{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387420873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad432","title":"Early Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy Preserves the Metabolic Function of CD4+ T Cells in Subtype C Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 Infection","display_name":"Early Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy Preserves the Metabolic Function of CD4+ T Cells in Subtype C Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 Infection","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387420873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad432","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37804102","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10938216"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/infdis/jiad432","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad432","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad432","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jid/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/infdis/jiad432/51927842/jiad432.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S54542293","display_name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","issn_l":"0022-1899","issn":["0022-1899","1537-6613"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jid/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/infdis/jiad432/51927842/jiad432.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103842187","display_name":"Kewreshini K. Naidoo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137251492","display_name":"Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV)","ror":"https://ror.org/02r2q1d96","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137251492","https://openalex.org/I315704651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["DE","ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kewreshini K Naidoo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology , Hamburg , Germany","HIV Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban , South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology , Hamburg , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137251492"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"HIV Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban , South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089686591","display_name":"Andrew J. Highton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3967-016X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3967-016X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80281795","display_name":"University of Otago","ror":"https://ror.org/01jmxt844","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew J Highton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031433567","display_name":"Omolara O. Baiyegunhi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8361-5534","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8361-5534"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127310","display_name":"Africa Health Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/034m6ke32","country_code":"ZA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127310","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omolara O Baiyegunhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Africa Health Research Institute , Durban , South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Africa Health Research Institute , Durban , South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127310"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111052793","display_name":"Sindiswa P Bhengu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sindiswa P Bhengu","raw_affiliation_strings":["HIV Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban , South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HIV Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban , South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088371341","display_name":"Krista L. Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2038-3518","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2038-3518"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802422659","display_name":"Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard","ror":"https://ror.org/053r20n13","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2802422659","https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krista L Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts , USA","Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts , USA","Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802422659"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107825038","display_name":"Madeleine J. Bunders","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9538-9500","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9538-9500"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137251492","display_name":"Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV)","ror":"https://ror.org/02r2q1d96","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137251492","https://openalex.org/I315704651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108711","display_name":"University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf","ror":"https://ror.org/01zgy1s35","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Madeleine J Bunders","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology , Hamburg , Germany","III Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology , Hamburg , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137251492"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"III Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042817775","display_name":"Marcus A. Altfeld","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5972-2997","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5972-2997"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137251492","display_name":"Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV)","ror":"https://ror.org/02r2q1d96","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137251492","https://openalex.org/I315704651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115305","display_name":"German Center for Infection Research","ror":"https://ror.org/028s4q594","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115305","https://openalex.org/I4405256427"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcus Altfeld","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology , Hamburg , Germany","German Center for Infection Disease (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-L\u00fcbeck-Borstel-Riems , Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology , Hamburg , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137251492"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Center for Infection Disease (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-L\u00fcbeck-Borstel-Riems , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115305"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040954811","display_name":"Thumbi Ndung\u2019u","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2962-3992","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2962-3992"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802422659","display_name":"Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard","ror":"https://ror.org/053r20n13","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2802422659","https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127310","display_name":"Africa Health Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/034m6ke32","country_code":"ZA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127310","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["GB","US","ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thumbi Ndung\u2019u","raw_affiliation_strings":["Africa Health Research Institute , Durban , South Africa","Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London , London , United Kingdom","HIV Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban , South Africa","Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts , USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2962-3992","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Africa Health Research Institute , Durban , South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127310"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London , London , United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"HIV Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban , South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802422659"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040954811"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802422659","https://openalex.org/I4210127310","https://openalex.org/I45129253","https://openalex.org/I95023434"],"apc_list":{"value":4536,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4536},"apc_paid":{"value":4536,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4536},"fwci":1.398,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81363425,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"229","issue":"3","first_page":"753","last_page":"762"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10112","display_name":"HIV Research and Treatment","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10112","display_name":"HIV Research and Treatment","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11655","display_name":"HIV-related health complications and treatments","score":0.005900000222027302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-antiretroviral-therapy-initiation","display_name":"early antiretroviral therapy initiation","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-1-subtype-c","display_name":"HIV-1 subtype C","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunometabolism","display_name":"immunometabolism","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-hiv-1-infection","display_name":"chronic HIV-1 infection","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glucose-uptake","display_name":"glucose uptake","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mitochondrial-mass","display_name":"mitochondrial mass","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t-cell-exhaustion","display_name":"T cell exhaustion","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pd-1-expression","display_name":"PD-1 expression","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interleukin-2","display_name":"interleukin-2","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tnf-alpha","display_name":"TNF-\u03b1","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/effector-memory-t-cells","display_name":"effector memory T cells","score":0.7879999876022339}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.6584196090698242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779341262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182581","display_name":"Immunity","level":3,"score":0.5664495229721069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.563774585723877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993143319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583050","display_name":"Antiretroviral therapy","level":4,"score":0.5192015767097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777607303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641307","display_name":"Immunodeficiency","level":3,"score":0.5138145089149475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776185481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1425304","display_name":"Viremia","level":3,"score":0.4809788465499878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4802008867263794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776090121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193529","display_name":"T cell","level":3,"score":0.46795642375946045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17991360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21173843","display_name":"Tumor necrosis factor alpha","level":2,"score":0.42695823311805725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.38083022832870483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.37114375829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142462285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2528140","display_name":"Viral load","level":3,"score":0.3622894287109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.33244481682777405}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D005947","descriptor_name":"Glucose","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015496","descriptor_name":"CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015497","descriptor_name":"HIV-1","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D044966","descriptor_name":"Anti-Retroviral Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044966","descriptor_name":"Anti-Retroviral Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/infdis/jiad432","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad432","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad432","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jid/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/infdis/jiad432/51927842/jiad432.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S54542293","display_name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","issn_l":"0022-1899","issn":["0022-1899","1537-6613"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10938216","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10938216","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10938216/pdf/jiad432.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Infect Dis","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:37804102","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37804102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of infectious diseases","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10181013","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10181013/","pdf_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10181013/1/jiad432.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases , Article jiad432. (2023) (In press).","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/infdis/jiad432","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad432","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad432","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jid/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/infdis/jiad432/51927842/jiad432.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S54542293","display_name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","issn_l":"0022-1899","issn":["0022-1899","1537-6613"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2266748927","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UKZNRSA1001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306138","funder_display_name":"International AIDS Vaccine Initiative"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4587098007","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"OPP1212883","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306137","funder_display_name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7835806756","display_name":"Africa Health Research Institute NPC - to provide support for innovative projects in HIV and TB prevention by an African-led consortium","funder_award_id":"INV-033558","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306137","funder_display_name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G862875019","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BU 3630/2-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G869817220","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"00406","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308573","funder_display_name":"Gilead Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306137","display_name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0456r8d26"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306138","display_name":"International AIDS Vaccine Initiative","ror":"https://ror.org/05ayv2203"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308573","display_name":"Gilead Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/056546b03"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387420873.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387420873.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1492161184","https://openalex.org/W1518650270","https://openalex.org/W1970662865","https://openalex.org/W1978436252","https://openalex.org/W2003344713","https://openalex.org/W2005006791","https://openalex.org/W2014177895","https://openalex.org/W2024410915","https://openalex.org/W2028321471","https://openalex.org/W2042060010","https://openalex.org/W2087450881","https://openalex.org/W2095050873","https://openalex.org/W2103065132","https://openalex.org/W2478467838","https://openalex.org/W2736013735","https://openalex.org/W2753742841","https://openalex.org/W2756977471","https://openalex.org/W2765913531","https://openalex.org/W2805022017","https://openalex.org/W2890958082","https://openalex.org/W2891551984","https://openalex.org/W2905084973","https://openalex.org/W2949454532","https://openalex.org/W3016662185","https://openalex.org/W3030165656","https://openalex.org/W3047004407","https://openalex.org/W3090177509","https://openalex.org/W3091120769","https://openalex.org/W3163736352","https://openalex.org/W3173973911","https://openalex.org/W3184752195","https://openalex.org/W3187955059","https://openalex.org/W3198331993","https://openalex.org/W4306888754","https://openalex.org/W4313825801"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4313384940","https://openalex.org/W2949454532","https://openalex.org/W6906284079","https://openalex.org/W4387504087","https://openalex.org/W2753742841","https://openalex.org/W7159688218","https://openalex.org/W4281867314","https://openalex.org/W4283824267","https://openalex.org/W2736013735","https://openalex.org/W4377140292"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Immune":[1],"dysfunction":[2,34],"often":[3],"persists":[4],"in":[5,151,175,193,205],"people":[6,70],"living":[7,71],"with":[8,72,120,157,171,187,209,220],"human":[9],"immunodeficiency":[10],"virus":[11],"(HIV)":[12],"who":[13,74],"are":[14],"on":[15,58],"antiretroviral":[16],"therapy":[17],"(ART),":[18],"clinically":[19],"manifesting":[20],"as":[21],"HIV-1-associated":[22,32],"comorbid":[23,36],"conditions.":[24,37],"Early":[25],"ART":[26,56,76,129,149,184,191,203],"initiation":[27,57,150,192,204],"may":[28],"reduce":[29],"incidence":[30],"of":[31,43,50,55,98,128,134,199,213],"immune":[33,96],"and":[35,53,63,95,104,112,117,147,159,185,224],"Immunometabolism":[38],"is":[39],"a":[40],"critical":[41],"determinant":[42],"functional":[44],"immunity.":[45],"We":[46],"investigated":[47],"the":[48,93],"effect":[49],"HIV-1":[51,79,87],"infection":[52,80,88],"timing":[54],"CD4+":[59,99,121,138,165,178,200,214],"T":[60,100,122,139,166,179,201,215],"cell":[61,123],"metabolism":[62],"function.":[64],"METHODS:":[65],"Longitudinal":[66],"blood":[67],"samples":[68],"from":[69],"HIV":[73],"initiated":[75],"during":[77,130],"hyperacute":[78],"(HHI;":[81],"before":[82,146],"peak":[83],"viremia)":[84],"or":[85],"chronic":[86],"(CHI)":[89],"were":[90,107,118],"assessed":[91],"for":[92],"metabolic":[94,197],"functions":[97,223],"cells.":[101,167,202],"Metabolite":[102],"uptake":[103,136,143,154],"mitochondrial":[105,173],"mass":[106,174],"measured":[108],"using":[109],"fluorescent":[110],"analogues":[111],"MitoTracker":[113],"Green":[114],"accumulation,":[115],"respectively,":[116],"correlated":[119,156,186],"effector":[124,176],"functions.":[125],"RESULTS:":[126],"Initiation":[127],"HHI":[131,194],"prevented":[132,196],"dysregulation":[133],"glucose":[135,142],"by":[137,164],"cells,":[140,216],"but":[141],"was":[144,169,207,218],"reduced":[145],"after":[148,183],"CHI.":[152],"Glucose":[153],"positively":[155],"interleukin-2":[158],"tumor":[160],"necrosis":[161],"factor-\u03b1":[162],"production":[163],"CHI":[168,206],"associated":[170,208,219],"elevated":[172],"memory":[177],"cells":[180],"that":[181],"persisted":[182],"PD-1":[188],"expression.":[189],"CONCLUSIONS:":[190],"largely":[195],"impairment":[198],"persistently":[210],"dysregulated":[211],"immunometabolism":[212],"which":[217],"impaired":[221],"cellular":[222],"exhaustion.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2023-10-08T00:00:00"}