{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386975869","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20265","title":"The complexity of financial development and economic growth nexus in Syria: A nonlinear modelling approach with artificial neural networks and NARDL model","display_name":"The complexity of financial development and economic growth nexus in Syria: A nonlinear modelling approach with artificial neural networks and NARDL model","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386975869","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20265","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37767485","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10520322"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20265","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20265","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20265","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898612692","display_name":"Heliyon","issn_l":"2405-8440","issn":["2405-8440"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Heliyon","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20265","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076069009","display_name":"Abdullah Mohammad Ghazi Al khatib","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1352-2348","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1352-2348"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I875646752","display_name":"Damascus University","ror":"https://ror.org/03m098d13","country_code":"SY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I875646752"]}],"countries":["SY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abdullah Mohammad Ghazi Al khatib","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Banking and Insurance, Faculty of Economics, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1352-2348","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Banking and Insurance, Faculty of Economics, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I875646752"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076069009"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I875646752"],"apc_list":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"apc_paid":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"fwci":5.5303,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95772782,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"10","first_page":"e20265","last_page":"e20265"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10007","display_name":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10007","display_name":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13867","display_name":"Economic Growth and Development","score":0.002199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10438","display_name":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-development","display_name":"financial development","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"economic growth","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance-growth-nexus","display_name":"finance-growth nexus","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-causality","display_name":"nonlinear causality","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asymmetric-effects","display_name":"asymmetric effects","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance-led-growth","display_name":"finance-led growth","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syria","display_name":"Syria","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nardl-model","display_name":"NARDL model","score":0.843999981880188}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148609458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7021281","display_name":"Nexus (standard)","level":2,"score":0.8315893411636353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.7267849445343018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.6672355532646179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.41448312997817993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3939131498336792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.37812334299087524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3131255507469177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1070793867111206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20265","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20265","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20265","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898612692","display_name":"Heliyon","issn_l":"2405-8440","issn":["2405-8440"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Heliyon","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.4435148","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4435148","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4435148","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10520322","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10520322","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10520322/pdf/main.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Heliyon","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:37767485","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37767485","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Heliyon","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:40c20b7184b5448cabd778f84f3ae92b","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/40c20b7184b5448cabd778f84f3ae92b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Heliyon, Vol 9, Iss 10, Pp e20265- (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20265","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20265","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20265","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898612692","display_name":"Heliyon","issn_l":"2405-8440","issn":["2405-8440"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Heliyon","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.5,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6922876964","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"501100020595","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330988","funder_display_name":"Damascus University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330988","display_name":"Damascus University","ror":"https://ror.org/03m098d13"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":80,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W650025864","https://openalex.org/W953353200","https://openalex.org/W1208463947","https://openalex.org/W1514296636","https://openalex.org/W1531653575","https://openalex.org/W1554253427","https://openalex.org/W1571142392","https://openalex.org/W1714264005","https://openalex.org/W1939526929","https://openalex.org/W1939869607","https://openalex.org/W1966910378","https://openalex.org/W1967043652","https://openalex.org/W1968264064","https://openalex.org/W1979575715","https://openalex.org/W1981556237","https://openalex.org/W2011755079","https://openalex.org/W2013383141","https://openalex.org/W2018944810","https://openalex.org/W2032703416","https://openalex.org/W2039882728","https://openalex.org/W2055686677","https://openalex.org/W2065691091","https://openalex.org/W2065747393","https://openalex.org/W2073695942","https://openalex.org/W2084978231","https://openalex.org/W2097344205","https://openalex.org/W2099268311","https://openalex.org/W2100987498","https://openalex.org/W2115479963","https://openalex.org/W2115895865","https://openalex.org/W2129431531","https://openalex.org/W2129940947","https://openalex.org/W2130302159","https://openalex.org/W2164911315","https://openalex.org/W2202359138","https://openalex.org/W2497736255","https://openalex.org/W2583212480","https://openalex.org/W2590513928","https://openalex.org/W2607157148","https://openalex.org/W2790403529","https://openalex.org/W2890195771","https://openalex.org/W2900338175","https://openalex.org/W2913647692","https://openalex.org/W2945325580","https://openalex.org/W2953637311","https://openalex.org/W2955623872","https://openalex.org/W2981635018","https://openalex.org/W2998918445","https://openalex.org/W3004743265","https://openalex.org/W3037734544","https://openalex.org/W3048881861","https://openalex.org/W3092070673","https://openalex.org/W3118149923","https://openalex.org/W3121563930","https://openalex.org/W3122363154","https://openalex.org/W3122790390","https://openalex.org/W3122812532","https://openalex.org/W3125298939","https://openalex.org/W3151565105","https://openalex.org/W3153789548","https://openalex.org/W3171042472","https://openalex.org/W3202381772","https://openalex.org/W3207986020","https://openalex.org/W4205503096","https://openalex.org/W4206813530","https://openalex.org/W4223630187","https://openalex.org/W4238186231","https://openalex.org/W4280560916","https://openalex.org/W4286275458","https://openalex.org/W4289884898","https://openalex.org/W4306160260","https://openalex.org/W4308277381","https://openalex.org/W4310209535","https://openalex.org/W4312186802","https://openalex.org/W4318617328","https://openalex.org/W4319841182","https://openalex.org/W4320077472","https://openalex.org/W4323928817","https://openalex.org/W4362557300","https://openalex.org/W6674510371"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4318617328","https://openalex.org/W3151565105","https://openalex.org/W6981837216","https://openalex.org/W4406129884","https://openalex.org/W4390170002","https://openalex.org/W2104719896","https://openalex.org/W4286275458","https://openalex.org/W3199545549","https://openalex.org/W7166740156","https://openalex.org/W2087636096"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,50,78,101,125,151,171,275],"main":[1],"objective":[2],"is":[3,115,133,203,219,255,292],"to":[4,58,98,122,135,177,190,294,297,309],"examine":[5],"the":[6,18,23,29,37,45,54,62,85,92,95,110,137,142,195,207,211,222,241,247,266],"complex":[7],"relationship":[8,93,157,162,196,212,248],"between":[9,94,163,197,213,249],"financial":[10,65,164,178,198,214,225,236,250,298,310],"development":[11,66,165,179,199,215,226,251,299,311],"and":[12,44,67,90,147,158,166,183,200,216,252,264,300,312],"economic":[13,68,167,187,201,217,228,253,273,313],"growth":[14,69,168,188,202,218,229,254],"in":[15,169,244,282],"Syria":[16],"for":[17,74,280],"period":[19],"of":[20,61,224,235],"1980-2018,":[21],"using":[22,33,105],"Artificial":[24,34,79,106],"Neural":[25,35,80,107],"Network":[26,81],"VAR":[27,82],"model,":[28],"Non-Linear":[30,102,117],"Causality":[31,103],"test":[32,104],"Networks,":[36],"Nonlinear":[38],"Autoregressive":[39],"Distributed":[40],"Lag":[41],"(NARDL)":[42],"model":[43,83,132,139],"Cumulative":[46],"Dynamic":[47],"Multiplier":[48],"(CDM).":[49],"findings":[51,239],"show":[52],"that":[53,113,174,194,210,246,268,291],"linear":[55],"trend":[56],"fails":[57],"capture":[59],"most":[60],"data":[63,111],"on":[64,109,141,186,227,287],"variables,":[70],"indicating":[71,193],"a":[72,116,154,159,181,302],"need":[73],"nonlinear":[75],"modelling":[76],"techniques.":[77],"predicted":[84],"production":[86],"variable":[87],"after":[88],"training":[89],"proved":[91],"two":[96],"variables":[97],"be":[99,136],"Non-Linear.":[100,256],"Networks":[108],"indicated":[112],"there":[114],"causality":[118],"from":[119],"Financial":[120],"Development":[121],"Economic":[123],"Growth.":[124],"NARDL":[126],"(1,":[127],"1,":[128,130],"0,":[129],"1)":[131],"found":[134],"best":[138],"based":[140],"Akaike":[143],"information":[144],"criterion":[145],"(AIC)":[146],"various":[148],"diagnostic":[149],"tests.":[150],"results":[152],"suggest":[153],"long-term":[155,303],"equilibrium":[156],"short-term":[160],"dynamic":[161],"Syria.":[170],"study":[172],"finds":[173],"positive":[175,295],"shocks":[176,296],"have":[180],"greater":[182],"longer-lasting":[184],"impact":[185],"compared":[189],"negative":[191],"shocks,":[192],"not":[204,230],"symmetrical.":[205],"Additionally,":[206],"research":[208,276],"reveals":[209],"Non-Linear,":[220],"with":[221],"effect":[223],"constant":[231],"across":[232],"different":[233],"levels":[234],"development.":[237],"These":[238],"support":[240],"lately":[242],"studies":[243],"Finance":[245,260],"Also,":[257],"it":[258],"supports":[259],"Led":[261],"Growth":[262],"Theory":[263],"contradict":[265],"hypothesis":[267],"\"too":[269],"much":[270],"finance":[271],"harms":[272],"growth.\"":[274],"provides":[277],"important":[278],"implications":[279],"policymakers":[281],"Syria,":[283],"who":[284],"should":[285],"focus":[286],"creating":[288],"an":[289],"environment":[290],"conducive":[293],"taking":[301],"perspective":[304],"when":[305],"developing":[306],"policies":[307],"related":[308],"growth.":[314]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2023-09-23T00:00:00"}
