{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387654847","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5121/ijnsa.2023.15503","title":"Exploring the Effectiveness of VPN Architecture in Enhancing Network Security for Mobile Networks: An Investigation Study","display_name":"Exploring the Effectiveness of VPN Architecture in Enhancing Network Security for Mobile Networks: An Investigation Study","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387654847","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5121/ijnsa.2023.15503"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5121/ijnsa.2023.15503","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5121/ijnsa.2023.15503","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5121/ijnsa.2023.15503","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.5121/ijnsa.2023.15503","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210203298","display_name":"International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications","issn_l":"0974-9330","issn":["0974-9330","0975-2307"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5121/ijnsa.2023.15503","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093066727","display_name":"Khawla Azwee","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405266692","display_name":"Higher Institute of Science and Technology, Qaser Bin Ghashir, Libya","ror":"https://ror.org/04tw24749","country_code":"LY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405266692"]}],"countries":["LY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khawla Azwee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, High Institute of Science and Technology, Qaser Bin Ghashir, Libya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, High Institute of Science and Technology, Qaser Bin Ghashir, Libya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037272915","display_name":"Mokhtar Alkhattali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2167-9322","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2167-9322"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405266692","display_name":"Higher Institute of Science and Technology, Qaser Bin Ghashir, Libya","ror":"https://ror.org/04tw24749","country_code":"LY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405266692"]}],"countries":["LY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mokhtar Alkhattali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, High Institute of Science and Technology, Qaser Bin Ghashir, Libya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, High Institute of Science and Technology, Qaser Bin Ghashir, Libya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080860258","display_name":"Mostafa Dow","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mostafa Dow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Science and Technology, Jadu, Libya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Science and Technology, Jadu, Libya","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.272,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49581606,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"5","first_page":"33","last_page":"40"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13983","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Information Systems","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13983","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Information Systems","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.0015999999595806003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10651","display_name":"IPv6, Mobility, Handover, Networks, Security","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-private-networks","display_name":"virtual private networks","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-networks","display_name":"cellular networks","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-security","display_name":"network security","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-layer-security","display_name":"Transport Layer Security","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-threats","display_name":"security threats","score":0.597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia-communication","display_name":"multimedia communication","score":0.4480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-architecture","display_name":"network architecture","score":0.3400000035762787}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6370607614517212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780771206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3271761","display_name":"Safeguard","level":2,"score":0.5215806365013123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31139447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5380386","display_name":"Enterprise information security architecture","level":2,"score":0.5165883302688599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639681","display_name":"Network architecture","level":2,"score":0.48935335874557495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29983905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445066","display_name":"Security service","level":3,"score":0.4825531840324402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117110713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3394676","display_name":"Network security policy","level":4,"score":0.4506915509700775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182590292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989632","display_name":"Network security","level":2,"score":0.44695812463760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4445624351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4388119578361511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.41246891021728516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.36801677942276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.33960238099098206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527648132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189900","display_name":"Information security","level":2,"score":0.21201223134994507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5121/ijnsa.2023.15503","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5121/ijnsa.2023.15503","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5121/ijnsa.2023.15503","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.5121/ijnsa.2023.15503","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210203298","display_name":"International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications","issn_l":"0974-9330","issn":["0974-9330","0975-2307"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5121/ijnsa.2023.15503","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5121/ijnsa.2023.15503","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5121/ijnsa.2023.15503","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.5121/ijnsa.2023.15503","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210203298","display_name":"International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications","issn_l":"0974-9330","issn":["0974-9330","0975-2307"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5378999710083008,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387654847.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387654847.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1497500865","https://openalex.org/W1967422709","https://openalex.org/W2298000185","https://openalex.org/W2344717043","https://openalex.org/W2483921279","https://openalex.org/W2514396107","https://openalex.org/W2736065606","https://openalex.org/W2774611236","https://openalex.org/W2781084985","https://openalex.org/W2912831207","https://openalex.org/W2983923388","https://openalex.org/W2993565013","https://openalex.org/W3006660623","https://openalex.org/W3011180611","https://openalex.org/W3023265243","https://openalex.org/W3038839054","https://openalex.org/W3083633640","https://openalex.org/W3136908327","https://openalex.org/W3168110894","https://openalex.org/W3170330193","https://openalex.org/W3192790930","https://openalex.org/W3204348757","https://openalex.org/W3214307704","https://openalex.org/W4207060264","https://openalex.org/W4210310056","https://openalex.org/W4210396613","https://openalex.org/W4256114215","https://openalex.org/W4285149588","https://openalex.org/W4287843345","https://openalex.org/W4309639944","https://openalex.org/W4378364057"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2344717043","https://openalex.org/W7163753348","https://openalex.org/W4409894704","https://openalex.org/W4242343335","https://openalex.org/W7035491750","https://openalex.org/W6930408603","https://openalex.org/W4405442577","https://openalex.org/W7133308599","https://openalex.org/W4400322849","https://openalex.org/W2218433648"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"rapid":[1],"development":[2],"of":[3,11,89,118,135],"technology":[4],"in":[5,85,147],"communications":[6],"has":[7,80],"transformed":[8],"the":[9,16,44,72,87,102,107,116,126,132,148,170],"operations":[10],"companies":[12],"and":[13,23,29,61,78,114,151,163],"institutions,":[14],"paving":[15],"way":[17],"for":[18,100,183],"increased":[19],"productivity,":[20],"revenue":[21],"growth,":[22],"enhanced":[24],"customer":[25],"service.":[26],"Multimedia":[27],"calls":[28],"other":[30],"modern":[31],"communication":[32],"technologies":[33,76,162],"boost":[34],"mobile":[35,184],"network,":[36],"thus":[37],"their":[38],"utilization":[39],"is":[40],"critical":[41],"to":[42,55,63,67,74,104,166],"moving":[43],"business":[45],"forward.":[46],"However,":[47],"these":[48],"widely":[49],"used":[50],"networks":[51],"are":[52],"also":[53],"vulnerable":[54],"security":[56],"threats,":[57],"leading":[58],"network":[59,69,93,105,149],"vendors":[60],"technicians":[62],"implement":[64],"various":[65],"techniques":[66],"ensure":[68],"safety.":[70],"As":[71],"need":[73],"safeguard":[75,167],"grow":[77],"there":[79],"been":[81],"a":[82,90,97,119,179],"significant":[83],"increase":[84],"growth":[86],"idea":[88],"virtual":[91],"private":[92],"(VPN)":[94],"emerged":[95],"as":[96,131,140,178],"key":[98],"strategy":[99],"tackling":[101],"threat":[103],"security.":[106,153],"authors":[108],"suggested":[109],"looking":[110],"into":[111],"this":[112,155],"issue":[113],"presenting":[115],"findings":[117],"study":[120],"that":[121,129,160],"contained":[122],"insightful":[123],"observations":[124],"from":[125,142],"literature":[127],"reviews":[128],"served":[130],"primary":[133],"source":[134],"research":[136],"besides":[137],"questionnaire":[138],"responses":[139],"opinions":[141],"those":[143],"who":[144],"have":[145],"experience":[146],"industry":[150],"its":[152],"Through":[154],"research,":[156],"it":[157],"became":[158],"evident":[159],"several":[161],"approaches":[164],"exist":[165],"networks,":[168],"but":[169],"Transport":[171],"Layer":[172],"Security":[173],"(TLS)":[174],"architecture":[175],"stood":[176],"out":[177],"superior":[180],"solution,":[181],"particularly":[182],"networks.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2023-10-16T00:00:00"}