{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387500946","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajrm/2023/v16i4317","title":"Evaluation of the Influence of Culture Media and Neem Cake Extract on the Growth Rate of Three Soil Borne Fungi (Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma viride and Sclerotium rolfsii)","display_name":"Evaluation of the Influence of Culture Media and Neem Cake Extract on the Growth Rate of Three Soil Borne Fungi (Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma viride and Sclerotium rolfsii)","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387500946","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajrm/2023/v16i4317"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.9734/sajrm/2023/v16i4317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajrm/2023/v16i4317","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajrm/2023/v16i4317","pdf_url":"https://journalsajrm.com/index.php/SAJRM/article/download/317/629","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210237940","display_name":"South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology","issn_l":"2582-1989","issn":["2582-1989"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://journalsajrm.com/index.php/SAJRM/article/download/317/629","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109747072","display_name":"Daniel Offiong Etim","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3970730","display_name":"University of Calabar","ror":"https://ror.org/05qderh61","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3970730"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Offiong Etim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3970730"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113081439","display_name":"Rosemary Anietie Bassey","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3970730","display_name":"University of Calabar","ror":"https://ror.org/05qderh61","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3970730"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bassey Rosemary Aniete","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3970730"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093036824","display_name":"Ndarake Eden Ini-Ibehe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3970730","display_name":"University of Calabar","ror":"https://ror.org/05qderh61","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3970730"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ndarake Eden Ini-Ibehe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3970730"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112222448","display_name":"Etim Johnson Umana","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3970730","display_name":"University of Calabar","ror":"https://ror.org/05qderh61","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3970730"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Etim Johnson Umana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3970730"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093036825","display_name":"Ireozor Nancy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3970730","display_name":"University of Calabar","ror":"https://ror.org/05qderh61","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3970730"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ireozor Nancy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3970730"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3970730"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1385,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.36505244,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"4","first_page":"53","last_page":"66"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12660","display_name":"Plant Disease Management Techniques","score":0.6801999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12660","display_name":"Plant Disease Management Techniques","score":0.6801999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11900","display_name":"Fungal Plant Pathogen Control","score":0.20100000500679016,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10225","display_name":"Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity","score":0.04610000178217888,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trichoderma-harzianum","display_name":"Trichoderma harzianum","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trichoderma-viride","display_name":"Trichoderma viride","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sclerotium-rolfsii","display_name":"Sclerotium rolfsii","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soilborne-fungi","display_name":"soil-borne fungi","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/culture-medium","display_name":"culture media","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fungal-growth-rate","display_name":"fungal growth rate","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sporulation","display_name":"sporulation","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/watermelon","display_name":"watermelon","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-control","display_name":"biological control","score":0.4950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-pathogenic-fungi","display_name":"plant pathogenic fungi","score":0.5099999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/potato-dextrose-agar","display_name":"potato dextrose agar","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malt-extract-agar","display_name":"malt extract agar","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sabouraud-dextrose-agar","display_name":"Sabouraud dextrose agar","score":0.9919999837875366}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778740152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837377","display_name":"Sclerotium","level":2,"score":0.8583442568778992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174618031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177332","display_name":"Spore","level":2,"score":0.840514063835144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776511177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3003918","display_name":"Trichoderma harzianum","level":3,"score":0.7972802519798279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146763376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81714","display_name":"Petri dish","level":2,"score":0.705765426158905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778660310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177998","display_name":"Agar","level":3,"score":0.6390966176986694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.6296406984329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780052172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3915697","display_name":"Trichoderma viride","level":2,"score":0.6012732982635498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778138406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3116840","display_name":"Potato dextrose agar","level":4,"score":0.578005313873291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780214302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135322","display_name":"Trichoderma","level":2,"score":0.5314886569976807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180032290","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1664296","display_name":"Inoculation","level":2,"score":0.46797898411750793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62643968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574816","display_name":"Agar plate","level":3,"score":0.4249504804611206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.41993504762649536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.3744350075721741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.1719495952129364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104727253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116890","display_name":"Biological pest control","level":2,"score":0.12995758652687073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.05231860280036926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.9734/sajrm/2023/v16i4317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajrm/2023/v16i4317","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajrm/2023/v16i4317","pdf_url":"https://journalsajrm.com/index.php/SAJRM/article/download/317/629","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210237940","display_name":"South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology","issn_l":"2582-1989","issn":["2582-1989"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:journalsajrm.com:article/317","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journalsajrm.com/index.php/SAJRM/article/view/317","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210237940","display_name":"South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology","issn_l":"2582-1989","issn":["2582-1989"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2582-1989","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05178707v1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05178707","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology, 2023, 16 (4), pp.53-66","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.9734/sajrm/2023/v16i4317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajrm/2023/v16i4317","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajrm/2023/v16i4317","pdf_url":"https://journalsajrm.com/index.php/SAJRM/article/download/317/629","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210237940","display_name":"South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology","issn_l":"2582-1989","issn":["2582-1989"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.9208999872207642}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387500946.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387500946.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1025580301","https://openalex.org/W1773124392","https://openalex.org/W2047059759","https://openalex.org/W2061930592","https://openalex.org/W2623860795","https://openalex.org/W2757658339","https://openalex.org/W3015071318","https://openalex.org/W3197413590","https://openalex.org/W4230802376","https://openalex.org/W4384030473","https://openalex.org/W4417117887","https://openalex.org/W6600005967"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3195472161","https://openalex.org/W2104531423","https://openalex.org/W3195939604","https://openalex.org/W2154127862","https://openalex.org/W292196209","https://openalex.org/W1529759238","https://openalex.org/W2313264246","https://openalex.org/W4297834967","https://openalex.org/W2221866656","https://openalex.org/W4391436918"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Aims:":[0],"To":[1],"evaluate":[2],"the":[3,86,204,220,225,241,266,293,297],"performance":[4],"and":[5,26,49,62,73,101,129,193,249,259,289,302],"efficacy":[6],"of":[7,51,54,57,76,106,131,136,147,170,237,254,295],"three":[8],"fungi":[9,137,148,298],"on":[10,200,219],"pure":[11,118,177,201,213,288],"Sabouraud":[12],"dextrose":[13,17],"agar":[14,18,22],"(SDA),":[15],"Potato":[16,233],"(PDA),":[19],"malt":[20],"extract":[21],"(MEA);":[23],"SDA,":[24],"PDA":[25,192,214,301],"MEA":[27,194,223,248,264,291],"modified":[28,181,184,221,290],"in":[29,43,176,180,190],"combination":[30],"with":[31],"different":[32],"neem":[33],"cake":[34],"concentrations.":[35],"Study":[36],"Design:":[37],"The":[38,281],"experiment":[39],"was":[40,90,122,149,158,173],"laid":[41],"out":[42],"a":[44],"completely":[45],"randomized":[46],"design.":[47],"Place":[48],"Duration":[50],"Study:":[52],"Department":[53],"Botany,":[55],"University":[56],"Calabar,":[58],"between":[59],"July":[60],"2021":[61],"September,":[63],"2021.":[64],"Methodology:":[65],"Fungal":[66],"pathogens":[67],"were":[68,82,113,140,187],"isolated":[69],"from":[70],"soil":[71],"samples":[72],"infected":[74],"fruits":[75],"water":[77],"melon.":[78],"Different":[79],"culture":[80,139],"media":[81,178],"used":[83],"to":[84,92,116,142],"grow":[85],"pathogens.":[87],"Chloramphenicol":[88],"(250mg)":[89],"added":[91],"each":[93],"medium,":[94],"autoclaved":[95],"at":[96,103,160,195,208,215,229,244,257,270],"1210C":[97],"for":[98,164],"15":[99],"minutes,":[100],"kept":[102],"room":[104],"temperature":[105],"21":[107],"\u00b1":[108],"10C.":[109],"After":[110],"inoculation,":[111],"colonies":[112],"sub":[114],"cultured":[115],"obtain":[117],"culture.":[119],"Media":[120],"modification":[121],"achieved":[123],"by":[124,212,274],"adding":[125],"10g,":[126],"20g,":[127],"30g":[128],"40g":[130],"extract.":[132],"Cork":[133],"borer":[134],"(5mm)":[135],"stock":[138],"transferred":[141],"Petri":[143],"dishes.":[144],"Linear":[145],"growth":[146,156,283,294],"recorded":[150],"after":[151],"16":[152],"hours.":[153],"Average":[154],"linear":[155],"rate":[157,284],"measured":[159],"12":[161],"hours":[162],"interval":[163],"five":[165],"days.":[166],"Results:":[167],"Spore":[168],"concentration":[169,207,228,269],"Sclerotium":[171],"rolfsii":[172],"significantly":[174,188],"higher":[175,189],"than":[179,300],"media.":[182],"Among":[183],"media,":[185,222],"concentrations":[186],"both":[191,287],"1.60x106":[196],"spores/ml.":[197,231,279],"Trichoderma":[198,238],"viride":[199],"SDA":[202,250,275],"produced":[203,240],"highest":[205,226,242,267],"spore":[206,227,255,268],"4.80x106":[209],"spores/ml":[210,246,261,272],"followed":[211,273],"4.10x106":[216],"spores/ml,":[217],"whereas":[218],"had":[224,251,265,277],"1.80x106":[230],"Pure":[232],"Dextroes":[234],"Agar":[235],"(PDA)":[236],"harzianum":[239],"spores":[243],"6.10x106":[245],"while":[247],"close":[252],"range":[253],"production":[256],"4.90x106":[258],"4.30x106":[260],"respectively.":[262],"Modified":[263],"1.30x106":[271],"which":[276],"1.1x106":[278],"Conclusion:":[280],"mycelia":[282],"reveals":[285],"that":[286],"supported":[292],"all":[296],"better":[299],"SDA.":[303]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-25T09:29:13.331239","created_date":"2023-10-11T00:00:00"}