","https://openalex.org/W2752665588","https://openalex.org/W4220942563","https://openalex.org/W3048257211","https://openalex.org/W4389678772","https://openalex.org/W3160608836","https://openalex.org/W2079009170"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background":[1],"Accurate":[2],"estimates":[3],"of":[4,39,95,105,139,149,178,181,242,289,303,313,317,325],"costs":[5,211,274,288],"specific":[6],"to":[7,21,26,51,135,251],"persons":[8],"with":[9,44,60,87,102,278,281],"moderate-to-severe":[10,45],"hip":[11],"and/or":[12],"knee":[13],"osteoarthritis":[14,47,62,99],"who":[15],"experience":[16],"inadequate":[17,49],"analgesia":[18],"are":[19,24],"difficult":[20],"obtain,":[22],"and":[23,37,48,82,101,122,144,147,151,164,173,198,215,232,270,305,310,330],"likely":[25],"be":[27],"substantial.":[28],"To":[29],"address":[30],"this":[31,33],"issue,":[32],"study":[34,68,112,321],"compared":[35],"use":[36,184],"cost":[38,148],"healthcare":[40,70,153,182,217,268,273,291],"services":[41,154,183,218,269,292],"among":[42],"patients":[43,59,265,277],"hip/knee":[46,61,88,98,279,318],"response":[50,332],"\u2265":[52,91],"two":[53,75],"pain-related":[54],"medications":[55],"(\u201ccases\u201d)":[56],"vs.":[57,193,202,227,234],"other":[58,179,276],"(\u201ccomparators\u201d).":[63],"Methods":[64],"This":[65],"retrospective":[66],"cohort":[67],"used":[69,134,266],"claims":[71],"data":[72,262],"obtained":[73],"from":[74],"integrated":[76],"delivery":[77],"networks:":[78],"Henry":[79],"Ford":[80],"Health":[81],"Reliant":[83],"Medical":[84],"Group.":[85],"Patients":[86,117],"osteoarthritis,":[89,280],"aged":[90],"18":[92],"years":[93],"as":[94],"their":[96],"first":[97],"diagnosis,":[100],"no":[103],"evidence":[104],"malignancy":[106],"at":[107],"any":[108],"time":[109],"during":[110],"the":[111,137,249,255,282,295,301,307,323],"period":[113],"(2014\u20132018)":[114],"were":[115,118,133,155,185,219],"identified.":[116],"stratified":[119],"into":[120],"cases":[121,143,163,223],"comparators":[123,225],"using":[124],"a":[125,243],"previously":[126,244],"developed":[127],"machine-learning":[128,246],"algorithm.":[129],"Inverse":[130],"probability":[131],"weights":[132],"balance":[136],"distribution":[138],"baseline":[140],"characteristics":[141],"between":[142],"comparators.":[145,167],"Use":[146,241],"osteoarthritis-related":[150,174,190,214],"all-cause":[152,216],"assessed.":[156],"Results":[157],"The":[158],"sample":[159],"included":[160],"12,801":[161],"(84.7%)":[162],"2,318":[165],"(15.3%)":[166],"Except":[168],"for":[169,187,212,222,257],"emergency":[170],"department":[171],"visits":[172,200],"pharmacotherapies,":[175],"weighted":[176],"rates":[177],"types":[180],"higher":[186,221,272],"cases,":[188,253],"especially":[189],"hospitalizations":[191],"(36.4":[192],"9.6":[194],"per":[195,204],"100":[196,205],"patient-years)":[197],"non-physician":[199],"(103.8":[201],"45.8":[203],"patient-years).":[206],"Mean":[207],"adjusted":[208,286],"12-month":[209],"cumulative":[210,285],"both":[213,327],"substantially":[220],"than":[224,275],"($7,477":[226],"$1,606,":[228],"p":[229,236],"<":[230],"0.01":[231],"$16,950":[233],"$11,113,":[235],"=":[237],"0.02,":[238],"respectively).":[239],"Conclusions":[240],"validated":[245],"algorithm":[247],"improves":[248],"ability":[250],"identify":[252],"without":[254],"need":[256,324],"chart":[258],"review":[259],"or":[260],"primary":[261],"collection.":[263],"Case":[264],"more":[267,314],"incurred":[271],"difference":[283],"in":[284],"total":[287],"OA-specific":[290],"increased":[293],"over":[294],"follow-up":[296],"period.":[297],"These":[298],"findings":[299],"illustrate":[300],"importance":[302],"understanding":[304],"estimating":[306],"economic":[308],"burden":[309],"unmet":[311],"needs":[312],"severe":[315],"forms":[316],"osteoarthritis.":[319],"Our":[320],"highlights":[322],"considering":[326],"disease":[328],"severity":[329],"treatment":[331],"profiles":[333],"when":[334],"treating":[335],"OA.":[336]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-17T09:40:24.721904","created_date":"2023-10-24T00:00:00"}