{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387520249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122915","title":"Fostering rural entrepreneurship: An ex-post analysis for Spanish municipalities","display_name":"Fostering rural entrepreneurship: An ex-post analysis for Spanish municipalities","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387520249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122915"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122915","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122915","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S39307421","display_name":"Technological Forecasting and Social Change","issn_l":"0040-1625","issn":["0040-1625","1873-5509"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Technological Forecasting and Social Change","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W4387520249"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122915","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085197095","display_name":"Ana Patricia Fanjul Alemany","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1650-584X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1650-584X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8833935","display_name":"Universidad de Le\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/02tzt0b78","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8833935"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ana P. Fanjul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Business Economics, University of Leon, Leon 24007, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1650-584X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business Economics, University of Leon, Leon 24007, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8833935"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Liliana Herrera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8091-8054","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8091-8054"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8833935","display_name":"Universidad de Le\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/02tzt0b78","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8833935"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liliana Herrera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Business Economics, University of Leon, Leon 24007, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8091-8054","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business Economics, University of Leon, Leon 24007, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8833935"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109979570","display_name":"Mar\u00eda Felisa Mu\u00f1oz Doyague","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8091-8054","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8091-8054"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8833935","display_name":"Universidad de Le\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/02tzt0b78","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8833935"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria F. Munoz-Doyague","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Business Economics, University of Leon, Leon 24007, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2350-459X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business Economics, University of Leon, Leon 24007, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8833935"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085197095"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8833935"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2500},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2500},"fwci":4.4047,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93928697,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"197","issue":null,"first_page":"122915","last_page":"122915"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.5659000277519226,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.5659000277519226,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12098","display_name":"Rural development and sustainability","score":0.2996000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12636","display_name":"Regional Development and Innovation","score":0.048500001430511475,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-entrepreneurship","display_name":"rural entrepreneurship","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottom-up-policy","display_name":"bottom-up policy","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entrepreneurial-ecosystems","display_name":"entrepreneurial ecosystems","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-unemployment","display_name":"rural unemployment","score":0.5149999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technological-innovation","display_name":"technological innovation","score":0.5059999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-adoption","display_name":"technology adoption","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basic-infrastructure","display_name":"basic infrastructure","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-inequality","display_name":"rural inequality","score":0.503000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/female-workers","display_name":"female workers","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spanish-municipalities","display_name":"Spanish municipalities","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/policy-evaluation","display_name":"policy evaluation","score":0.30399999022483826}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778126366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41171","display_name":"Unemployment","level":2,"score":0.7196316719055176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84309077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3908516","display_name":"Entrepreneurship","level":2,"score":0.7049228549003601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26869875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2596417","display_name":"Beneficiary","level":2,"score":0.7036946415901184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5930157899856567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.5900769233703613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129047720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175185","display_name":"Rural area","level":2,"score":0.5725528597831726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55527203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334194","display_name":"Spillover effect","level":2,"score":0.5127950310707092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.5030009150505066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3141990900039673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.15608301758766174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.11803385615348816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122915","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122915","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S39307421","display_name":"Technological Forecasting and Social Change","issn_l":"0040-1625","issn":["0040-1625","1873-5509"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Technological Forecasting and Social Change","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:buleria.unileon.es:10612/17303","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10612/17303","pdf_url":"https://buleria.unileon.es/bitstream/10612/17303/1/Fostering%20_Rural_Entrepreneurship_Ex-post_Analysis.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401642","display_name":"Buleria (Universidad de Le\u00f3n)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169046204","host_organization_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169046204"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:eee:tefoso:v:197:y:2023:i:c:s0040162523006005","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040162523006005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122915","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122915","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S39307421","display_name":"Technological Forecasting and Social Change","issn_l":"0040-1625","issn":["0040-1625","1873-5509"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Technological Forecasting and Social Change","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.8974000215530396}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387520249.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387520249.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":97,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W92767286","https://openalex.org/W597842264","https://openalex.org/W1486100616","https://openalex.org/W1537543935","https://openalex.org/W1582962847","https://openalex.org/W1759037920","https://openalex.org/W1972444414","https://openalex.org/W1973870316","https://openalex.org/W2009344767","https://openalex.org/W2015359383","https://openalex.org/W2020564745","https://openalex.org/W2035963849","https://openalex.org/W2046579987","https://openalex.org/W2120759428","https://openalex.org/W2128753220","https://openalex.org/W2166820664","https://openalex.org/W2346999641","https://openalex.org/W2418929268","https://openalex.org/W2527824428","https://openalex.org/W2529449281","https://openalex.org/W2542853678","https://openalex.org/W2552697464","https://openalex.org/W2575467444","https://openalex.org/W2593014081","https://openalex.org/W2739126509","https://openalex.org/W2758947154","https://openalex.org/W2761814734","https://openalex.org/W2765997214","https://openalex.org/W2781768742","https://openalex.org/W2788666636","https://openalex.org/W2791859701","https://openalex.org/W2794333010","https://openalex.org/W2794350933","https://openalex.org/W2796761821","https://openalex.org/W2800385303","https://openalex.org/W2800467347","https://openalex.org/W2808294899","https://openalex.org/W2886928119","https://openalex.org/W2888787068","https://openalex.org/W2890313538","https://openalex.org/W2891821898","https://openalex.org/W2900474554","https://openalex.org/W2900566643","https://openalex.org/W2902411778","https://openalex.org/W2913819759","https://openalex.org/W2936960068","https://openalex.org/W2944138401","https://openalex.org/W2944996365","https://openalex.org/W2949590100","https://openalex.org/W2957288594","https://openalex.org/W2981240017","https://openalex.org/W2984640544","https://openalex.org/W2990069558","https://openalex.org/W2992704409","https://openalex.org/W2997194463","https://openalex.org/W2999912371","https://openalex.org/W3009207594","https://openalex.org/W3010936486","https://openalex.org/W3038309351","https://openalex.org/W3042555282","https://openalex.org/W3042652864","https://openalex.org/W3045117428","https://openalex.org/W3083967159","https://openalex.org/W3111951041","https://openalex.org/W3112066496","https://openalex.org/W3113269512","https://openalex.org/W3123544738","https://openalex.org/W3126085532","https://openalex.org/W3128170268","https://openalex.org/W3134460912","https://openalex.org/W3171503817","https://openalex.org/W3174171996","https://openalex.org/W3199451633","https://openalex.org/W3200906568","https://openalex.org/W3203211703","https://openalex.org/W3203891921","https://openalex.org/W3209665167","https://openalex.org/W3211506744","https://openalex.org/W3214109239","https://openalex.org/W3215972425","https://openalex.org/W4206774431","https://openalex.org/W4210299055","https://openalex.org/W4214711487","https://openalex.org/W4214892939","https://openalex.org/W4226354915","https://openalex.org/W4251000357","https://openalex.org/W4281712897","https://openalex.org/W4283748821","https://openalex.org/W4288801195","https://openalex.org/W4293254886","https://openalex.org/W4294308031","https://openalex.org/W4296970017","https://openalex.org/W4309825904","https://openalex.org/W4310149776","https://openalex.org/W4318338015","https://openalex.org/W4322012899","https://openalex.org/W4328050739"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4328050739","https://openalex.org/W4416007306","https://openalex.org/W4396812387","https://openalex.org/W1228846200","https://openalex.org/W2291933588","https://openalex.org/W1937051804","https://openalex.org/W7098065777","https://openalex.org/W2624250057","https://openalex.org/W3178623825","https://openalex.org/W7095176887"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Entrepreneurs":[0],"in":[1,36,179,188,228],"rural":[2,45,72,229,263],"areas":[3],"contribute":[4],"enormously":[5],"to":[6,30,53,70,80,143,215,221,257],"these":[7,59,259],"territories,":[8],"but":[9],"they":[10],"also":[11,97,185],"face":[12],"challenges":[13],"not":[14,157,211],"encountered":[15],"by":[16,44],"their":[17],"urban":[18],"counterparts.":[19],"These":[20],"problems":[21,60],"include":[22],"lack":[23],"of":[24,58,65,86,93,117,148,165,218,241],"basic":[25,110,219],"infrastructure":[26,111,220],"and":[27,34,109,195,224],"fewer":[28],"opportunities":[29],"exploit":[31],"new":[32],"technologies":[33],"engage":[35],"innovation":[37,194,223],"projects.":[38,135],"Research":[39],"into":[40],"the":[41,87,91,115,118,145,163,180,200,216,232,242,247,252],"limitations":[42],"experienced":[43],"entrepreneurs":[46],"is":[47],"scarce.":[48],"The":[49],"present":[50],"study":[51],"seeks":[52],"provide":[54],"a":[55,77,122,138,170],"better":[56],"understanding":[57],"through":[61],"an":[62,66],"ex-post":[63],"analysis":[64,126],"innovative":[67],"policy":[68,75,119,151,253],"designed":[69],"foster":[71],"entrepreneurship.":[73],"This":[74,213],"adopts":[76],"\u201cbottom-up\u201d":[78],"approach":[79],"promoting":[81,104],"relationships":[82],"among":[83,199],"different":[84],"parts":[85],"entrepreneurial":[88],"ecosystem.":[89],"Among":[90],"recipients":[92],"this":[94,149,166],"policy,":[95],"some":[96,131],"benefited":[98],"from":[99,162],"other":[100],"programs":[101],"aimed":[102],"at":[103],"technological":[105],"innovation,":[106],"technology":[107,206,226],"adoption":[108,207,227],"improvements.":[112],"To":[113],"assess":[114],"influence":[116],"we":[120],"conducted":[121],"municipality":[123],"(LAU-2)":[124],"level":[125],"using":[127],"unique":[128],"data":[129],"on":[130,152,262],"12.6":[132],"million":[133],"beneficiary":[134],"We":[136,155,168],"employed":[137],"recently":[139],"developed":[140],"difference-in-difference":[141],"method":[142],"estimate":[144],"causal":[146],"effect":[147],"bottom-up":[150],"local":[153],"workers.":[154],"did":[156,210],"identify":[158],"any":[159],"spillover":[160],"effects":[161,234,261],"implementation":[164],"policy.":[167],"found":[169,235],"positive":[171],"impact":[172],"which":[173],"was":[174],"effective":[175],"for":[176,193,205,236],"reducing":[177],"unemployment":[178,208],"treated":[181],"areas.":[182,230],"Unemployment":[183],"levels":[184,209],"reduced":[186],"significantly":[187],"municipalities":[189],"that":[190,202,251],"received":[191,203],"funds":[192],"enhanced":[196],"infrastructure;":[197],"however,":[198],"group":[201],"help":[204],"change.":[212],"points":[214],"importance":[217],"enable":[222],"increase":[225],"Also,":[231],"lower":[233],"female":[237],"workers":[238],"-":[239],"one":[240],"most":[243],"vulnerable":[244],"groups":[245],"within":[246],"ecosystem":[248],"\u2013":[249],"suggest":[250],"should":[254],"be":[255],"refined":[256],"avoid":[258],"unintended":[260],"inequality.":[264]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2023-10-12T00:00:00"}
