{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386973902","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2023.3314031","title":"RadarFormer: End-to-End Human Perception With Through-Wall Radar and Transformers","display_name":"RadarFormer: End-to-End Human Perception With Through-Wall Radar and Transformers","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386973902","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2023.3314031","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37738194"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2023.3314031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2023.3314031","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2023.3314031","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031881561","display_name":"Zhijie Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8849-4997","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8849-4997"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhijie Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation and Detection Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Aerospace Information Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation and Detection Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","School of Electronic, Electrical, and Communication Engineering, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8849-4997","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation and Detection Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation and Detection Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic, Electrical, and Communication Engineering, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075844874","display_name":"Diankun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2004-0897","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2004-0897"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diankun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation and Detection Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Aerospace Information Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation and Detection Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","School of Electronic, Electrical, and Communication Engineering, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation and Detection Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation and Detection Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic, Electrical, and Communication Engineering, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026160800","display_name":"Xiao Yan Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0206-203X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0206-203X","https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3235-4179"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation and Detection Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Aerospace Information Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation and Detection Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","School of Electronic, Electrical, and Communication Engineering, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation and Detection Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation and Detection Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic, Electrical, and Communication Engineering, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100412721","display_name":"Xiaojun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3399-3486","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3399-3486"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation and Detection Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Aerospace Information Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation and Detection Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","School of Electronic, Electrical, and Communication Engineering, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation and Detection Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation and Detection Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic, Electrical, and Communication Engineering, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031785556","display_name":"Guangyou Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7443-0850","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7443-0850"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangyou Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation and Detection Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Aerospace Information Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation and Detection Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","School of Electronic, Electrical, and Communication Engineering, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation and Detection Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation and Detection Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic, Electrical, and Communication Engineering, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2345,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2345},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4517,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95961071,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"12","first_page":"18285","last_page":"18299"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.6137999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.6137999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.17399999499320984,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.1177000030875206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/through-the-wall-radar","display_name":"through-wall radar","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-perception","display_name":"human perception","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-attention","display_name":"self-attention","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"transformer models","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-echo","display_name":"radar echo","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pose-estimation","display_name":"pose estimation","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/activity-recognition","display_name":"activity recognition","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occlusion","display_name":"occlusion","score":0.3540000021457672}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.7775238752365112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7118972539901733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.5707398056983948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5653139352798462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5340489149093628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5049639344215393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59584813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029234","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","level":4,"score":0.47978049516677856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134406370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832005","display_name":"Radar engineering details","level":4,"score":0.4602052569389343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.457538366317749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185565061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6878284","display_name":"Radar lock-on","level":5,"score":0.4532833695411682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.4229833483695984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3216782808303833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22034183144569397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1690252721309662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11147591471672058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2023.3314031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2023.3314031","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2023.3314031","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37738194","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37738194","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6586580113","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFF0107702","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327563","funder_display_name":"Major State Basic Research Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G694876132","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61827803","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327563","display_name":"Major State Basic Research Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2016549506","https://openalex.org/W2130824187","https://openalex.org/W2150383969","https://openalex.org/W2160521618","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2559085405","https://openalex.org/W2563203978","https://openalex.org/W2626778328","https://openalex.org/W2799062425","https://openalex.org/W2805516822","https://openalex.org/W2827033964","https://openalex.org/W2842286043","https://openalex.org/W2884367402","https://openalex.org/W2908510526","https://openalex.org/W2908802752","https://openalex.org/W2942467756","https://openalex.org/W2963691377","https://openalex.org/W2967325404","https://openalex.org/W2979856235","https://openalex.org/W2981356320","https://openalex.org/W2989226908","https://openalex.org/W2990165697","https://openalex.org/W2990640172","https://openalex.org/W2996695408","https://openalex.org/W2997932427","https://openalex.org/W3000322757","https://openalex.org/W3010205642","https://openalex.org/W3021587713","https://openalex.org/W3021789920","https://openalex.org/W3022863497","https://openalex.org/W3030520226","https://openalex.org/W3035216422","https://openalex.org/W3045471054","https://openalex.org/W3107949730","https://openalex.org/W3122500545","https://openalex.org/W3127131334","https://openalex.org/W3157875290","https://openalex.org/W3201215469","https://openalex.org/W4205209729","https://openalex.org/W4210553182","https://openalex.org/W4213253019","https://openalex.org/W4220777548","https://openalex.org/W4220890766","https://openalex.org/W4225324732","https://openalex.org/W4229082118","https://openalex.org/W4292793940","https://openalex.org/W4308085472","https://openalex.org/W4312831872","https://openalex.org/W4319778535"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7165021762","https://openalex.org/W4362564496","https://openalex.org/W4415798298","https://openalex.org/W4407097620","https://openalex.org/W4282045693","https://openalex.org/W4383108765","https://openalex.org/W4394593117","https://openalex.org/W4414140775","https://openalex.org/W4390190298","https://openalex.org/W4409095686"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0],"fine-grained":[1],"human":[2,79,153,162,186],"perception":[3,80,163,187],"tasks":[4,81],"such":[5],"as":[6,112,114],"pose":[7],"estimation":[8],"and":[9,22,36,56,91,158,180,183,192],"activity":[10],"recognition,":[11],"radar-based":[12,175],"sensors":[13],"show":[14],"advantages":[15],"over":[16],"optical":[17],"cameras":[18],"in":[19,41,178,190],"low-visibility,":[20],"privacy-aware,":[21],"wall-occlusive":[23],"environments.":[24,194],"Radar":[25],"transmits":[26],"radio":[27],"frequency":[28],"signals":[29],"to":[30,49,77,133],"irradiate":[31],"the":[32,38,42,51,58,68,73,88,106,119,140,145,173],"target":[33,39],"of":[34,148],"interest":[35],"store":[37],"information":[40],"echo":[43],"signals.":[44,136,150],"One":[45],"common":[46],"approach":[47],"is":[48,109,129],"transform":[50],"echoes":[52,104,157],"into":[53],"radar":[54,84,103,116,135,149,156],"images":[55,117],"extract":[57],"features":[59],"with":[60],"convolutional":[61,120],"neural":[62],"networks.":[63],"This":[64],"article":[65],"introduces":[66,72],"RadarFormer,":[67,127],"first":[69],"method":[70,171],"that":[71,101,169],"self-attention":[74],"(SA)":[75],"mechanism":[76,108,143],"perform":[78],"directly":[82],"from":[83,139,155],"echoes.":[85],"It":[86,137],"bypasses":[87],"imaging":[89],"algorithm":[90],"realizes":[92],"end-to-end":[93],"signal":[94],"processing.":[95],"Specifically,":[96],"we":[97,125],"give":[98],"constructive":[99],"proof":[100],"processing":[102,115],"using":[105,118],"SA":[107,142],"at":[110],"least":[111],"expressive":[113],"layer.":[121],"On":[122],"this":[123],"foundation,":[124],"design":[126],"which":[128],"a":[130],"Transformer-like":[131],"model":[132],"process":[134],"benefits":[138],"fast-/slow-time":[141],"considering":[144],"physical":[146],"characteristics":[147],"RadarFormer":[151],"extracts":[152],"representations":[154],"handles":[159],"various":[160],"downstream":[161],"tasks.":[164],"The":[165],"experimental":[166],"results":[167,188],"demonstrate":[168],"our":[170],"outperforms":[172],"state-of-the-art":[174],"methods":[176],"both":[177],"performance":[179],"computational":[181],"cost":[182],"obtains":[184],"accurate":[185],"even":[189],"dark":[191],"occlusive":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2023-09-23T00:00:00"}