{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387700215","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190264079.013.248","title":"Deterrence and Sanction Certainty Perceptions","display_name":"Deterrence and Sanction Certainty Perceptions","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387700215","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190264079.013.248"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190264079.013.248","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190264079.013.248","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190264079.013.248","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363604998","display_name":"Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice","raw_type":"reference-entry"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7143988412","display_name":"Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice"},"type":"reference-entry","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017827824","display_name":"Timothy C. Barnum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7843-4579","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7843-4579"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","display_name":"Max Planck Society","ror":"https://ror.org/01hhn8329","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134943","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for the Study of Crime, Security and Law","ror":"https://ror.org/04a8rd767","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210134943"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timothy C Barnum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Criminology, Max Planck Institute for the Study of Crime, Security, and Law"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Criminology, Max Planck Institute for the Study of Crime, Security, and Law","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210134943"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090183461","display_name":"Daniel S. Nagin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0075-1851","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0075-1851"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Nagin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.6470000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.6470000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11076","display_name":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","score":0.17720000445842743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12736","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Penology","score":0.1370999962091446,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deterrence","display_name":"deterrence","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-perception","display_name":"risk perception","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/police-patrol","display_name":"police patrol","score":0.4449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hot-spot-policing","display_name":"hot spot policing","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incarceration","display_name":"incarceration","score":0.5580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recidivism","display_name":"recidivism","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prison-sentence","display_name":"prison sentence","score":0.43799999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crime-prevention","display_name":"crime prevention","score":0.4909999966621399}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780409804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621701","display_name":"Apprehension","level":2,"score":0.9446947574615479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778069335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32098","display_name":"Sanctions","level":2,"score":0.6630649566650391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9114305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428317","display_name":"Situational ethics","level":2,"score":0.6604042649269104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.6455599665641785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780982575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332142","display_name":"Deterrence (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6416289806365967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776090404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1420643","display_name":"Recidivism","level":2,"score":0.6194998025894165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.5937449932098389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7493553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1520777","display_name":"Certainty","level":2,"score":0.5913941860198975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.5899696946144104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5834298133850098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5528377294540405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163355716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2154783","display_name":"Risk perception","level":3,"score":0.48062461614608765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778770431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841236","display_name":"Imprisonment","level":2,"score":0.4566594064235687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3276013135910034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.12041348218917847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.12027323246002197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190264079.013.248","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190264079.013.248","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190264079.013.248","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363604998","display_name":"Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice","raw_type":"reference-entry"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9595999717712402,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480533311","https://openalex.org/W2002087186","https://openalex.org/W2003464762","https://openalex.org/W2693018807","https://openalex.org/W3091777484","https://openalex.org/W4233357602"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6960078966","https://openalex.org/W6940936379","https://openalex.org/W2053855751","https://openalex.org/W3204654815","https://openalex.org/W4386712722","https://openalex.org/W2007603661","https://openalex.org/W4236454085","https://openalex.org/W7101098220","https://openalex.org/W3118374760","https://openalex.org/W4234487576"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Deterrence":[1],"research":[2],"has":[3],"evolved":[4],"in":[5,14,65,71,129,160,190],"two":[6],"distinct,":[7],"nonoverlapping":[8],"literatures.":[9],"One":[10],"literature":[11,48,107,126,136,167],"is":[12],"evaluative":[13,125],"nature":[15],"and":[16,25,54],"examines":[17],"issues":[18],"such":[19,58,182],"as:":[20],"How":[21],"do":[22],"police":[23,52,186],"numbers":[24,53],"patrol":[26,187],"tactics":[27,57],"affect":[28,119],"crime":[29,67],"rates?":[30],"Do":[31],"higher":[32],"rates":[33],"of":[34,41,87,90,134,172,174],"imprisonment":[35],"reduce":[36],"crime?":[37],"Does":[38],"the":[39,85,88,110,124,130],"experience":[40,89],"incarceration":[42,91],"decrease":[43],"or":[44,79,100,185],"increase":[45],"recidivism?":[46],"This":[47,166],"generally":[49],"finds":[50,169],"that":[51,69,123,142,154,170,189],"proactive":[55],"policing":[56,62],"as":[59,183],"hot":[60],"spot":[61],"are":[63,137,146,158,176],"effective":[64],"preventing":[66],"but":[68],"increases":[70],"already":[72],"lengthy":[73],"prison":[74],"sentences":[75],"have":[76],"modest":[77],"deterrent":[78],"incapacitation":[80],"effects":[81],"at":[82],"best.":[83],"Concerning":[84],"effect":[86,99],"on":[92,109,179],"reoffending,":[93],"most":[94],"studies":[95,140],"find":[96,153],"either":[97],"no":[98],"a":[101],"criminogenic":[102],"effect.":[103],"The":[104,132],"perceptual":[105,112],"deterrence":[106],"focuses":[108],"underlying":[111],"mechanism":[113],"by":[114],"which":[115],"sanction":[116,143,155],"threats":[117],"may":[118],"behavior,":[120],"an":[121],"issue":[122],"largely":[127],"leaves":[128],"background.":[131],"findings":[133],"this":[135],"mixed.":[138],"Some":[139],"conclude":[141],"risk":[144,156,173],"perceptions":[145,157,171],"uncorrelated":[147],"with":[148],"legislated":[149],"sanctions.":[150],"Others,":[151],"however,":[152],"grounded":[159],"reality,":[161],"especially":[162],"among":[163],"active":[164],"offenders.":[165],"also":[168],"apprehension":[175,194],"highly":[177],"dependent":[178],"situational":[180],"factors":[181],"lighting":[184],"activity":[188],"reality":[191],"materially":[192],"influence":[193],"probability.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-10T09:11:00.788812","created_date":"2023-10-18T00:00:00"}
