{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387632389","doi":"https://doi.org/10.13189/cea.2023.110618","title":"Properties of Concrete and Mortar Containing Locust Bean Pod Ash as Cement Replacement: A Review","display_name":"Properties of Concrete and Mortar Containing Locust Bean Pod Ash as Cement Replacement: A Review","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387632389","doi":"https://doi.org/10.13189/cea.2023.110618"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.13189/cea.2023.110618","doi":"https://doi.org/10.13189/cea.2023.110618","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.13189/cea.2023.110618","pdf_url":"http://www.hrpub.org/download/20230930/CEA18-14833406.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210186571","display_name":"Civil Engineering and Architecture","issn_l":"2332-1091","issn":["2332-1091","2332-1121"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324001558","host_organization_name":"Horizon Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324001558"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Horizon Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Civil Engineering and Architecture","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://www.hrpub.org/download/20230930/CEA18-14833406.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050718004","display_name":"Felix Nkapheeyan Isa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2641-3714","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2641-3714"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139322472","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felix Nkapheeyan Isa","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077858435","display_name":"Megat Azmi Megat Johari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6490-4074","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6490-4074"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139322472","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Megat Azmi Megat Johari","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085992526","display_name":"Iorwuese Anum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4287-8164","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4287-8164"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60470151","display_name":"Modibbo Adama University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/015dhe595","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60470151"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iorwuese Anum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Building, Modibbo Adama University, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Building, Modibbo Adama University, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60470151"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090978564","display_name":"Solomon Maxwell Soji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7349-9573","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7349-9573"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60470151","display_name":"Modibbo Adama University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/015dhe595","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60470151"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Solomon Maxwell Soji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Building, Modibbo Adama University, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Building, Modibbo Adama University, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60470151"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030500211","display_name":"Changlia Hassan Salihu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3942-1496","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3942-1496"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139322472","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60470151","display_name":"Modibbo Adama University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/015dhe595","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60470151"]}],"countries":["MY","NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changlia Hassan Salihu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Building, Modibbo Adama University, Nigeria","School of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Building, Modibbo Adama University, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60470151"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093046408","display_name":"Julius Lananzakan Agabus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7261-4016","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7261-4016"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60470151","display_name":"Modibbo Adama University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/015dhe595","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60470151"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julius Lananzakan Agabus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Building, Modibbo Adama University, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Building, Modibbo Adama University, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60470151"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2135,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.42676369,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"6","first_page":"3479","last_page":"3487"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10033","display_name":"Concrete and Cement Materials Research","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10033","display_name":"Concrete and Cement Materials Research","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13140","display_name":"Materials Engineering and Processing","score":0.006399999838322401,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11847","display_name":"Recycled Aggregate Concrete Performance","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parkia-biglobosa","display_name":"Parkia biglobosa","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cement-replacement","display_name":"cement replacement","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supplementary-cementitious-materials","display_name":"supplementary cementitious materials","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pozzolanic-activity","display_name":"pozzolanic activity","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concrete-properties","display_name":"concrete properties","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortar-properties","display_name":"mortar properties","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compressive-strength","display_name":"compressive strength","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexural-strength","display_name":"flexural strength","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tensile-strength","display_name":"tensile strength","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slump","display_name":"slump","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/durability","display_name":"durability","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-waste-utilization","display_name":"agricultural waste utilization","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-concrete","display_name":"sustainable concrete","score":0.8709999918937683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776041477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83931","display_name":"Locust","level":2,"score":0.7271266579627991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523993062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45190","display_name":"Cement","level":2,"score":0.7212603092193604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130767629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7905205","display_name":"Mortar","level":2,"score":0.7107980847358704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137776501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208270","display_name":"Point of delivery","level":2,"score":0.6899695992469788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.47651660442352295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87343466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q236139","display_name":"Fly ash","level":2,"score":0.4409419894218445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3757670819759369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.37441423535346985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.36139315366744995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77595967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3151013","display_name":"Forensic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3318103551864624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.32554253935813904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.3208616375923157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.24756312370300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.11938101053237915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.07927170395851135}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.13189/cea.2023.110618","doi":"https://doi.org/10.13189/cea.2023.110618","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.13189/cea.2023.110618","pdf_url":"http://www.hrpub.org/download/20230930/CEA18-14833406.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210186571","display_name":"Civil Engineering and Architecture","issn_l":"2332-1091","issn":["2332-1091","2332-1121"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324001558","host_organization_name":"Horizon Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324001558"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Horizon Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Civil Engineering and Architecture","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.13189/cea.2023.110618","doi":"https://doi.org/10.13189/cea.2023.110618","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.13189/cea.2023.110618","pdf_url":"http://www.hrpub.org/download/20230930/CEA18-14833406.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210186571","display_name":"Civil Engineering and Architecture","issn_l":"2332-1091","issn":["2332-1091","2332-1121"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324001558","host_organization_name":"Horizon Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324001558"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Horizon Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Civil Engineering and Architecture","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"},{"score":0.7207000255584717,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322757","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335413","display_name":"Petroleum Technology Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/03zj57g67"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387632389.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387632389.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W81924622","https://openalex.org/W177842521","https://openalex.org/W1995569497","https://openalex.org/W2066243178","https://openalex.org/W2080785076","https://openalex.org/W2221387818","https://openalex.org/W2228887088","https://openalex.org/W2516703711","https://openalex.org/W2569877258","https://openalex.org/W2577794202","https://openalex.org/W2586906093","https://openalex.org/W2751835719","https://openalex.org/W2804285398","https://openalex.org/W2906853384","https://openalex.org/W2935959511","https://openalex.org/W2941126628","https://openalex.org/W2971022263","https://openalex.org/W2989265584","https://openalex.org/W2990330586","https://openalex.org/W2994842967","https://openalex.org/W3007046482","https://openalex.org/W3016648472","https://openalex.org/W3033044273","https://openalex.org/W3111236050","https://openalex.org/W3166078858","https://openalex.org/W4210702832","https://openalex.org/W4229006220","https://openalex.org/W6906812055"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6902060176","https://openalex.org/W2994842967","https://openalex.org/W7211916518","https://openalex.org/W7160921398","https://openalex.org/W2935959511","https://openalex.org/W7118214539","https://openalex.org/W3210542182","https://openalex.org/W7219933486","https://openalex.org/W6944175528","https://openalex.org/W4387546155"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Global":[0],"infrastructural":[1],"development":[2],"is":[3,47,132],"one":[4],"of":[5,8,16,38,55,68,95,101,111,154,162,169,176],"the":[6,13,32,36,53,65,88,99,109,167],"causes":[7],"environmental":[9],"degradation":[10],"resulting":[11],"from":[12,52],"high":[14],"usage":[15],"cement":[17,79],"and":[18,105,134,165,180],"other":[19],"nonrenewable":[20],"materials.":[21,42],"These":[22],"activities":[23],"have":[24,63],"led":[25],"to":[26,145,156],"a":[27,48,76,93,140,174],"shift":[28],"in":[29,31,80],"research":[30,85,164],"building":[33],"industry":[34],"towards":[35],"employment":[37],"abundant":[39],"natural":[40],"raw":[41],"Locust":[43,57],"bean":[44,71],"pod":[45,72],"(LBP)":[46],"waste":[49],"product":[50],"gotten":[51],"harvest":[54],"African":[56],"Bean":[58],"(Parkia":[59],"biglobosa).":[60],"Existing":[61],"literatures":[62],"shown":[64],"immense":[66],"potentials":[67,182],"using":[69],"locust":[70],"ash":[73],"(LBPA)":[74],"as":[75,119,121,139,173],"substitute":[77],"for":[78,103,183],"cement-based":[81],"products,":[82],"thus":[83],"drawing":[84],"attention":[86],"on":[87,98,113],"subject.":[89],"This":[90],"paper":[91],"presents":[92],"conspectus":[94],"previous":[96],"researches":[97],"use":[100],"LBPA":[102,112,131],"concrete":[104,147,185],"mortar":[106],"production.":[107],"Consequently,":[108],"effects":[110],"slump,":[114],"compressive,":[115],"flexural,":[116],"tensile":[117],"strength":[118],"well":[120],"some":[122],"durability":[123],"properties":[124,148],"are":[125],"discussed.":[126],"It":[127],"was":[128],"concluded":[129],"that":[130],"pozzolanic":[133],"can":[135],"be":[136],"satisfactorily":[137],"utilized":[138],"supplementary":[141],"cementing":[142],"material":[143],"(SCM)":[144],"enhance":[146],"with":[149],"an":[150],"optimum":[151],"replacement":[152],"range":[153],"5":[155],"15%.":[157],"The":[158],"study":[159],"highlights":[160],"areas":[161],"further":[163],"recommends":[166],"adoption":[168],"this":[170],"emerging":[171],"innovation":[172],"result":[175],"its":[177,181],"established":[178],"performance":[179],"sustainable":[184],"manufacture.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2023-10-14T00:00:00"}