{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387739239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24136/eq.2023.022","title":"Asymmetry and convergence in the development of digital technologies in the EU countries","display_name":"Asymmetry and convergence in the development of digital technologies in the EU countries","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387739239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24136/eq.2023.022"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.24136/eq.2023.022","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24136/eq.2023.022","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24136/eq.2023.022","pdf_url":"https://journals.economic-research.pl/eq/article/download/2699/2114","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738413198","display_name":"Equilibrium Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy","issn_l":"1689-765X","issn":["1689-765X","2353-3293"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["erih-plus","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317385","host_organization_name":"Institute of Economic Research, Polish Economic Society Branch in Toru\u0144, Faculty of Economic Sciences and Management at Nicolaus","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317385"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Economic Research, Polish Economic Society Branch in Toru\u0144, Faculty of Economic Sciences and Management at Nicolaus"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.economic-research.pl/eq/article/download/2699/2114","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051763867","display_name":"Irina Kolupaieva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1256-0817","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1256-0817"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102134673","display_name":"Link\u00f6ping University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ynxx418","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irina Kolupaieva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Linkoping University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1256-0817","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Linkoping University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044223521","display_name":"Larysa Tiesheva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2007-9150","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2007-9150"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8765205","display_name":"V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ftejk10","country_code":"UA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8765205"]}],"countries":["UA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Larysa Tiesheva","raw_affiliation_strings":["V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2007-9150","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8765205"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":200,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":215},"apc_paid":{"value":200,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":215},"fwci":6.0379,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95860342,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"3","first_page":"687","last_page":"716"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12958","display_name":"Digital Economy and Transformation","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12958","display_name":"Digital Economy and Transformation","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11499","display_name":"ICT Impact and Policies","score":0.010200000368058681,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13867","display_name":"Economic Growth and Development","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-divide","display_name":"digital divide","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-gap","display_name":"digital gap","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-convergence","display_name":"digital convergence","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digitalization","display_name":"digitalization","score":0.597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/e-commerce","display_name":"e-commerce","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"cloud computing","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"artificial intelligence","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-competitiveness","display_name":"national competitiveness","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digitalization-policy","display_name":"digitalization policy","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innovation-investment","display_name":"innovation investment","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eu-member-states","display_name":"EU member states","score":0.46799999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-transformation","display_name":"digital transformation","score":0.32100000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.6959999799728394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780807304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7692605","display_name":"Technology gap","level":2,"score":0.6233052015304565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5819053053855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.579391360282898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126082660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4252370","display_name":"Digital transformation","level":2,"score":0.5123752355575562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.49921512603759766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552854447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131201","display_name":"Sustainable development","level":2,"score":0.4481819272041321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173655357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244752","display_name":"Digital divide","level":3,"score":0.44248712062835693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.36692243814468384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67363961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5268834","display_name":"Information and Communications Technology","level":2,"score":0.35989654064178467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.23458826541900635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.2204345464706421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.18312695622444153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.17488840222358704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.12467893958091736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.24136/eq.2023.022","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24136/eq.2023.022","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24136/eq.2023.022","pdf_url":"https://journals.economic-research.pl/eq/article/download/2699/2114","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738413198","display_name":"Equilibrium Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy","issn_l":"1689-765X","issn":["1689-765X","2353-3293"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["erih-plus","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317385","host_organization_name":"Institute of Economic Research, Polish Economic Society Branch in Toru\u0144, Faculty of Economic Sciences and Management at Nicolaus","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317385"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Economic Research, Polish Economic Society Branch in Toru\u0144, Faculty of Economic Sciences and Management at Nicolaus"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.24136/eq.2023.022","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24136/eq.2023.022","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24136/eq.2023.022","pdf_url":"https://journals.economic-research.pl/eq/article/download/2699/2114","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738413198","display_name":"Equilibrium Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy","issn_l":"1689-765X","issn":["1689-765X","2353-3293"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["erih-plus","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317385","host_organization_name":"Institute of Economic Research, Polish Economic Society Branch in Toru\u0144, Faculty of Economic Sciences and Management at Nicolaus","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317385"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Economic Research, Polish Economic Society Branch in Toru\u0144, Faculty of Economic Sciences and Management at Nicolaus"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9648000001907349,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"},{"score":0.7578999996185303,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387739239.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387739239.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W602776625","https://openalex.org/W995628848","https://openalex.org/W1545460766","https://openalex.org/W2058921962","https://openalex.org/W2092664805","https://openalex.org/W2126129668","https://openalex.org/W2147701281","https://openalex.org/W2182326768","https://openalex.org/W2588385380","https://openalex.org/W2589015049","https://openalex.org/W2619574159","https://openalex.org/W2764046215","https://openalex.org/W2806551979","https://openalex.org/W2883739506","https://openalex.org/W2913469866","https://openalex.org/W2934674610","https://openalex.org/W2978346165","https://openalex.org/W2982215825","https://openalex.org/W2990958511","https://openalex.org/W2996704567","https://openalex.org/W3097429630","https://openalex.org/W3110181667","https://openalex.org/W3113220992","https://openalex.org/W3128415798","https://openalex.org/W3153079145","https://openalex.org/W3156012754","https://openalex.org/W3158602259","https://openalex.org/W3181396767","https://openalex.org/W3185170920","https://openalex.org/W3203346943","https://openalex.org/W3215923938","https://openalex.org/W4200160229","https://openalex.org/W4205155852","https://openalex.org/W4206022182","https://openalex.org/W4220719140","https://openalex.org/W4220729225","https://openalex.org/W4221013937","https://openalex.org/W4295346354","https://openalex.org/W4296817181","https://openalex.org/W4296905529","https://openalex.org/W4298141709","https://openalex.org/W4307287901","https://openalex.org/W4311220697","https://openalex.org/W4313393695","https://openalex.org/W4318069471","https://openalex.org/W4320018725","https://openalex.org/W4352978452","https://openalex.org/W4361274788","https://openalex.org/W4362550247","https://openalex.org/W4378501551","https://openalex.org/W4385209939","https://openalex.org/W4385335589"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7220848764","https://openalex.org/W3199238381","https://openalex.org/W7214274983","https://openalex.org/W4403263088","https://openalex.org/W3153079145","https://openalex.org/W4309046832","https://openalex.org/W4400170461","https://openalex.org/W4285162035","https://openalex.org/W4391811352","https://openalex.org/W7018452594"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Research":[0],"background:":[1],"Digitalization":[2],"in":[3,16,88,103,115,194,239,278,282,306,326],"the":[4,7,21,36,40,56,69,74,80,85,89,94,99,116,125,129,139,149,160,177,191,200,208,213,222,236,240,247,257,272,275,279,293,298,323],"context":[5],"of":[6,23,68,73,84,96,101,124,151,172,179,185,190,202,210,212,217,224,249,274,292,308],"COVID-19":[8],"pandemic":[9],"has":[10],"accelerated":[11],"significantly":[12],"across":[13],"Europe,":[14],"including":[15],"regions":[17],"that":[18],"are":[19,30,219,243],"at":[20],"stage":[22],"catch-up":[24],"development.":[25],"However,":[26],"as":[27,267],"innovative":[28],"technologies":[29,114,198,259,310,325],"intensively":[31],"integrated":[32],"into":[33,321],"everyday":[34],"life,":[35],"digital":[37,47,86,126,141,180,183,192,237,258,309,324],"gap":[38,48,127,132,142,144,184,193,238],"between":[39,133,145],"EU":[41,90,117,146,241,280],"countries":[42,118,130,152,203,218,242,281],"is":[43,49,204,295],"increasing.":[44],"The":[45,71,121,170,188,232,261,288,316],"widening":[46],"becoming":[50],"a":[51,63,268],"serious":[52],"threat":[53],"to":[54,77,105,176,228,297],"achieving":[55],"EU's":[57],"sustainable":[58,64],"development":[59,311],"goals":[60],"and":[61,82,138,159,182,226,253],"building":[62],"European":[65,186,327],"society.":[66],"Purpose":[67],"article:":[70],"purpose":[72],"article":[75],"was":[76,119,153],"empirically":[78],"substantiate":[79],"inclusiveness":[81],"convergence":[83,223,286],"strategy":[87],"countries.":[91,187,315,328],"Methods:":[92],"Using":[93],"method":[95],"fuzzy":[97],"sets,":[98],"level":[100,209],"asymmetry":[102],"access":[104],"transactional":[106],"(e-commerce),":[107],"information":[108],"(cloud":[109],"computing),":[110],"operational":[111,197],"(artificial":[112],"intelligence)":[113],"assessed.":[120],"negative":[122],"impact":[123,189],"within":[128],"(the":[131,143],"small,":[134],"medium,":[135],"large":[136],"companies)":[137],"global":[140],"countries)":[147],"on":[148,199,207,251],"competitiveness":[150,201],"established,":[154],"for":[155,234,270,313],"which":[156,302],"correlation":[157],"analysis":[158],"Granger":[161],"causality":[162],"test":[163],"were":[164],"used.":[165,260],"Findings":[166],"&":[167],"value":[168,291],"added:":[169],"findings":[171],"this":[173],"study":[174],"contribute":[175],"literature":[178],"transformation":[181],"transactional,":[195],"information,":[196],"differentiated":[205],"depending":[206],"digitalization":[211,225,276],"country.":[214],"Cluster":[215],"groups":[216],"determined":[220],"by":[221,245],"ways":[227],"ensure":[229],"long-term":[230],"competitiveness.":[231],"directions":[233],"reducing":[235],"substantiated":[244],"changing":[246],"priorities":[248],"spending":[250],"innovation":[252],"increasing":[254],"productivity,":[255],"diversifying":[256],"empirical":[262],"results":[263,317],"obtained":[264],"can":[265,303],"serve":[266],"basis":[269],"improving":[271],"effectiveness":[273],"policy":[277],"accordance":[283],"with":[284],"individual":[285],"goals.":[287],"main":[289],"added":[290],"paper":[294],"related":[296],"presented":[299],"research":[300],"procedure,":[301],"be":[304],"used":[305],"analyses":[307],"also":[312],"other":[314],"provide":[318],"valuable":[319],"insights":[320],"evaluating":[322]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-06T10:28:23.643775","created_date":"2023-10-19T00:00:00"}