{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387740332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lst.2023.36","title":"The imperfect legitimacy of judicial umpires in European multilevel democracies","display_name":"The imperfect legitimacy of judicial umpires in European multilevel democracies","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387740332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lst.2023.36"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/lst.2023.36","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lst.2023.36","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lst.2023.36","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/D1B67DEFC643BC60224C9E1F2A863FF5/S0261387523000363a.pdf/div-class-title-the-imperfect-legitimacy-of-judicial-umpires-in-european-multilevel-democracies-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S85654233","display_name":"Legal Studies","issn_l":"0261-3875","issn":["0261-3875","1748-121X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Legal Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/D1B67DEFC643BC60224C9E1F2A863FF5/S0261387523000363a.pdf/div-class-title-the-imperfect-legitimacy-of-judicial-umpires-in-european-multilevel-democracies-div.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003019425","display_name":"Pablo Jos\u00e9 Castillo Ortiz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4540-1855","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4540-1855"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pablo Castillo-Ortiz","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4540-1855","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003019425"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"],"apc_list":{"value":3255,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3255},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":19.757,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99099514,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"2","first_page":"242","last_page":"259"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10802","display_name":"Judicial and Constitutional Studies","score":0.9599999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10802","display_name":"Judicial and Constitutional Studies","score":0.9599999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13710","display_name":"European and International Law Studies","score":0.038600001484155655,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12332","display_name":"Comparative constitutional jurisprudence studies","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constitutional-court","display_name":"constitutional courts","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legitimacy","display_name":"legitimacy","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilevel-democracy","display_name":"multilevel democracy","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/european-constitutionalism","display_name":"European constitutionalism","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democratic-legitimacy","display_name":"democratic legitimacy","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-design","display_name":"institutional design","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reputational-costs","display_name":"reputational costs","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/judicial-independence","display_name":"judicial independence","score":0.33799999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46295352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207982","display_name":"Legitimacy","level":3,"score":0.9228220582008362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185656870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190044","display_name":"Technocracy","level":3,"score":0.7757410407066345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991994803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207982","display_name":"Democratic legitimacy","level":4,"score":0.6809616684913635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.6213796138763428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780310539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12547192","display_name":"Imperfect","level":2,"score":0.49560511112213135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.4725736677646637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.43427854776382446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.42163392901420593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.4171047806739807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.23674896359443665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/lst.2023.36","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lst.2023.36","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lst.2023.36","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/D1B67DEFC643BC60224C9E1F2A863FF5/S0261387523000363a.pdf/div-class-title-the-imperfect-legitimacy-of-judicial-umpires-in-european-multilevel-democracies-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S85654233","display_name":"Legal Studies","issn_l":"0261-3875","issn":["0261-3875","1748-121X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Legal Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:203171","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/203171/3/Manuscript%20FINAL.pdf","pdf_url":"https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/203171/3/Manuscript%20FINAL.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400854","display_name":"White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/lst.2023.36","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lst.2023.36","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lst.2023.36","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/D1B67DEFC643BC60224C9E1F2A863FF5/S0261387523000363a.pdf/div-class-title-the-imperfect-legitimacy-of-judicial-umpires-in-european-multilevel-democracies-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S85654233","display_name":"Legal Studies","issn_l":"0261-3875","issn":["0261-3875","1748-121X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Legal Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":1.0,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315885","display_name":"Australian Government","ror":"https://ror.org/0314h5y94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387740332.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387740332.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W657919860","https://openalex.org/W1601703842","https://openalex.org/W1991973455","https://openalex.org/W2059463690","https://openalex.org/W2075838555","https://openalex.org/W2090627128","https://openalex.org/W2104421108","https://openalex.org/W2107815919","https://openalex.org/W2126328978","https://openalex.org/W2184973915","https://openalex.org/W2524042838","https://openalex.org/W2794815296","https://openalex.org/W2796275463","https://openalex.org/W3124245477","https://openalex.org/W3125895997","https://openalex.org/W4206743065"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2287346412","https://openalex.org/W2280391251","https://openalex.org/W4414614694","https://openalex.org/W4377029888","https://openalex.org/W2929205544","https://openalex.org/W6898922330","https://openalex.org/W642051467","https://openalex.org/W2075704521","https://openalex.org/W4297884033","https://openalex.org/W7131582251"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Judicial":[1],"institutions":[2],"have":[3],"become":[4],"the":[5,15,29,33,93],"standard":[6],"solution":[7],"to":[8,50,91],"umpire":[9],"multilevel":[10,42],"polities":[11],"across":[12],"much":[13],"of":[14,35,56,72],"European":[16,41],"continent.":[17],"However,":[18,69],"such":[19],"arrangement":[20],"is":[21,86],"not":[22],"free":[23],"from":[24],"complexities.":[25],"This":[26],"paper":[27],"analyses":[28],"problems":[30],"associated":[31],"with":[32],"construction":[34],"legitimacy":[36,73],"regarding":[37],"constitutional":[38,47],"courts":[39,48],"in":[40,75,96],"democracies.":[43],"In":[44],"these":[45,70,100],"polities,":[46],"tend":[49],"rely":[51],"on":[52],"three":[53],"different":[54],"forms":[55,71],"legitimacy,":[57],"which":[58],"are":[59,74],"embedded":[60],"into":[61],"their":[62],"institutional":[63],"design:":[64],"democratic,":[65],"multilevel;":[66],"and":[67],"technocratic.":[68],"tension,":[76],"often":[77],"undermining":[78],"one":[79],"another":[80],"when":[81],"combined.":[82],"Furthermore,":[83],"this":[84],"tension":[85],"exploited":[87],"by":[88],"political":[89],"actors":[90],"attack":[92],"courts,":[94],"resulting":[95],"reputational":[97],"costs":[98],"for":[99],"institutions.":[101]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2023-10-19T00:00:00"}