{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387697236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-023-1941-8","title":"Mechanical Behaviors and Fracture Characteristics of Sandstone Combinations with Different Pre-crack Angles","display_name":"Mechanical Behaviors and Fracture Characteristics of Sandstone Combinations with Different Pre-crack Angles","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387697236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-023-1941-8"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12205-023-1941-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-023-1941-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-023-1941-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109054653","display_name":"KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering","issn_l":"1226-7988","issn":["1226-7988","1976-3808"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","kci-registered","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-023-1941-8","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058050465","display_name":"Xizhen Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5241-342X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5241-342X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15823474","display_name":"Linyi University","ror":"https://ror.org/01knv0402","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15823474"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xizhen Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China","State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5241-342X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15823474"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103128311","display_name":"Wei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1623-8000","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1623-8000"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15823474","display_name":"Linyi University","ror":"https://ror.org/01knv0402","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15823474"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1623-8000","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15823474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100383730","display_name":"Ce Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7122-7603","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7122-7603"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ce Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jinan Kingyue Highway Engineering Co., Ltd., Jinan, 250101, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jinan Kingyue Highway Engineering Co., Ltd., Jinan, 250101, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012412747","display_name":"Guibin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9523-6144","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9523-6144"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15823474","display_name":"Linyi University","ror":"https://ror.org/01knv0402","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15823474"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guibin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9523-6144","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15823474"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103149857","display_name":"Zhiguo Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4865-8261","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4865-8261"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114117164","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Liaoning","ror":"https://ror.org/03grx7119","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114117164"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiguo Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mining Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Liaoning, Anshan, 114051, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4865-8261","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mining Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Liaoning, Anshan, 114051, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114117164"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103128311"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15823474"],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1800},"apc_paid":{"value":1800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1800},"fwci":1.195,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70651679,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"12","first_page":"5388","last_page":"5400"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10161","display_name":"Rock Mechanics and Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10161","display_name":"Rock Mechanics and Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10514","display_name":"Numerical methods in engineering","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13772","display_name":"Geomechanics and Mining Engineering","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layered-rock-mass","display_name":"layered rock mass","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rock-fracture-mechanism","display_name":"rock fracture mechanism","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crack-propagation","display_name":"crack propagation","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustic-emission","display_name":"acoustic emission","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/force-chains","display_name":"force chains","score":0.5889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crack-initiation","display_name":"crack initiation","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uniaxial-loading","display_name":"uniaxial loading","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peak-stress","display_name":"peak stress","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elastic-modulus","display_name":"elastic modulus","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tensile-and-shear-cracks","display_name":"tensile and shear cracks","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/damage-zone","display_name":"damage zone","score":0.47099998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pre-existing-defects","display_name":"pre-existing flaws","score":0.6200000047683716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7910114526748657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174598085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746673","display_name":"Acoustic emission","level":2,"score":0.6216768026351929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.5961732864379883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59085676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q957852","display_name":"Fracture mechanics","level":2,"score":0.5772708058357239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112950240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76005","display_name":"Ultimate tensile strength","level":2,"score":0.5451436042785645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43369102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2307625","display_name":"Fracture (geology)","level":2,"score":0.5409771203994751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75512024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17009280","display_name":"Crack closure","level":3,"score":0.5375340580940247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101386981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17008035","display_name":"Crack growth resistance curve","level":4,"score":0.46552035212516785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96035792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43606218","display_name":"Shear (geology)","level":2,"score":0.41653797030448914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43486711","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192005","display_name":"Elastic modulus","level":2,"score":0.4157763123512268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193867417","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6889814","display_name":"Modulus","level":2,"score":0.41332754492759705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.3777303099632263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08793193101882935}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12205-023-1941-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-023-1941-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-023-1941-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109054653","display_name":"KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering","issn_l":"1226-7988","issn":["1226-7988","1976-3808"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","kci-registered","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12205-023-1941-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-023-1941-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-023-1941-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109054653","display_name":"KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering","issn_l":"1226-7988","issn":["1226-7988","1976-3808"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","kci-registered","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1490021268","https://openalex.org/W1974876052","https://openalex.org/W1976812952","https://openalex.org/W2004030340","https://openalex.org/W2013963029","https://openalex.org/W2020351244","https://openalex.org/W2022909337","https://openalex.org/W2045576355","https://openalex.org/W2073775990","https://openalex.org/W2102936388","https://openalex.org/W2122228578","https://openalex.org/W2136240459","https://openalex.org/W2372438871","https://openalex.org/W2389683276","https://openalex.org/W2522450586","https://openalex.org/W2688434980","https://openalex.org/W2751129632","https://openalex.org/W2979693308","https://openalex.org/W2982578759","https://openalex.org/W3017126115","https://openalex.org/W3020121823","https://openalex.org/W3083216976","https://openalex.org/W3111700036","https://openalex.org/W3118652549","https://openalex.org/W3130978197","https://openalex.org/W3187923784","https://openalex.org/W4200555189","https://openalex.org/W4367599306"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3205075522","https://openalex.org/W4410115494","https://openalex.org/W3163028371","https://openalex.org/W4391842036","https://openalex.org/W4396920716","https://openalex.org/W4387744205","https://openalex.org/W3019168678","https://openalex.org/W4399565936","https://openalex.org/W3044395474","https://openalex.org/W4207070147"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Layered":[0],"rock":[1,17,26],"masses":[2],"contain":[3],"many":[4],"pre-existing":[5],"defects,":[6],"and":[7,62,71,79,95,112,123,143,169,184,195,207],"investigating":[8],"their":[9],"failure":[10],"mechanism":[11],"is":[12,135,162,173],"crucial":[13],"for":[14],"controlling":[15],"layered":[16,25],"mass":[18],"instability.":[19],"In":[20,55],"order":[21],"to":[22,49],"understand":[23],"the":[24,41,51,59,66,72,76,83,92,99,104,113,119,124,154,165,170,174,192,196,200,204,208],"fracture":[27,63],"mechanism,":[28],"this":[29],"study":[30],"develops":[31],"sandstone":[32,84],"combination":[33,85],"models":[34,101],"containing":[35],"cracks":[36],"of":[37,65,82,98,203],"different":[38,120],"angles":[39,70,198],"using":[40],"Particle":[42],"Flow":[43],"Code":[44],"software":[45],"(PFC":[46],"2D":[47],")":[48],"conduct":[50],"uniaxial":[52],"loading":[53],"tests.":[54],"addition,":[56],"it":[57],"analyzes":[58],"mechanical":[60,77],"properties":[61,78],"characteristics":[64],"models.":[67,87],"The":[68,88,108,129,147,158,181],"pre-crack":[69,105,121,155,197,205],"composite":[73,209],"materials":[74],"determine":[75],"crack":[80,114,166,172],"propagation":[81],"(SC)":[86],"results":[89],"indicated":[90],"that":[91],"peak":[93],"stress":[94,126,142],"elastic":[96],"modulus":[97],"SC":[100],"increase":[102],"as":[103],"angle":[106,156,206],"rises.":[107],"force":[109],"chain":[110],"concentration":[111,183],"initiation":[115,125],"location":[116],"change":[117],"with":[118,153,177],"angles,":[122],"improves":[127],"gradually.":[128],"entire":[130],"acoustic":[131],"emission":[132],"(AE)":[133],"process":[134],"divided":[136],"into":[137],"three":[138],"phases":[139],"per":[140],"axial":[141],"AE":[144,148],"event":[145],"number.":[146],"active":[149],"level":[150],"significantly":[151],"correlates":[152],"change.":[157],"\u201cV\u201d":[159],"type":[160],"trend":[161],"shown":[163],"in":[164,191],"number":[167],"distribution,":[168],"tensile":[171],"predominant":[175],"mode":[176],"some":[178],"shear":[179],"cracks.":[180],"micro-crack":[182],"macroscopic":[185],"damage":[186],"zones":[187],"are":[188],"more":[189],"prevalent":[190],"low-strength":[193],"parts,":[194],"define":[199],"influence":[201],"weight":[202],"material":[210],"strength.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2023-10-18T00:00:00"}