{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387656441","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21552/core/2023/3/12","title":"The End of Member State Autonomy in the Calculation of Fines in EU Competition Law? The Implications of the Zenith Communications Ruling.","display_name":"The End of Member State Autonomy in the Calculation of Fines in EU Competition Law? The Implications of the Zenith Communications Ruling.","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387656441","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21552/core/2023/3/12"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21552/core/2023/3/12","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21552/core/2023/3/12","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21552/core/2023/3/12","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210194547","display_name":"European competition and regulatory law review/CoRe","issn_l":"2510-3148","issn":["2510-3148","2510-3156"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319911","host_organization_name":"Lexxion Verlag","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319911"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lexxion Verlag"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Competition and Regulatory Law Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050485166","display_name":"Franco Rizzuto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3755-7496","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3755-7496"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"F. Rizzuto","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050485166"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.22584615,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"3","first_page":"193","last_page":"199"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14448","display_name":"EU Law and Policy Analysis","score":0.6786999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14448","display_name":"EU Law and Policy Analysis","score":0.6786999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14362","display_name":"Diverse Legal and Medical Studies","score":0.21719999611377716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11043","display_name":"Merger and Competition Analysis","score":0.07479999959468842,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eu-competition-law","display_name":"EU competition law","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/member-state-discretion","display_name":"Member State discretion","score":0.5699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-competition-authorities","display_name":"national competition authorities","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/court-of-justice-of-the-european-union","display_name":"Court of Justice of the European Union","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antitrust-enforcement","display_name":"antitrust enforcement","score":0.35899999737739563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7868306636810303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777632292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q315515","display_name":"Discretion","level":2,"score":0.6176743507385254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53970728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82806","display_name":"Zenith","level":2,"score":0.6131981015205383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777861868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1646605","display_name":"Member state","level":4,"score":0.593312680721283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.5829126238822937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019422483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1646605","display_name":"Member states","level":3,"score":0.5430883169174194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5058376789093018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.46777763962745667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65414064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484105","display_name":"Autonomy","level":2,"score":0.4660182297229767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177225278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192674","display_name":"Factoring","level":2,"score":0.45177146792411804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1759312","display_name":"Preliminary ruling","level":3,"score":0.42446160316467285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910001868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458","display_name":"European union","level":2,"score":0.4150838255882263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3099663257598877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.27985522150993347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.18110981583595276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.15785524249076843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.14882689714431763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12686139345169067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139621336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3190382","display_name":"Economic Justice","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21552/core/2023/3/12","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21552/core/2023/3/12","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21552/core/2023/3/12","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210194547","display_name":"European competition and regulatory law review/CoRe","issn_l":"2510-3148","issn":["2510-3148","2510-3156"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319911","host_organization_name":"Lexxion Verlag","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319911"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lexxion Verlag"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Competition and Regulatory Law Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.8046000003814697,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3009955668","https://openalex.org/W2789659514","https://openalex.org/W2611114231","https://openalex.org/W4402008008","https://openalex.org/W2809934497","https://openalex.org/W2981642895","https://openalex.org/W2795379170","https://openalex.org/W1974018758","https://openalex.org/W2158452670","https://openalex.org/W2899306067"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Annotation":[0],"on":[1],"the":[2,5,70,75,78,82],"Judgment":[3],"of":[4,9,31,77,84],"Court":[6],"(Fifth":[7],"Chamber)":[8],"10":[10],"November":[11],"2022":[12],"in":[13,49,81],"Case":[14],"C-385/21":[15],"Zenith":[16,71],"Media":[17],"Communications":[18,72],"SRL":[19],"v":[20],"Consiliul":[21],"Concuren\u0163ei":[22],".":[23],"National":[24],"rules":[25,33],"for":[26,29],"calculating":[27],"fines":[28],"infringements":[30],"competition":[32,37],"which":[34],"require":[35],"national":[36],"authorities":[38],"to":[39,64],"only":[40],"consider":[41],"an":[42,57],"undertakings'":[43,58],"total":[44],"annual":[45],"turnover,":[46],"without":[47],"factoring":[48],"evidence":[50],"that":[51,52],"turnover":[53],"does":[54],"not":[55],"reflect":[56],"true":[59],"economic":[60],"situation,":[61],"is":[62],"contrary":[63],"Union":[65],"law.":[66],"In":[67],"this":[68],"regard,":[69],"ruling":[73],"reduces":[74],"discretion":[76],"Member":[79],"States":[80],"setting":[83],"fines.":[85]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-01T08:54:57.152042","created_date":"2023-10-16T00:00:00"}