{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387541449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3388406/v1","title":"Horizon scanning for invasive arthropods with the potential to threaten crop production industry in South Africa","display_name":"Horizon scanning for invasive arthropods with the potential to threaten crop production industry in South Africa","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387541449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3388406/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3388406/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3388406/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3388406/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-3388406/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-3388406/latest.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046443530","display_name":"Phumudzo Patrick Tshikhudo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0426-0622","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0426-0622"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311800043","display_name":"Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development","ror":"https://ror.org/02jp3w516","country_code":"ZA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311800043","https://openalex.org/I2800683076"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90546491","display_name":"University of Limpopo","ror":"https://ror.org/017p87168","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90546491"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Phumudzo Patrick Tshikhudo","raw_affiliation_strings":["South Africa Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development","University of Limpopo -Polokwane Campus: University of Limpopo Thinandavha C Munyai University of KwaZulu-Natal -Pietermaritzburg Campus"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0426-0622","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"South Africa Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311800043"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Limpopo -Polokwane Campus: University of Limpopo Thinandavha C Munyai University of KwaZulu-Natal -Pietermaritzburg Campus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90546491","https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093045213","display_name":"Aviwe Simandla","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311800043","display_name":"Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development","ror":"https://ror.org/02jp3w516","country_code":"ZA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311800043","https://openalex.org/I2800683076"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aviwe Simandla","raw_affiliation_strings":["South Africa Department of Agriculture, Rural Development and Land Reform"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"South Africa Department of Agriculture, Rural Development and Land Reform","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311800043"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057134466","display_name":"Livhuwani R. Nnzeru","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7788-7453","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7788-7453"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110670","display_name":"Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment","ror":"https://ror.org/01vm69c87","country_code":"ZA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800683076","https://openalex.org/I4210110670"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Livhuwani R Nnzeru","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110670"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064153479","display_name":"Solomon Gebeyehu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5011-7923","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5011-7923"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134144","display_name":"Citrus Research International","ror":"https://ror.org/04c525d12","country_code":"ZA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134144"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Solomon Gebeyehu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Citrus Research International"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Citrus Research International","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093045214","display_name":"Julie Mokwele","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311800043","display_name":"Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development","ror":"https://ror.org/02jp3w516","country_code":"ZA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311800043","https://openalex.org/I2800683076"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julie Mokwele","raw_affiliation_strings":["Republic of South Africa Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Republic of South Africa Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311800043"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077986344","display_name":"Maanda Rambauli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2747-1481","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2747-1481"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311800043","display_name":"Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development","ror":"https://ror.org/02jp3w516","country_code":"ZA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311800043","https://openalex.org/I2800683076"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maanda Rambauli","raw_affiliation_strings":["South African Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"South African Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311800043"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080110464","display_name":"Rudzani Albert Makhado","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0061-4910","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0061-4910","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0880-6442"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90546491","display_name":"University of Limpopo","ror":"https://ror.org/017p87168","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90546491"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rudzani Albert Makhado","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Limpopo - Polokwane Campus: University of Limpopo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Limpopo - Polokwane Campus: University of Limpopo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90546491"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000411901","display_name":"Thinandavha C. Munyai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1562-2385","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1562-2385"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thinandavha C Munyai","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of KwaZulu-Natal - Pietermaritzburg Campus"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of KwaZulu-Natal - Pietermaritzburg Campus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046443530"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311800043","https://openalex.org/I90546491","https://openalex.org/I95023434"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12043","display_name":"Insect behavior and control techniques","score":0.7627000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12043","display_name":"Insect behavior and control techniques","score":0.7627000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12701","display_name":"Biological Control of Invasive Species","score":0.07370000332593918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10135","display_name":"Insect-Plant Interactions and Control","score":0.04809999838471413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invasive-arthropods","display_name":"invasive arthropods","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invasive-alien-pest","display_name":"invasive alien pest","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/horizon-scanning","display_name":"horizon scanning","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pest-risk-analysis","display_name":"pest risk assessment","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pest-risk-management","display_name":"pest risk management","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crop-pests","display_name":"crop pests","score":0.5580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-africa","display_name":"South Africa","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maconellicoccus-hirsutus","display_name":"Maconellicoccus hirsutus","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thrips-palmi","display_name":"Thrips palmi","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bactrocera","display_name":"Bactrocera","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pectinophora-gossypiella","display_name":"Pectinophora gossypiella","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phytosanitary-measures","display_name":"phytosanitary measures","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pest-monitoring","display_name":"pest monitoring","score":0.5659999847412109}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6591497659683228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989409935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Crop production","level":3,"score":0.5554583072662354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.5273340940475464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54286561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q397350","display_name":"Agroforestry","level":1,"score":0.46546339988708496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.45141884684562683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159176650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43261","display_name":"Horizon","level":2,"score":0.43605324625968933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.4195134937763214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.3467145264148712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.33374854922294617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.24363943934440613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.2428312599658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.20747238397598267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.19285047054290771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3388406/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3388406/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3388406/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-3388406/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3388406/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3388406/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3388406/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-3388406/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.9208999872207642}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387541449.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387541449.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W136144435","https://openalex.org/W611822733","https://openalex.org/W1815427854","https://openalex.org/W1970077040","https://openalex.org/W1989303376","https://openalex.org/W2002682820","https://openalex.org/W2030901033","https://openalex.org/W2061487547","https://openalex.org/W2069729349","https://openalex.org/W2097687674","https://openalex.org/W2104294502","https://openalex.org/W2105383668","https://openalex.org/W2123307492","https://openalex.org/W2130274225","https://openalex.org/W2134244874","https://openalex.org/W2139486462","https://openalex.org/W2145588152","https://openalex.org/W2146810642","https://openalex.org/W2148298021","https://openalex.org/W2148898411","https://openalex.org/W2159253866","https://openalex.org/W2171653565","https://openalex.org/W2176826803","https://openalex.org/W2179265552","https://openalex.org/W2186143114","https://openalex.org/W2186653219","https://openalex.org/W2230929251","https://openalex.org/W2249781099","https://openalex.org/W2293031983","https://openalex.org/W2385785820","https://openalex.org/W2601176089","https://openalex.org/W2605272040","https://openalex.org/W2606175205","https://openalex.org/W2625446259","https://openalex.org/W2761444092","https://openalex.org/W2807296788","https://openalex.org/W2914067810","https://openalex.org/W2953044411","https://openalex.org/W3037105506","https://openalex.org/W3108927968","https://openalex.org/W3156696617","https://openalex.org/W3165417549","https://openalex.org/W3169404642","https://openalex.org/W3191203337","https://openalex.org/W4206007456","https://openalex.org/W4210874794","https://openalex.org/W4281752774","https://openalex.org/W4320922103","https://openalex.org/W4324304909","https://openalex.org/W4362612911","https://openalex.org/W4386658570"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4408932345","https://openalex.org/W7138445922","https://openalex.org/W4210874794","https://openalex.org/W4406857024","https://openalex.org/W4386658570","https://openalex.org/W4414072516","https://openalex.org/W2106514883","https://openalex.org/W4413035231","https://openalex.org/W3151114418","https://openalex.org/W4281752774"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Invasive":[1],"alien":[2,43,101],"pests":[3,53,107,148,179,198,222,236],"have":[4,111,165],"caused":[5],"a":[6],"considerable":[7],"negative":[8],"impact":[9],"on":[10,144],"socio-economic":[11],"growth":[12],"and":[13,51,88,156,162,170,190,205,214,242],"development":[14],"in":[15,31,57,65,172,199,207,223],"the":[16,33,66,112,150,173,194,208,217,224,227,238,246],"South":[17,69,120],"African":[18],"agricultural":[19],"sector.":[20],"An":[21],"effective":[22],"strategy":[23],"called":[24],"horizon":[25],"scanning":[26],"has":[27],"recently":[28],"gained":[29],"momentum":[30],"assessing":[32],"preparedness":[34],"level":[35],"for":[36,168,216,249],"prospective":[37],"changes":[38],"or":[39,219],"threats":[40],"by":[41],"invasive":[42,102,106],"pests.":[44,252],"The":[45,92,147],"study":[46,94],"was":[47],"conducted":[48],"to":[49,62,74,110,119,140],"identify":[50],"prioritize":[52],"already":[54],"occurring":[55],"elsewhere":[56],"Africa":[58,70],"that":[59,96],"are":[60,108,177,245],"likely":[61,139],"be":[63],"introduced":[64,118],"Republic":[67],"of":[68,98,116,180,201,203,221],"as":[71,73,142,175],"well":[72],"develop":[75],"pest":[76,80,89,211],"risk":[77,81,115,212],"analysis":[78],"reports,":[79],"management":[82],"measures,":[83],"surveillance":[84,215],"procedures,":[85],"regulatory":[86],"framework":[87],"response":[90],"strategies.":[91],"current":[93],"revealed":[95],"out":[97],"97":[99],"known":[100],"arthropods,":[103],"only":[104],"22":[105],"considered":[109],"highest":[113,151,239],"potential":[114,167],"being":[117],"Africa.":[121],"Among":[122],"these,":[123],"8":[124],"were":[125,138,153,193,226],"Hemiptera,":[126],"6":[127],"Coleoptera,":[128],"5":[129],"Diptera,":[130],"2":[131],"Lepidoptera,":[132],"one":[133],"Thysanoptera.":[134],"Most":[135],"arthropods":[136],"(80%)":[137],"arrive":[141],"contaminants":[143],"plant":[145,243],"commodities.":[146],"with":[149,237],"scores":[152],"Maconellicoccus":[154],"hirsutus,":[155,161],"Thrips":[157],"palmi.":[158],"Both":[159],"M.":[160],"T.":[163],"palmi":[164],"higher":[166],"entering":[169],"establishing":[171],"country":[174,225],"they":[176],"important":[178],"plants.":[181],"Zygodacus":[182],"cucurbitae,":[183],"Bactrocera":[184],"latifrons,":[185],"B.":[186],"zonata,":[187],"Paracocus":[188],"marginatus,":[189],"Pectinophora":[191],"gossypiella":[192],"second":[195],"most":[196,228],"economic":[197],"terms":[200],"likelihood":[202],"entry":[204],"establishment":[206],"country.":[209],"Complete":[210],"assessments":[213],"presence":[218],"introduction":[220],"frequently":[229],"recommended":[230],"phytosanitary":[231],"measures":[232],"against":[233],"highly":[234],"prioritised":[235,251],"scores.":[240],"Plants":[241],"products":[244],"primary":[247],"pathways":[248],"these":[250]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2023-10-12T00:00:00"}