{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387674841","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20933","title":"What keeps urban areas from declining? Comparison of before and after effects of the urban regeneration project for the Busan city in South Korea","display_name":"What keeps urban areas from declining? Comparison of before and after effects of the urban regeneration project for the Busan city in South Korea","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387674841","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20933","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37916077","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10616316"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20933","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20933","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898612692","display_name":"Heliyon","issn_l":"2405-8440","issn":["2405-8440"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Heliyon","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20933","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050027764","display_name":"Youngeun Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8376-7482","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8376-7482"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189442560","display_name":"Gyeongsang National University","ror":"https://ror.org/00saywf64","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189442560"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youngeun Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Landscape Architecture, College of Construction Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8376-7482","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Landscape Architecture, College of Construction Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189442560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000022006","display_name":"Taelyn Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2427-2636","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2427-2636"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9507","display_name":"Sangji University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gqe3t73","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9507"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taelyn Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Tourism Development, College of Administration, Sangji University, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2427-2636","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Tourism Development, College of Administration, Sangji University, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9507"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054523989","display_name":"Eujin Julia Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4490-2471","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4490-2471"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133533813","display_name":"Gangneung\u2013Wonju National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0461cvh40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133533813"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eujin-Julia Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Landscape Architecture, College of Life Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4490-2471","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Landscape Architecture, College of Life Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133533813"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054523989"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133533813"],"apc_list":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"apc_paid":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"fwci":1.1735,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83377276,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"10","first_page":"e20933","last_page":"e20933"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12502","display_name":"Urbanization and City Planning","score":0.7157999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12502","display_name":"Urbanization and City Planning","score":0.7157999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13729","display_name":"Korean Urban and Social Studies","score":0.22779999673366547,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13920","display_name":"Urban Planning and Valuation","score":0.04410000145435333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-regeneration","display_name":"urban regeneration","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-decay","display_name":"urban decline","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/busan","display_name":"Busan","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/project-budget","display_name":"project budget","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-accessibility","display_name":"transport accessibility","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-infrastructure","display_name":"urban infrastructure","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-decline","display_name":"population decline","score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-sustainability","display_name":"urban sustainability","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pre-post-comparison","display_name":"pre-post test comparison","score":0.4359999895095825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993215568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q920600","display_name":"Urban regeneration","level":2,"score":0.6147856712341309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171056886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193119","display_name":"Regeneration (biology)","level":2,"score":0.591079831123352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.48108240962028503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.3910091519355774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148383697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1781695","display_name":"Regional science","level":1,"score":0.3650763928890228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526734887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237","display_name":"Environmental protection","level":1,"score":0.3430637717247009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.33456313610076904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.28521716594696045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.11201566457748413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20933","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20933","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898612692","display_name":"Heliyon","issn_l":"2405-8440","issn":["2405-8440"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Heliyon","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10616316","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10616316","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10616316/pdf/main.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Heliyon","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:37916077","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37916077","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Heliyon","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:edd1096f47da41e0a01bd319caf413d0","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/edd1096f47da41e0a01bd319caf413d0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Heliyon, Vol 9, Iss 10, Pp e20933- (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20933","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20933","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898612692","display_name":"Heliyon","issn_l":"2405-8440","issn":["2405-8440"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Heliyon","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321318","display_name":"Gyeongsang National University","ror":"https://ror.org/00saywf64"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W606817087","https://openalex.org/W851381011","https://openalex.org/W1266120710","https://openalex.org/W1964158041","https://openalex.org/W1985017610","https://openalex.org/W1991247360","https://openalex.org/W2001432951","https://openalex.org/W2024700982","https://openalex.org/W2044485729","https://openalex.org/W2053152146","https://openalex.org/W2063584966","https://openalex.org/W2076916121","https://openalex.org/W2193154190","https://openalex.org/W2219312007","https://openalex.org/W2312972867","https://openalex.org/W2338685926","https://openalex.org/W2467067697","https://openalex.org/W2551593866","https://openalex.org/W2579444596","https://openalex.org/W2742679029","https://openalex.org/W2794512990","https://openalex.org/W2936443984","https://openalex.org/W2944521301","https://openalex.org/W2947073449","https://openalex.org/W2949636808","https://openalex.org/W2976277955","https://openalex.org/W2986392058","https://openalex.org/W2994920836","https://openalex.org/W3005927727","https://openalex.org/W3019922099","https://openalex.org/W3031082416","https://openalex.org/W3040355800","https://openalex.org/W3083868199","https://openalex.org/W3095856919","https://openalex.org/W3114200530","https://openalex.org/W3116025088","https://openalex.org/W3116052152","https://openalex.org/W3122876678","https://openalex.org/W3128596342","https://openalex.org/W3129363982","https://openalex.org/W3158735174","https://openalex.org/W3173960347","https://openalex.org/W3183529318","https://openalex.org/W3200162958","https://openalex.org/W3200519041","https://openalex.org/W3211264242","https://openalex.org/W3212505812","https://openalex.org/W3217070630","https://openalex.org/W4205246556","https://openalex.org/W4205711760","https://openalex.org/W4205852074","https://openalex.org/W4206045985","https://openalex.org/W4220957760","https://openalex.org/W4224272603","https://openalex.org/W4281562531","https://openalex.org/W4283589492","https://openalex.org/W4288969780","https://openalex.org/W4292171491","https://openalex.org/W4297905765","https://openalex.org/W4297994967","https://openalex.org/W4298125718","https://openalex.org/W4311172200","https://openalex.org/W4319991564","https://openalex.org/W4382751397","https://openalex.org/W4383652382","https://openalex.org/W4384281367"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2928254935","https://openalex.org/W2887527921","https://openalex.org/W2938552561","https://openalex.org/W2400611401","https://openalex.org/W4403425140","https://openalex.org/W4389150148","https://openalex.org/W2898908121","https://openalex.org/W1822556069","https://openalex.org/W2806107494","https://openalex.org/W2989996901"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,192],"aims":[2],"to":[3,195,198,206],"comparing":[4],"the":[5,10,16,28,53,63,67,73,96,102,110,115,118,125,128,134,149,151,154,156,177,182,199],"degree":[6,103,157,183],"of":[7,38,95,104,117,158,184,190,201,211],"change":[8],"in":[9,33,106,109,124,138,180],"decline":[11,40,58,108],"index":[12,41],"and":[13,49,66,87,169,205,209],"finding":[14],"out":[15],"variables":[17,69,142],"that":[18,101,123,148],"influenced":[19],"this":[20,56,191],"through":[21],"a":[22,93],"regression":[23,135],"model":[24,136],"(OLS)":[25],"focused":[26],"on":[27,45],"21":[29],"urban":[30,39,57,84,107,159,185,202,212,216],"project":[31,74,77,79,152],"sites":[32],"Busan":[34],"city.":[35],"The":[36,188],"comparison":[37],"was":[42,60,99,120,131,146,174],"analyzed":[43],"based":[44],"normalized":[46],"population,":[47],"industry,":[48],"physical":[50],"indicators.":[51],"On":[52],"OLS":[54],"model,":[55],"indicator":[59],"set":[61,71],"as":[62,72,176],"dependent":[64],"variable,":[65],"independent":[68],"were":[70,143],"area":[75],"size,":[76,82],"budget,":[78,153],"type,":[80],"population":[81],"major":[83],"infrastructure":[85],"access,":[86],"transportation":[88,172],"(Subway":[89],"station)":[90],"access.":[91],"As":[92],"result":[94],"study,":[97],"it":[98,145],"found":[100],"improvement":[105],"outlying":[111],"areas":[112,126],"away":[113],"from":[114],"center":[116],"city":[119],"higher":[121,150,155],"than":[122],"where":[127],"old":[129],"downtown":[130],"concentrated.":[132],"In":[133,162],"I,":[137],"which":[139,165],"only":[140,178],"endogenous":[141,168],"input,":[144],"significant":[147],"regeneration":[160,186,203,213],"improvement.":[161,187],"Model":[163],"II,":[164],"included":[166],"both":[167],"exogenous":[170],"variables,":[171],"access":[173],"derived":[175],"variable":[179],"increasing":[181],"results":[189],"are":[193],"expected":[194],"contribute":[196],"significantly":[197],"monitoring":[200],"projects":[204,214],"establish":[207],"macro-":[208],"micro-directions":[210],"for":[215],"sustainability":[217],"(see":[218],"Table":[219],"9).":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2023-10-17T00:00:00"}