{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387841981","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2023.103499","title":"Flooding in the urban fringes: Analysis of flood inundation and hazard levels within the informal settlement of Kibera in Nairobi, Kenya","display_name":"Flooding in the urban fringes: Analysis of flood inundation and hazard levels within the informal settlement of Kibera in Nairobi, Kenya","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387841981","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2023.103499"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.pce.2023.103499","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2023.103499","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2023.103499","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210168340","display_name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth Parts A/B/C","issn_l":"1474-7065","issn":["1474-7065","1873-5193"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061038305","display_name":"Benard Juma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6277-1682","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6277-1682"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140287389","display_name":"Technical University of Kenya","ror":"https://ror.org/04eehsy38","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140287389"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Benard Juma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Integrated Water Resource Management, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya","Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya","Department of Geoscience and Environment, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Integrated Water Resource Management, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140287389"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140287389"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geoscience and Environment, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140287389"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001730450","display_name":"Luke Olang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7427-7251","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7427-7251"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140287389","display_name":"Technical University of Kenya","ror":"https://ror.org/04eehsy38","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140287389"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luke O. Olang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Integrated Water Resource Management, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya","Department of Biosystems and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Integrated Water Resource Management, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140287389"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biosystems and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140287389"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014567765","display_name":"Mohammed Ahmed Hassan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2928-6116","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2928-6116"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140287389","display_name":"Technical University of Kenya","ror":"https://ror.org/04eehsy38","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140287389"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed A. Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Integrated Water Resource Management, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya","Department of Biosystems and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Integrated Water Resource Management, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140287389"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biosystems and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140287389"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026570256","display_name":"Stanley Chasia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5496-1611","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5496-1611"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140287389","display_name":"Technical University of Kenya","ror":"https://ror.org/04eehsy38","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140287389"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stanley Chasia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya","Department of Geoscience and Environment, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140287389"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geoscience and Environment, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140287389"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113693762","display_name":"Joe Mulligan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8614-3787","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8614-3787","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7124-8466"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joe Mulligan","raw_affiliation_strings":["KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden","Kounkuey Design Initiative, Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kounkuey Design Initiative, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004334227","display_name":"Paul M. Shiundu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140287389","display_name":"Technical University of Kenya","ror":"https://ror.org/04eehsy38","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140287389"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul M. Shiundu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Integrated Water Resource Management, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya","School of Chemistry and Material Science, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Integrated Water Resource Management, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140287389"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chemistry and Material Science, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140287389"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061038305"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140287389"],"apc_list":{"value":2820,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2820},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6454,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81866937,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"132","issue":null,"first_page":"103499","last_page":"103499"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11119","display_name":"Urban Stormwater Management Solutions","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10330","display_name":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-flooding","display_name":"urban flooding","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flood-inundation","display_name":"flood inundation","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/informal-settlements","display_name":"informal settlements","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kibera","display_name":"Kibera","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrodynamic-flood-modelling","display_name":"hydrodynamic flood modelling","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hec-ras","display_name":"HEC-RAS","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flood-risk-management","display_name":"flood risk management","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change","display_name":"climate change","score":0.4580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rapid-urbanization","display_name":"rapid urbanization","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flood-depth","display_name":"inundation depth","score":0.30300000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flood-velocity","display_name":"flood velocity","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/100-year-storm","display_name":"100-year storm","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-risk-management","display_name":"climate risk management","score":0.37299999594688416}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74256435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134052","display_name":"Flood myth","level":2,"score":0.8250775337219238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186594467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1429176","display_name":"Flooding (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.743371307849884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39853841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161078","display_name":"Urbanization","level":2,"score":0.6686854362487793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5895239114761353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.5347038507461548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777063073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1553237","display_name":"Settlement (finance)","level":3,"score":0.5054590702056885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4931938052177429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777420705","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5460072","display_name":"Flood mitigation","level":3,"score":0.4597243666648865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524765639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501619","display_name":"Water resource management","level":1,"score":0.37216222286224365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.12386131286621094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11547541618347168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.pce.2023.103499","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2023.103499","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2023.103499","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210168340","display_name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth Parts A/B/C","issn_l":"1474-7065","issn":["1474-7065","1873-5193"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"},{"score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"},{"score":0.821399986743927,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G495887754","display_name":"Flood Resilience in Slums: Community-Responsive Adaptation in Kibera, Nairobi","funder_award_id":"2016-06334","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322581","funder_display_name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322581","display_name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","ror":"https://ror.org/03zttf063"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":152,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W31082023","https://openalex.org/W627415169","https://openalex.org/W1579963711","https://openalex.org/W1583734310","https://openalex.org/W1964182760","https://openalex.org/W1966916217","https://openalex.org/W1978988881","https://openalex.org/W1984947019","https://openalex.org/W1996133715","https://openalex.org/W2006167039","https://openalex.org/W2006247014","https://openalex.org/W2008212464","https://openalex.org/W2038545559","https://openalex.org/W2052585917","https://openalex.org/W2070472577","https://openalex.org/W2081533047","https://openalex.org/W2082176294","https://openalex.org/W2083254329","https://openalex.org/W2091407092","https://openalex.org/W2092451100","https://openalex.org/W2118671384","https://openalex.org/W2156216129","https://openalex.org/W2164259225","https://openalex.org/W2166309152","https://openalex.org/W2169944613","https://openalex.org/W2188101156","https://openalex.org/W2265181897","https://openalex.org/W2324259163","https://openalex.org/W2336831281","https://openalex.org/W2345655359","https://openalex.org/W2415399110","https://openalex.org/W2477379665","https://openalex.org/W2550174037","https://openalex.org/W2550540859","https://openalex.org/W2564513387","https://openalex.org/W2593388048","https://openalex.org/W2594521402","https://openalex.org/W2600772194","https://openalex.org/W2601756978","https://openalex.org/W2620337128","https://openalex.org/W2673798664","https://openalex.org/W2734784228","https://openalex.org/W2775889683","https://openalex.org/W2787878236","https://openalex.org/W2797058043","https://openalex.org/W2801796266","https://openalex.org/W2807638832","https://openalex.org/W2811257682","https://openalex.org/W2889081022","https://openalex.org/W2889994303","https://openalex.org/W2900962766","https://openalex.org/W2911330350","https://openalex.org/W2912650274","https://openalex.org/W2914510352","https://openalex.org/W2919531013","https://openalex.org/W2937591255","https://openalex.org/W2941817696","https://openalex.org/W2943614450","https://openalex.org/W2944211531","https://openalex.org/W2952146522","https://openalex.org/W2971660881","https://openalex.org/W2971855613","https://openalex.org/W2976379594","https://openalex.org/W2978840973","https://openalex.org/W2979423234","https://openalex.org/W2990737185","https://openalex.org/W2993665924","https://openalex.org/W2999796277","https://openalex.org/W3003794536","https://openalex.org/W3006981923","https://openalex.org/W3008607642","https://openalex.org/W3010293358","https://openalex.org/W3010454674","https://openalex.org/W3011062114","https://openalex.org/W3012105898","https://openalex.org/W3013412073","https://openalex.org/W3023661246","https://openalex.org/W3025605306","https://openalex.org/W3033039979","https://openalex.org/W3042574977","https://openalex.org/W3048586986","https://openalex.org/W3080093771","https://openalex.org/W3081518010","https://openalex.org/W3087376617","https://openalex.org/W3091864430","https://openalex.org/W3094518900","https://openalex.org/W3108667378","https://openalex.org/W3127156490","https://openalex.org/W3128700941","https://openalex.org/W3131531787","https://openalex.org/W3133136601","https://openalex.org/W3137977898","https://openalex.org/W3155483058","https://openalex.org/W3156005155","https://openalex.org/W3157807661","https://openalex.org/W3161893817","https://openalex.org/W3164358813","https://openalex.org/W3169474731","https://openalex.org/W3171121250","https://openalex.org/W3179251834","https://openalex.org/W3183961759","https://openalex.org/W3184338380","https://openalex.org/W3185009805","https://openalex.org/W3185088368","https://openalex.org/W3204182600","https://openalex.org/W3208261418","https://openalex.org/W3216064673","https://openalex.org/W3216801099","https://openalex.org/W4200124799","https://openalex.org/W4200395918","https://openalex.org/W4205231474","https://openalex.org/W4205738348","https://openalex.org/W4210513857","https://openalex.org/W4213249840","https://openalex.org/W4220678557","https://openalex.org/W4220874511","https://openalex.org/W4221125115","https://openalex.org/W4226203363","https://openalex.org/W4231928506","https://openalex.org/W4252151360","https://openalex.org/W4281679770","https://openalex.org/W4284892275","https://openalex.org/W4285733572","https://openalex.org/W4289333704","https://openalex.org/W4292295305","https://openalex.org/W4292695340","https://openalex.org/W4294691968","https://openalex.org/W4297502297","https://openalex.org/W4306855777","https://openalex.org/W4308876646","https://openalex.org/W4313399241","https://openalex.org/W4313550885","https://openalex.org/W4313827806","https://openalex.org/W4315486658","https://openalex.org/W4315781096","https://openalex.org/W4317531797","https://openalex.org/W4318479402","https://openalex.org/W4318777257","https://openalex.org/W4320494398","https://openalex.org/W4321460182","https://openalex.org/W4322099558","https://openalex.org/W4322505840","https://openalex.org/W4382401094","https://openalex.org/W4387332415","https://openalex.org/W6740179164","https://openalex.org/W6748579861","https://openalex.org/W6762289765","https://openalex.org/W6773198136","https://openalex.org/W6779303909","https://openalex.org/W6782383830","https://openalex.org/W6795902283","https://openalex.org/W6981243515"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4294691968","https://openalex.org/W4292695340","https://openalex.org/W2223711977","https://openalex.org/W7161547054","https://openalex.org/W3202522004","https://openalex.org/W6885061424","https://openalex.org/W3105178581","https://openalex.org/W3158133899","https://openalex.org/W1570709004","https://openalex.org/W6906448223"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2023-10-22T00:00:00"}
