{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387670592","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33423/jhetp.v23i16.6459","title":"The Prevalence of Stimulant and Nutritional Supplement Usage Among Students at Abu Dhabi Universities in Gyms","display_name":"The Prevalence of Stimulant and Nutritional Supplement Usage Among Students at Abu Dhabi Universities in Gyms","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387670592","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33423/jhetp.v23i16.6459"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.33423/jhetp.v23i16.6459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33423/jhetp.v23i16.6459","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.33423/jhetp.v23i16.6459","pdf_url":"https://articlegateway.com/index.php/JHETP/article/download/6459/6101","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210208157","display_name":"Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice","issn_l":"2158-3595","issn":["2158-3595"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322100","host_organization_name":"North American Business Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322100"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["North American Business Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W4387670592"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://articlegateway.com/index.php/JHETP/article/download/6459/6101","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003153950","display_name":"Majed Saleem El-Saleh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0241-5907","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0241-5907"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161913731","display_name":"Al Ain University","ror":"https://ror.org/023abrt21","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161913731"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Majed Saleem El-Saleh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Al Ain University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Al Ain University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161913731"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016392839","display_name":"Ziyad Kamel Ellala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1147-7333","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1147-7333","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5683-9081"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161913731","display_name":"Al Ain University","ror":"https://ror.org/023abrt21","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161913731"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziyad Ellala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Al Ain University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Al Ain University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161913731"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093027384","display_name":"Balkees Abuawad","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161913731","display_name":"Al Ain University","ror":"https://ror.org/023abrt21","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161913731"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Balkees Abuawad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Al Ain University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Al Ain University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161913731"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mohamed Sharaf","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23075662","display_name":"Taibah University","ror":"https://ror.org/01xv1nn60","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23075662"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Sharaf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Taibah University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Taibah University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23075662"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"16","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12700","display_name":"Doping in Sports","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12700","display_name":"Doping in Sports","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11953","display_name":"Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations","score":0.0026000000070780516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13338","display_name":"Pharmacological Effects and Assays","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulant-use","display_name":"stimulant use","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-supplements","display_name":"dietary supplements","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/college-students","display_name":"university students","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gym-membership","display_name":"gym membership","score":0.6100000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prevalence","display_name":"prevalence","score":0.4650000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exercise","display_name":"physical activity","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-differences","display_name":"gender differences","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-differences","display_name":"age differences","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/years-in-practice","display_name":"years of practice","score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abu-dhabi","display_name":"Abu Dhabi","score":0.43799999356269836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020203576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519","display_name":"Abu dhabi","level":3,"score":0.8324655294418335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.557931125164032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780557958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211036","display_name":"Stimulant","level":2,"score":0.5500874519348145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018023364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425265","display_name":"Significant difference","level":2,"score":0.47520336508750916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.34081465005874634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.33509838581085205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.1608862578868866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.1041264533996582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158739034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1907114","display_name":"Metropolitan area","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.33423/jhetp.v23i16.6459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33423/jhetp.v23i16.6459","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.33423/jhetp.v23i16.6459","pdf_url":"https://articlegateway.com/index.php/JHETP/article/download/6459/6101","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210208157","display_name":"Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice","issn_l":"2158-3595","issn":["2158-3595"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322100","host_organization_name":"North American Business Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322100"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["North American Business Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.33423/jhetp.v23i16.6459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33423/jhetp.v23i16.6459","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.33423/jhetp.v23i16.6459","pdf_url":"https://articlegateway.com/index.php/JHETP/article/download/6459/6101","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210208157","display_name":"Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice","issn_l":"2158-3595","issn":["2158-3595"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322100","host_organization_name":"North American Business Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322100"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["North American Business Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9789000153541565,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387670592.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387670592.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W568434947","https://openalex.org/W592435668","https://openalex.org/W1492904917","https://openalex.org/W1966588487","https://openalex.org/W2007065952","https://openalex.org/W2031907691","https://openalex.org/W2034334720","https://openalex.org/W2152904312","https://openalex.org/W2166337211","https://openalex.org/W2166486957","https://openalex.org/W2563533941","https://openalex.org/W2588718593","https://openalex.org/W2772035490","https://openalex.org/W2908081399","https://openalex.org/W2916494374","https://openalex.org/W3008283182","https://openalex.org/W3042350103","https://openalex.org/W3113069938"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7046189259","https://openalex.org/W7119392496","https://openalex.org/W4404287353","https://openalex.org/W4400014488","https://openalex.org/W1595823724","https://openalex.org/W2796836381","https://openalex.org/W7015662823","https://openalex.org/W4281672882","https://openalex.org/W2975500206","https://openalex.org/W2563533941"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"University":[0],"students":[1,34,82],"in":[2,97,112,126,135],"Abu":[3],"Dhabi":[4],"used":[5,46,73],"stimulants":[6,166],"and":[7,26,28,32,89,108,132,144,153,157,161,167],"nutritional":[8,87,130],"supplements":[9,74,88,131,168],"at":[10,58,66],"gyms.":[11],"The":[12,43,91,117],"study":[13],"pinpointed":[14],"variations":[15],"based":[16],"on":[17],"the":[18,41,49,84,94,101,124,127],"variables":[19],"(years":[20],"of":[21,61,69,81,119,129],"practice,":[22],"education":[23],"level,":[24],"age,":[25],"gender)":[27],"other.":[29],"512":[30],"male":[31],"female":[33],"from":[35],"various":[36],"colleges":[37],"made":[38],"randomly":[39],"up":[40],"sample.":[42],"questionnaire":[44],"was":[45,104],"to":[47,139,164],"obtain":[48],"results.":[50],"Findings":[51],"revealed":[52],"that":[53],"(46":[54],"%)":[55],"took":[56],"tablets":[57],"a":[59,67],"rate":[60,68,96],"(30.9%),":[62],"(9.8%)":[63],"take":[64],"injections":[65],"(6.3%).":[70],"Statistically,":[71],"(8.2%)":[72],"for":[75,106,110,142,150,159],"more":[76],"than":[77],"five":[78],"years,":[79],"(91.2%)":[80],"realized":[83],"difference":[85],"between":[86],"stimulants.":[90,133],"first-year":[92],"attained":[93],"greatest":[95],"age":[98,115],"variable.":[99],"However,":[100],"gender":[102],"variable":[103,122],"(63.1%)":[105],"males":[107],"(36.9%)":[109],"females":[111],"(19-25":[113],"Years)":[114],"group.":[116],"years":[118],"physical":[120],"activity":[121],"showed":[123],"most":[125],"use":[128],"All":[134],"all,":[136],"this":[137],"is":[138],"provide":[140],"supervision":[141],"gyms":[143],"nutrition":[145],"centers,":[146],"get":[147],"doctor\u2019s":[148],"approval":[149],"such":[151],"materials,":[152],"conduct":[154],"educational":[155],"courses":[156],"workshops":[158],"trainers":[160],"gym":[162],"supervisors":[163],"limit":[165],"use.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2023-10-17T00:00:00"}