{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387828398","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2196/51873","title":"Usability and Efficacy of Artificial Intelligence Chatbots (ChatGPT) for Health Sciences Students: Protocol for a Crossover Randomized Controlled Trial","display_name":"Usability and Efficacy of Artificial Intelligence Chatbots (ChatGPT) for Health Sciences Students: Protocol for a Crossover Randomized Controlled Trial","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387828398","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2196/51873","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37999958"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2196/51873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2196/51873","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2196/51873","pdf_url":"https://www.researchprotocols.org/2023/1/e51873/PDF","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2739058702","display_name":"JMIR Research Protocols","issn_l":"1929-0748","issn":["1929-0748"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320608","host_organization_name":"JMIR Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320608"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["JMIR Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JMIR Research Protocols","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.researchprotocols.org/2023/1/e51873/PDF","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040520182","display_name":"Mirella Maria Soares V\u00e9ras","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4124-1543","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4124-1543"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127220","display_name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation","ror":"https://ror.org/031yz7195","country_code":"CA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127220"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mirella Veras","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal, Montr\u00e9al, QC, Canada","Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4124-1543","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal, Montr\u00e9al, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127220"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080036345","display_name":"Joseph-Omer Dyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7570-9941","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7570-9941"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph-Omer Dyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Recherche sur la Cognition et le Raisonnement Professionnel, Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, QC, Canada","\u00c9cole de R\u00e9adaptation, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7570-9941","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Recherche sur la Cognition et le Raisonnement Professionnel, Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00c9cole de R\u00e9adaptation, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075629373","display_name":"Morgan Rooney","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5261-5929","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5261-5929"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Morgan Rooney","raw_affiliation_strings":["Teaching and Learning Services, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5261-5929","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Teaching and Learning Services, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014569708","display_name":"Paulo Goberl\u00e2nio de Barros Silva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1513-9027","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1513-9027"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122181","display_name":"Unichristus","ror":"https://ror.org/02kt6vs55","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122181"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paulo Goberl\u00e2nio Barros Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro Universit\u00e1rio Christus, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1513-9027","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro Universit\u00e1rio Christus, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122181"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043298938","display_name":"Derek James Rutherford","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2688-6201","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2688-6201"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129902397","display_name":"Dalhousie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01e6qks80","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Derek Rutherford","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physiotherapy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2688-6201","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physiotherapy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044444945","display_name":"Dahlia Kairy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6872-6607","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6872-6607"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127220","display_name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation","ror":"https://ror.org/031yz7195","country_code":"CA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127220"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150047","display_name":"Sant\u00e9 Qu\u00e9bec Centre-Sud-de-l\u2019\u00cele-de-Montr\u00e9al \u2013 Universitaire","ror":"https://ror.org/04mc33q52","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801902503","https://openalex.org/I4210139015","https://openalex.org/I4210150047","https://openalex.org/I4405279980"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dahlia Kairy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal, Montr\u00e9al, QC, Canada","Institut Universitaire sur la R\u00e9adaptation en D\u00e9ficience Physique de Montr\u00e9al, Centre Int\u00e9gr\u00e9 Universitaire de Sant\u00e9 et Services Sociaux du Centre-Sud-de-l'\u00cele-de-Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, QC, Canada","\u00c9cole de R\u00e9adaptation, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6872-6607","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal, Montr\u00e9al, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127220"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut Universitaire sur la R\u00e9adaptation en D\u00e9ficience Physique de Montr\u00e9al, Centre Int\u00e9gr\u00e9 Universitaire de Sant\u00e9 et Services Sociaux du Centre-Sud-de-l'\u00cele-de-Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150047"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00c9cole de R\u00e9adaptation, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040520182"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127220","https://openalex.org/I67031392"],"apc_list":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1900},"apc_paid":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1900},"fwci":1.6181,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85853519,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"e51873","last_page":"e51873"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.7631999850273132,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.7631999850273132,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14414","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Education","score":0.23469999432563782,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chatgpt","display_name":"ChatGPT","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-language-models","display_name":"large language models","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence-in-education","display_name":"artificial intelligence in education","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-sciences-students","display_name":"health sciences students","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"usability","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-outcomes","display_name":"learning outcomes","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-disease","display_name":"chronic disease","score":0.5329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientific-writing","display_name":"scientific writing","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-perceptions","display_name":"student perceptions","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-learning-tools","display_name":"online learning tools","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/responsible-use-of-ai","display_name":"responsible AI use","score":0.5080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/undergraduate-education","display_name":"undergraduate education","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-thinking","display_name":"critical thinking","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-artificial-intelligence-in-education","display_name":"generative AI in education","score":0.5059999823570251}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.727785587310791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.6562657356262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.6103774905204773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779041454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870780","display_name":"Chatbot","level":2,"score":0.4889182150363922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46477869153022766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.43746885657310486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87813604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1242899","display_name":"Crossover study","level":4,"score":0.42640066146850586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3912392258644104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3585967421531677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.2998032569885254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2335936725139618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.17948195338249207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27081682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269829","display_name":"Placebo","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2196/51873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2196/51873","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2196/51873","pdf_url":"https://www.researchprotocols.org/2023/1/e51873/PDF","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2739058702","display_name":"JMIR Research Protocols","issn_l":"1929-0748","issn":["1929-0748"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320608","host_organization_name":"JMIR Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320608"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["JMIR Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JMIR Research Protocols","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.2196/preprints.51873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2196/preprints.51873","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/preprints.51873","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmid:37999958","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37999958","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JMIR research protocols","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:carleton.scholaris.ca:20.500.14718/44314","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14718/44314","pdf_url":"https://carleton.scholaris.ca/bitstreams/b448deb5-4bba-4c3f-a8e7-a2cab512cd23/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402514","display_name":"Carleton University's Institutional Repository (MacOdrum Library, Carleton University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10709780","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10709780","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/10709780/bin/resprot_v12i1e51873_app2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"JMIR Res Protoc","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e83b4862213e4f0d9e0984e6c642c8d6","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e83b4862213e4f0d9e0984e6c642c8d6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"JMIR Research Protocols, Vol 12, p e51873 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2196/51873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2196/51873","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2196/51873","pdf_url":"https://www.researchprotocols.org/2023/1/e51873/PDF","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2739058702","display_name":"JMIR Research Protocols","issn_l":"1929-0748","issn":["1929-0748"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320608","host_organization_name":"JMIR Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320608"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["JMIR Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JMIR Research Protocols","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9476000070571899,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"score":0.9235000014305115,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/study-protocol","display_name":"Study Protocol"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387828398.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387828398.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W19399978","https://openalex.org/W1964596829","https://openalex.org/W2144504916","https://openalex.org/W2400229169","https://openalex.org/W2766198626","https://openalex.org/W2901999657","https://openalex.org/W2929198708","https://openalex.org/W2955930369","https://openalex.org/W2963849010","https://openalex.org/W3000745790","https://openalex.org/W3010058517","https://openalex.org/W3011492341","https://openalex.org/W3035901421","https://openalex.org/W3042227183","https://openalex.org/W3083992516","https://openalex.org/W3089504954","https://openalex.org/W3127883350","https://openalex.org/W3138684034","https://openalex.org/W3190114291","https://openalex.org/W3200368657","https://openalex.org/W3213900994","https://openalex.org/W4232656749","https://openalex.org/W4233954896","https://openalex.org/W4244070852","https://openalex.org/W4280540868","https://openalex.org/W4304943299","https://openalex.org/W4308730821","https://openalex.org/W4310153968","https://openalex.org/W4312212020","https://openalex.org/W4313564992","https://openalex.org/W4319083882","https://openalex.org/W4322718967","https://openalex.org/W4327946446","https://openalex.org/W4376224599","https://openalex.org/W4378473491","https://openalex.org/W4379010216","https://openalex.org/W4381982883","https://openalex.org/W4384819645","https://openalex.org/W4385815999","https://openalex.org/W4386959594","https://openalex.org/W4387363029","https://openalex.org/W6945883765"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4383501580","https://openalex.org/W4214931137","https://openalex.org/W4313813117","https://openalex.org/W4382052417","https://openalex.org/W3192088754","https://openalex.org/W4387007686","https://openalex.org/W3084631705","https://openalex.org/W3176146353","https://openalex.org/W4293646425","https://openalex.org/W3150216605"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"The":[1,15,110,183,255,324],"integration":[2,375,414],"of":[3,18,54,104,150,160,168,174,250,261,267,276,310,321,342,376,396,415],"artificial":[4],"intelligence":[5],"(AI)":[6],"into":[7,378,417],"health":[8,69,131,386],"sciences":[9,70,132,387],"students'":[10,239,277],"education":[11,37,58],"holds":[12],"significant":[13,192],"importance.":[14],"rapid":[16],"advancement":[17],"AI":[19,35,55,312,377,416],"has":[20,28],"opened":[21],"new":[22],"horizons":[23],"in":[24,36,57,194,229,241,318,353],"scientific":[25],"writing":[26,243],"and":[27,65,81,94,102,127,156,197,206,217,265,279,308,335,356,360,370,394,409],"the":[29,52,91,95,100,157,165,169,259,262,270,274,297,305,319,346,351,354,373,392,412],"potential":[30,306],"to":[31,43,48,72,87,98,214,224,293,303,328,367,406],"reshape":[32],"human-technology":[33],"interactions.":[34],"may":[38],"impact":[39,344],"critical":[40,330],"thinking,":[41],"leading":[42],"unintended":[44],"consequences":[45],"that":[46,187,332],"need":[47,333],"be":[49,178,190,222,290],"addressed.":[50],"Understanding":[51],"implications":[53],"adoption":[56],"is":[59,113,148,163,258,273],"essential":[60,79],"for":[61,123,180],"ensuring":[62],"its":[63,116],"responsible":[64,374,413],"effective":[66],"use,":[67],"empowering":[68],"students":[71,176,201,371,410],"navigate":[73],"AI-driven":[74],"technologies'":[75],"evolving":[76],"field":[77],"with":[78,134,246,281,381,399],"knowledge":[80],"skills.":[82],"OBJECTIVE:":[83],"This":[84,142,300],"study":[85,92,301,365,404],"aims":[86,302],"provide":[88],"details":[89],"on":[90,114,138,164,345,372,385],"protocol":[93],"methods":[96,154],"used":[97],"investigate":[99],"usability":[101,199,264,355,393],"efficacy":[103,357,395],"ChatGPT,":[105,268],"a":[106,119,135,151,191,230,242,247,284,339,382],"large":[107],"language":[108],"model.":[109],"primary":[111,158,256],"focus":[112,384],"assessing":[115],"role":[117],"as":[118,283,313],"supplementary":[120],"learning":[121,125,195,285],"tool":[122],"improving":[124],"processes":[126],"outcomes":[128,196],"among":[129],"undergraduate":[130],"students,":[133],"specific":[136,383],"emphasis":[137,159],"chronic":[139],"diseases.":[140],"METHODS:":[141],"single-blinded,":[143],"crossover,":[144],"randomized,":[145],"controlled":[146],"trial":[147],"part":[149],"broader":[152],"mixed":[153],"study,":[155],"this":[161,181,364,403],"paper":[162],"quantitative":[166],"component":[167],"overall":[170],"research.":[171],"A":[172],"total":[173],"50":[175],"will":[177,189,221,289],"recruited":[179],"study.":[182],"alternative":[184],"hypothesis":[185],"posits":[186],"there":[188],"difference":[193],"technology":[198,263],"between":[200,253,358],"using":[202,208,233],"ChatGPT":[203,282,359,397],"(group":[204,212],"A)":[205],"those":[207],"standard":[209],"web-based":[210,362,401],"tools":[211],"B)":[213],"access":[215],"resources":[216],"complete":[218],"assignments.":[219],"Participants":[220],"allocated":[223],"sequence":[225],"AB":[226],"or":[227],"BA":[228],"1:1":[231],"ratio":[232],"computer-generated":[234],"randomization.":[235],"Both":[236],"arms":[237],"include":[238],"participation":[240],"assignment":[244],"intervention,":[245],"washout":[248],"period":[249],"21":[251],"days":[252],"interventions.":[254,298],"outcome":[257,272],"measure":[260,275],"effectiveness":[266],"whereas":[269],"secondary":[271],"perceptions":[278],"experiences":[280],"tool.":[286],"Outcome":[287],"data":[288],"collected":[291],"up":[292],"24":[294],"hours":[295],"after":[296],"RESULTS:":[299],"understand":[304],"benefits":[307],"challenges":[309],"incorporating":[311],"an":[314],"educational":[315,347],"tool,":[316],"particularly":[317],"context":[320],"student":[322],"learning.":[323],"findings":[325],"are":[326],"expected":[327],"identify":[329],"areas":[331],"attention":[334],"help":[336],"educators":[337,369,408],"develop":[338],"deeper":[340],"understanding":[341],"AI's":[343],"field.":[348],"By":[349,390],"exploring":[350,391],"differences":[352],"conventional":[361,400],"tools,":[363,402],"seeks":[366,405],"inform":[368,407],"academic":[379,418],"settings,":[380],"education.":[388],"CONCLUSIONS:":[389],"compared":[398],"about":[411],"settings.":[419],"TRIAL":[420],"REGISTRATION:":[421],"ClinicalTrails.gov":[422],"NCT05963802;":[423],"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05963802.":[424],"INTERNATIONAL":[425],"REGISTERED":[426],"REPORT":[427],"IDENTIFIER":[428],"(IRRID):":[429],"PRR1-10.2196/51873.":[430]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-17T09:40:24.721904","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
