{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387063733","doi":"https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.2023.140024.1451","title":"Heat Transfer Coefficients in Air-Solid Fluidized Bed Using Vertical Heating Element","display_name":"Heat Transfer Coefficients in Air-Solid Fluidized Bed Using Vertical Heating Element","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387063733","doi":"https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.2023.140024.1451"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.30684/etj.2023.140024.1451","doi":"https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.2023.140024.1451","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.2023.140024.1451","pdf_url":"https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_180698_7cd77fdd8d68268372b7847bd695bb0c.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202959","display_name":"Engineering and Technology Journal","issn_l":"1681-6900","issn":["1681-6900","2412-0758"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319165","host_organization_name":"University of Technology, Iraq","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319165"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Technology, Iraq"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Engineering and Technology Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_180698_7cd77fdd8d68268372b7847bd695bb0c.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092947075","display_name":"Fadhil Faraj","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171256487","display_name":"University of Technology - Iraq","ror":"https://ror.org/01w1ehb86","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171256487"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fadhil Faraj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chemical Engineering Dept., University of Technology-Iraq, Alsina\u2019a Street, 10066 Baghdad, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemical Engineering Dept., University of Technology-Iraq, Alsina\u2019a Street, 10066 Baghdad, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171256487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077733247","display_name":"Jamal Manee Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6086-2679","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6086-2679"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171256487","display_name":"University of Technology - Iraq","ror":"https://ror.org/01w1ehb86","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171256487"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jamal Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chemical Engineering Dept., University of Technology-Iraq, Alsina\u2019a Street, 10066 Baghdad, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemical Engineering Dept., University of Technology-Iraq, Alsina\u2019a Street, 10066 Baghdad, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171256487"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065134820","display_name":"Sarmad T. Najim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9836-2728","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9836-2728"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56409017","display_name":"Nahrain University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v2p9075","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56409017"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarmad Najim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chemical Engineering Dept., University of Al-Nahrain, Baghdad, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemical Engineering Dept., University of Al-Nahrain, Baghdad, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56409017"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"9","first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10615","display_name":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10615","display_name":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12063","display_name":"Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Media","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10864","display_name":"Fluid Dynamics and Mixing","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gas-fluidized-beds","display_name":"gas-solid fluidized bed","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-transfer-coefficient","display_name":"heat transfer coefficient","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-heating","display_name":"internal heating","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glass-beads","display_name":"glass beads","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/superficial-gas-velocity","display_name":"superficial gas velocity","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bed-temperature","display_name":"bed temperature","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-transfer-modeling","display_name":"heat transfer modeling","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-size-effects","display_name":"particle size effects","score":0.5690000057220459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2084832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2666694","display_name":"Fluidized bed","level":2,"score":0.77245032787323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194832619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1002145","display_name":"Fluidization","level":3,"score":0.7660089731216431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50517652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179635","display_name":"Heat transfer","level":2,"score":0.6354212760925293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5934931039810181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29700514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634340","display_name":"Heat transfer coefficient","level":3,"score":0.5405847430229187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.520447313785553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780934780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7542251","display_name":"Slugging","level":3,"score":0.4978184700012207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.44587236642837524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778517922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140482","display_name":"Particle (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.43466493487358093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107706546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189124","display_name":"Heat exchanger","level":2,"score":0.4319513142108917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.32501280307769775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.14190533757209778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.30684/etj.2023.140024.1451","doi":"https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.2023.140024.1451","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.2023.140024.1451","pdf_url":"https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_180698_7cd77fdd8d68268372b7847bd695bb0c.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202959","display_name":"Engineering and Technology Journal","issn_l":"1681-6900","issn":["1681-6900","2412-0758"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319165","host_organization_name":"University of Technology, Iraq","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319165"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Technology, Iraq"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Engineering and Technology Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:493bf6649d16445c9f450ad265ce2fcd","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/493bf6649d16445c9f450ad265ce2fcd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Engineering and Technology Journal, Vol 41, Iss 9, Pp 1193-1203 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.30684/etj.2023.140024.1451","doi":"https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.2023.140024.1451","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.2023.140024.1451","pdf_url":"https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_180698_7cd77fdd8d68268372b7847bd695bb0c.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202959","display_name":"Engineering and Technology Journal","issn_l":"1681-6900","issn":["1681-6900","2412-0758"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319165","host_organization_name":"University of Technology, Iraq","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319165"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Technology, Iraq"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Engineering and Technology Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5690000057220459,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387063733.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387063733.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1986984179","https://openalex.org/W2027197072","https://openalex.org/W2054805067","https://openalex.org/W2089839234","https://openalex.org/W2164645045","https://openalex.org/W2315254932","https://openalex.org/W2317051169","https://openalex.org/W2333413506","https://openalex.org/W2496933785","https://openalex.org/W2560176478","https://openalex.org/W2566965524","https://openalex.org/W2782645963","https://openalex.org/W2791977597","https://openalex.org/W2890464306","https://openalex.org/W2912029657","https://openalex.org/W2941793053","https://openalex.org/W2942801990","https://openalex.org/W3008666899","https://openalex.org/W3109099556"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7203494346","https://openalex.org/W2183560716","https://openalex.org/W2086124034","https://openalex.org/W1603393130","https://openalex.org/W2028250077","https://openalex.org/W3109099556","https://openalex.org/W7056456241","https://openalex.org/W1998160082","https://openalex.org/W4398237143","https://openalex.org/W2081743052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"various":[1],"chemical":[2],"industrial":[3,33],"applications":[4],"such":[5,58],"as":[6,59],"hydrocracking,":[7],"drying,":[8],"and":[9,28,64,98,112,146,159,209],"Fischer-Tropsch,":[10],"the":[11,69,76,148,153,156,206,210,214,218],"utilization":[12],"of":[13,45,71,78,96,109,116,155],"fluidized":[14,36,86,194],"bed":[15,44,195,198],"systems":[16],"is":[17,22],"prevalent.":[18],"Efficient":[19],"heat":[20,54,82,149,161,186],"transfer":[21,83,150,162,187],"crucial":[23],"for":[24],"maintaining":[25],"stable":[26],"temperatures":[27,145],"ensuring":[29],"product":[30],"quality":[31],"in":[32,84,191],"processes.":[34],"Gas-solid":[35],"beds,":[37,87],"which":[38],"involve":[39],"gas":[40,62,130,166],"circulation":[41],"through":[42],"a":[43,49,113,176,192,201],"solid":[46],"particles,":[47],"offer":[48],"means":[50],"to":[51,135,143,175,180,212],"achieve":[52],"efficient":[53],"exchange.":[55],"However,":[56],"factors":[57],"particle":[60],"size,":[61],"velocity,":[63],"heating":[65,80,157],"methods":[66],"can":[67],"influence":[68],"effectiveness":[70],"these":[72,122],"systems.":[73],"To":[74],"investigate":[75],"impact":[77],"internal":[79],"on":[81],"gas-solid":[85,193],"an":[88,106],"experimental":[89,171,207],"study":[90],"was":[91,119,189,203],"conducted":[92],"using":[93],"glass":[94],"beads":[95],"200":[97],"600":[99],"\u03bcm.":[100],"A":[101],"Perspex":[102],"fluidization":[103],"column":[104],"with":[105,121,224],"inner":[107],"diameter":[108],"10":[110],"cm":[111],"total":[114,185],"height":[115],"2":[117],"m":[118],"packed":[120],"beads.":[123],"The":[124,170,184],"experiments":[125],"were":[126,141,168,173,221],"performed":[127],"under":[128],"superficial":[129],"velocities":[131,167],"ranging":[132],"from":[133],"0.1":[134],"0.5":[136],"m/s.":[137],"Highly":[138],"responsive":[139],"sensors":[140],"employed":[142],"measure":[144],"calculate":[147],"coefficient.":[151],"Additionally,":[152],"position":[154],"element":[158],"local":[160],"coefficients":[163],"at":[164,196],"different":[165,197],"examined.":[169],"results":[172,208,220],"compared":[174,223],"mathematical":[177],"model":[178,211],"developed":[179],"simulate":[181],"laboratory":[182],"findings.":[183],"coefficient":[188],"evaluated":[190],"temperatures.":[199],"Furthermore,":[200],"comparison":[202],"made":[204],"between":[205],"validate":[213],"practical":[215,219],"application,":[216],"while":[217],"also":[222],"previous":[225],"studies.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2023-09-27T00:00:00"}