{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387368802","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/1345_2023_225","title":"A Comparison of Pointwise and Levelling Assisted Regional Realisations of IHRS with a Case Study over Sweden","display_name":"A Comparison of Pointwise and Levelling Assisted Regional Realisations of IHRS with a Case Study over Sweden","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387368802","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/1345_2023_225"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/1345_2023_225","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/1345_2023_225","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/1345_2023_225","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/1345_2023_225.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210233367","display_name":"International Association of Geodesy symposia","issn_l":"0939-9585","issn":["0939-9585","2197-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Association of Geodesy Symposia","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400954053","display_name":"Gravity, Positioning and Reference Frames"},"type":"book-chapter","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/1345_2023_225.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034532236","display_name":"Anders Alfredsson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0040-3343","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0040-3343"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096968","display_name":"Lantm\u00e4teriet","ror":"https://ror.org/00skbbq95","country_code":"SE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096968"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141702","display_name":"University of G\u00e4vle","ror":"https://ror.org/043fje207","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141702"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anders Alfredsson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geodetic Infrastructure, Geodata Division, Lantm\u00e4teriet, G\u00e4vle, Sweden","Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, University of G\u00e4vle, G\u00e4vle, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geodetic Infrastructure, Geodata Division, Lantm\u00e4teriet, G\u00e4vle, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096968"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, University of G\u00e4vle, G\u00e4vle, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141702"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004647087","display_name":"Jonas \u00c5gren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0602-142X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0602-142X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096968","display_name":"Lantm\u00e4teriet","ror":"https://ror.org/00skbbq95","country_code":"SE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096968"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141702","display_name":"University of G\u00e4vle","ror":"https://ror.org/043fje207","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141702"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonas \u00c5gren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geodetic Infrastructure, Geodata Division, Lantm\u00e4teriet, G\u00e4vle, Sweden","Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, University of G\u00e4vle, G\u00e4vle, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geodetic Infrastructure, Geodata Division, Lantm\u00e4teriet, G\u00e4vle, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096968"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, University of G\u00e4vle, G\u00e4vle, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141702"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085096226","display_name":"Per-Anders Olsson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096968","display_name":"Lantm\u00e4teriet","ror":"https://ror.org/00skbbq95","country_code":"SE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096968"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Per-Anders Olsson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geodetic Infrastructure, Geodata Division, Lantm\u00e4teriet, G\u00e4vle, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geodetic Infrastructure, Geodata Division, Lantm\u00e4teriet, G\u00e4vle, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096968"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034532236"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096968","https://openalex.org/I4210141702"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9696,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82372692,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.586899995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.586899995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.36550000309944153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13511","display_name":"Geodetic Measurements and Engineering Structures","score":0.032600000500679016,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-height-reference-system","display_name":"International Height Reference System","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precise-leveling","display_name":"precise leveling","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/least-squares-adjustment","display_name":"least squares adjustment","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quasigeoid","display_name":"quasigeoid","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sweden","display_name":"Sweden","score":0.675000011920929}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100260852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q961466","display_name":"Levelling","level":2,"score":0.9707131385803223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777984123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9248237","display_name":"Pointwise","level":2,"score":0.8380661010742188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.7388619780540466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.6276127099990845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102451475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486250","display_name":"GLONASS","level":4,"score":0.5397416353225708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80989030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185969","display_name":"Geoid","level":3,"score":0.5089635848999023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.43893975019454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.42233431339263916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.31104928255081177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2585672438144684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.22140824794769287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18764081597328186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.10113632678985596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.10083025693893433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113346285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804193","display_name":"Measured depth","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/1345_2023_225","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/1345_2023_225","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/1345_2023_225","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/1345_2023_225.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210233367","display_name":"International Association of Geodesy symposia","issn_l":"0939-9585","issn":["0939-9585","2197-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Association of Geodesy Symposia","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/1345_2023_225","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/1345_2023_225","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/1345_2023_225","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/1345_2023_225.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210233367","display_name":"International Association of Geodesy symposia","issn_l":"0939-9585","issn":["0939-9585","2197-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Association of Geodesy Symposia","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387368802.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387368802.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1507587255","https://openalex.org/W1547669723","https://openalex.org/W1810381590","https://openalex.org/W2028972906","https://openalex.org/W2308146030","https://openalex.org/W2333247566","https://openalex.org/W2406143736","https://openalex.org/W2526613503","https://openalex.org/W2594228992","https://openalex.org/W2964212651","https://openalex.org/W3034655005","https://openalex.org/W3130975274","https://openalex.org/W4249448899","https://openalex.org/W4312407536","https://openalex.org/W4403616903","https://openalex.org/W6903707040","https://openalex.org/W6922514749","https://openalex.org/W6940910436"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4413211055","https://openalex.org/W7014860513","https://openalex.org/W4415471660","https://openalex.org/W4386888160","https://openalex.org/W3130975274","https://openalex.org/W2750330151","https://openalex.org/W2916555977","https://openalex.org/W2746640327","https://openalex.org/W4400493184","https://openalex.org/W6936192411"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,18,100,187],"International":[2,11,20],"Height":[3,21],"Reference":[4,22],"System":[5],"(IHRS)":[6],"was":[7],"defined":[8],"by":[9,104],"the":[10,29,110,120,127,151,171,180,184,195,201,206],"Association":[12],"of":[13,62,96,109,130,134,162,174,183,199],"Geodesy":[14],"(IAG)":[15],"in":[16,31,64,124],"2015.":[17],"global":[19,121],"Frame":[23],"(IHRF)":[24],"should":[25],"provide":[26,36],"access":[27],"to":[28,56,157],"IHRS":[30,63],"a":[32,58,66,76,80,131,141,159],"broad":[33],"sense.":[34],"To":[35],"high":[37,67],"accuracy":[38,68],"local":[39],"access,":[40],"regional":[41,60],"(or":[42],"national)":[43],"realisations":[44],"will":[45],"also":[46],"be":[47],"needed.":[48],"This":[49],"study":[50,78],"aims":[51],"at":[52,165],"evaluating":[53],"different":[54],"approaches":[55],"compute":[57],"denser":[59],"realisation":[61,90],"case":[65,77],"levelling":[69,97,112,175,192,198],"network":[70],"is":[71,91,137,149,155,176,189],"available.":[72],"Using":[73],"Sweden":[74,125],"as":[75],"region,":[79],"GNSS":[81],"(Global":[82],"Navigation":[83],"Satellite":[84],"System)":[85],"and":[86,205],"geoid":[87],"based":[88],"pointwise":[89,128,163,185],"compared":[92],"with":[93,114,145],"three":[94],"types":[95],"assisted":[98],"realisations.":[99],"latter":[101],"are":[102],"made":[103,190],"applying":[105],"least":[106],"squares":[107],"adjustments":[108],"precise":[111,197],"observations":[113],"fixed":[115,148],"potential":[116],"value(s)":[117],"from":[118,194],"either":[119],"IHRF":[122],"station":[123,147],"or":[126],"potentials":[129],"larger":[132],"number":[133,161],"stations.":[135],"It":[136,154],"concluded":[138],"that":[139],"making":[140],"minimum":[142],"constraint":[143],"adjustment":[144],"one":[146],"not":[150],"best":[152],"option.":[153],"favourable":[156],"fix":[158],"reasonable":[160],"stations":[164],"an":[166],"internal":[167],"distance":[168],"over":[169],"which":[170],"relative":[172,181],"uncertainty":[173,182],"significantly":[177],"lower":[178],"than":[179],"solution.":[186],"investigation":[188],"using":[191],"data":[193],"third":[196],"Sweden,":[200],"NKG2015":[202],"quasigeoid":[203],"model":[204],"NKG2016LU":[207],"postglacial":[208],"land":[209],"uplift":[210],"model.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2023-10-06T00:00:00"}
