{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387475949","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3323591","title":"Link Prediction for Completing Graphical Software Models Using Neural Networks","display_name":"Link Prediction for Completing Graphical Software Models Using Neural Networks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387475949","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3323591"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3323591","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3323591","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3323591","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10274976.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10274976.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085146071","display_name":"Onur Leblebici","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5100-2968","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5100-2968"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120217413","display_name":"Izmir Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03stptj97","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120217413"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Onur Leblebici","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, \u0130zmir Institute of Technology, \u0130zmir, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5100-2968","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, \u0130zmir Institute of Technology, \u0130zmir, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120217413"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062663699","display_name":"Tu\u011fkan Tu\u011flular","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6797-3913","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6797-3913"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120217413","display_name":"Izmir Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03stptj97","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120217413"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tugkan Tuglular","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, \u0130zmir Institute of Technology, \u0130zmir, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6797-3913","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, \u0130zmir Institute of Technology, \u0130zmir, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120217413"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077251668","display_name":"Fevzi Belli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8421-3497","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8421-3497"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120217413","display_name":"Izmir Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03stptj97","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120217413"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206945453","display_name":"Paderborn University","ror":"https://ror.org/058kzsd48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206945453"]}],"countries":["DE","TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fevzi Belli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, \u0130zmir Institute of Technology, \u0130zmir, Turkey","Department of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering and Mathematics, University of Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8421-3497","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, \u0130zmir Institute of Technology, \u0130zmir, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120217413"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering and Mathematics, University of Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206945453"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1950},"apc_paid":{"value":1950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1950},"fwci":0.2525,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54152356,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"115934","last_page":"115950"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11450","display_name":"Model-Driven Software Engineering Techniques","score":0.9556000232696533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11450","display_name":"Model-Driven Software Engineering Techniques","score":0.9556000232696533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.03189999982714653,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10703","display_name":"Business Process Modeling and Analysis","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/link-prediction","display_name":"link prediction","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph-neural-networks","display_name":"graph neural networks","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incomplete-models","display_name":"incomplete models","score":0.4129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seals","display_name":"seals","score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-architecture-modeling","display_name":"software architecture modeling","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-completion","display_name":"model completion","score":0.4009999930858612}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8204962611198425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.662665605545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.6166565418243408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5665521025657654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155846161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143367","display_name":"Graphical model","level":2,"score":0.548946738243103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.48465925455093384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.4656119644641876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.4569327235221863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.45613935589790344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9357733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6878417","display_name":"Missing data","level":2,"score":0.4553745687007904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.42443203926086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4000625014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.23741257190704346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.15675589442253113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3323591","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3323591","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3323591","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10274976.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ad2250be959d42ecb23fd1607a73fd95","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ad2250be959d42ecb23fd1607a73fd95","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 115934-115950 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:gcris.iyte.edu.tr:11147/14039","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11147/14039","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196445","display_name":"IYTE GCRIS Database (Izmir Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I120217413","host_organization_name":"Izmir Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120217413"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3323591","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3323591","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3323591","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10274976.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387475949.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387475949.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W168725978","https://openalex.org/W351061781","https://openalex.org/W1508113248","https://openalex.org/W1536929369","https://openalex.org/W1537891716","https://openalex.org/W1538131130","https://openalex.org/W1629311836","https://openalex.org/W1966929869","https://openalex.org/W1979104937","https://openalex.org/W2005732451","https://openalex.org/W2020034474","https://openalex.org/W2025684715","https://openalex.org/W2044010567","https://openalex.org/W2074835004","https://openalex.org/W2088749975","https://openalex.org/W2099540113","https://openalex.org/W2113457891","https://openalex.org/W2116341502","https://openalex.org/W2116802854","https://openalex.org/W2124346877","https://openalex.org/W2126529005","https://openalex.org/W2127513832","https://openalex.org/W2134828283","https://openalex.org/W2140679639","https://openalex.org/W2143669126","https://openalex.org/W2147839365","https://openalex.org/W2154025936","https://openalex.org/W2158787690","https://openalex.org/W2167762898","https://openalex.org/W2170806228","https://openalex.org/W2245153722","https://openalex.org/W2273599507","https://openalex.org/W2281922300","https://openalex.org/W2289531811","https://openalex.org/W2342683793","https://openalex.org/W2519887557","https://openalex.org/W2624431344","https://openalex.org/W2766453196","https://openalex.org/W2786915849","https://openalex.org/W2788512147","https://openalex.org/W2788919350","https://openalex.org/W2792839479","https://openalex.org/W2950742983","https://openalex.org/W2955704984","https://openalex.org/W2962756421","https://openalex.org/W2979402468","https://openalex.org/W2979954540","https://openalex.org/W2980816651","https://openalex.org/W3026640598","https://openalex.org/W3035907598","https://openalex.org/W3091817824","https://openalex.org/W3196981052","https://openalex.org/W4205839261","https://openalex.org/W4232932184","https://openalex.org/W4377086712","https://openalex.org/W4386159963","https://openalex.org/W6603313578"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3196981052","https://openalex.org/W4385934047","https://openalex.org/W3129799360","https://openalex.org/W4205675915","https://openalex.org/W4405399881","https://openalex.org/W4297348178","https://openalex.org/W2795255058","https://openalex.org/W7155044906","https://openalex.org/W4409098049","https://openalex.org/W4323520826"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deficiencies":[0],"and":[1,15,42,90,107,118,133,147,177],"inconsistencies":[2],"introduced":[3],"during":[4],"the":[5,18,83,97,102,111,115,121,124,160,169],"modeling":[6,68,166],"of":[7,20,82,123,158,171,179],"software":[8,34,38,69],"systems":[9,39],"may":[10],"result":[11],"in":[12,36,60,67,187],"high":[13],"costs":[14],"negatively":[16],"impact":[17],"quality":[19],"all":[21],"developments":[22],"performed":[23],"using":[24,137],"these":[25],"models.":[26,201],"Therefore,":[27],"developing":[28,37],"more":[29],"accurate":[30],"models":[31,81,103,129],"will":[32],"aid":[33],"architects":[35],"that":[40,182],"match":[41],"exceed":[43],"expectations.":[44],"This":[45],"paper":[46],"proposes":[47,91],"a":[48],"graph":[49],"neural":[50],"network":[51],"(GNN)":[52],"method":[53,73],"for":[54],"predicting":[55],"missing":[56,183],"connections,":[57],"or":[58],"links,":[59],"graphical":[61,80],"models,":[62],"which":[63],"are":[64,135,153],"widely":[65],"employed":[66],"systems.":[70],"The":[71],"proposed":[72],"utilizes":[74],"graphs":[75,151],"as":[76,88,155],"allegedly":[77],"incomplete,":[78],"primitive":[79],"system":[84],"under":[85,145],"consideration":[86],"(SUC)":[87],"input":[89],"links":[92],"between":[93,185],"its":[94],"elements":[95],"through":[96],"following":[98],"steps:":[99],"(i)":[100],"transform":[101],"into":[104],"graph-structured":[105],"data":[106],"extract":[108],"features":[109],"from":[110,199],"nodes,":[112],"(ii)":[113],"train":[114],"GNN":[116,128,180],"model,":[117],"(iii)":[119],"evaluate":[120],"performance":[122,139],"trained":[125],"model.":[126],"Two":[127],"based":[130],"on":[131,174],"SEAL":[132],"DeepLinker":[134],"evaluated":[136],"three":[138],"metrics,":[140],"namely":[141],"cross-entropy":[142],"loss,":[143],"area":[144],"curve,":[146],"accuracy.":[148],"Event":[149],"sequence":[150],"(ESGs)":[152],"used":[154],"an":[156,163,188],"example":[157],"applying":[159],"approach":[161],"to":[162],"event-based":[164],"behavioral":[165],"technique.":[167],"Examining":[168],"results":[170],"experiments":[172],"conducted":[173],"various":[175],"datasets":[176,197],"variations":[178],"reveals":[181],"connections":[184],"events":[186],"ESG":[189,200],"can":[190],"be":[191],"predicted":[192],"even":[193],"with":[194],"relatively":[195],"small":[196],"generated":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2023-10-11T00:00:00"}
