{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386955840","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073761","title":"Dietary supplements to reduce symptom severity and duration in people with SARS-CoV-2: a double-blind randomised controlled trial","display_name":"Dietary supplements to reduce symptom severity and duration in people with SARS-CoV-2: a double-blind randomised controlled trial","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386955840","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073761","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37739466","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10533655"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073761","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073761","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073761","pdf_url":"https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/13/9/e073761.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79054089","display_name":"BMJ Open","issn_l":"2044-6055","issn":["2044-6055"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ Open","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/13/9/e073761.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057397030","display_name":"Dugald Seely","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4893-5254","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4893-5254"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149634359","display_name":"Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03pjwtr87","country_code":"CA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149634359"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388482656","display_name":"Ottawa Hospital Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05jtef216","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931","https://openalex.org/I2800722420","https://openalex.org/I4388482656"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dugald Seely","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada","Patterson Institute for Integrative Oncology Research, Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada","School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4893-5254","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388482656"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Patterson Institute for Integrative Oncology Research, Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149634359"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036662364","display_name":"Mark Legacy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4417-1656","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4417-1656"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149634359","display_name":"Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03pjwtr87","country_code":"CA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149634359"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388482656","display_name":"Ottawa Hospital Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05jtef216","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931","https://openalex.org/I2800722420","https://openalex.org/I4388482656"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Legacy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada","Patterson Institute for Integrative Oncology Research, Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4417-1656","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388482656"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Patterson Institute for Integrative Oncology Research, Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149634359"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077984064","display_name":"Ellen Conte","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1969-1118","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1969-1118"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149634359","display_name":"Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03pjwtr87","country_code":"CA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149634359"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ellen Conte","raw_affiliation_strings":["Patterson Institute for Integrative Oncology Research, Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Patterson Institute for Integrative Oncology Research, Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149634359"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092921849","display_name":"Caitlyn Keates","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149634359","display_name":"Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03pjwtr87","country_code":"CA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149634359"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caitlyn Keates","raw_affiliation_strings":["Patterson Institute for Integrative Oncology Research, Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Patterson Institute for Integrative Oncology Research, Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149634359"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033046023","display_name":"Athanasios Psihogios","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149634359","display_name":"Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03pjwtr87","country_code":"CA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149634359"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Athanasios Psihogios","raw_affiliation_strings":["Patterson Institute for Integrative Oncology Research, Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Patterson Institute for Integrative Oncology Research, Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149634359"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007444643","display_name":"Tim Ramsay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8478-8170","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8478-8170"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388482656","display_name":"Ottawa Hospital Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05jtef216","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931","https://openalex.org/I2800722420","https://openalex.org/I4388482656"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tim Ramsay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada","School of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8478-8170","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388482656"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065187538","display_name":"Dean A. Fergusson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3389-2485","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3389-2485"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388482656","display_name":"Ottawa Hospital Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05jtef216","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931","https://openalex.org/I2800722420","https://openalex.org/I4388482656"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dean A Fergusson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada","School of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3389-2485","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388482656"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036863426","display_name":"Salmaan Kanji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0594-0360","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0594-0360"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800722420","display_name":"Ottawa Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03c62dg59","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800722420"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388482656","display_name":"Ottawa Hospital Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05jtef216","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931","https://openalex.org/I2800722420","https://openalex.org/I4388482656"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salmaan Kanji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacy, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada","Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800722420"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388482656"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075029999","display_name":"John-Graydon Simmons","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4755-9453","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4755-9453"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388482656","display_name":"Ottawa Hospital Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05jtef216","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931","https://openalex.org/I2800722420","https://openalex.org/I4388482656"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John-Graydon Simmons","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada","Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388482656"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024911623","display_name":"Kumanan R Wilson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1741-7705","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1741-7705"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145570","display_name":"Bruy\u00e8re","ror":"https://ror.org/05bznkw77","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388482656","display_name":"Ottawa Hospital Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05jtef216","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931","https://openalex.org/I2800722420","https://openalex.org/I4388482656"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kumanan Wilson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bruy\u00e8re Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada","Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada","Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bruy\u00e8re Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388482656"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057397030"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149634359","https://openalex.org/I153718931","https://openalex.org/I4388482656"],"apc_list":{"value":1500,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1839},"apc_paid":{"value":1500,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1839},"fwci":1.5407,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80180082,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"9","first_page":"e073761","last_page":"e073761"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10041","display_name":"COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies","score":0.5551999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10041","display_name":"COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies","score":0.5551999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10277","display_name":"Vitamin D Research Studies","score":0.29829999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11368","display_name":"Long-Term Effects of COVID-19","score":0.031199999153614044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sars-cov-2","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-supplements","display_name":"dietary supplements","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitamin-c","display_name":"vitamin C","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitamin-d3","display_name":"vitamin D3","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitamin-k2","display_name":"vitamin K2","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zinc-acetate","display_name":"zinc acetate","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symptom-severity","display_name":"symptom severity","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symptom-duration","display_name":"symptom duration","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outpatients","display_name":"outpatients","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overall-health","display_name":"overall health","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospitalization","display_name":"hospitalization","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortality","display_name":"mortality","score":0.9399999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9599452018737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27081682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269829","display_name":"Placebo","level":3,"score":0.7234193682670593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776940978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34956","display_name":"Vitamin","level":2,"score":0.6381865739822388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.5896164178848267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124490489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7936963","display_name":"Vitamin D and neurology","level":2,"score":0.5142138004302979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202061045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7200267","display_name":"Placebo-controlled study","level":5,"score":0.4632711410522461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.44948822259902954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.43649983406066895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991744798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q608510","display_name":"Double blind","level":4,"score":0.14579305052757263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.10235631465911865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001205","descriptor_name":"Ascorbic Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002762","descriptor_name":"Cholecalciferol","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014815","descriptor_name":"Vitamins","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019345","descriptor_name":"Zinc Acetate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019587","descriptor_name":"Dietary Supplements","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D024482","descriptor_name":"Vitamin K 2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073761","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073761","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073761","pdf_url":"https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/13/9/e073761.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79054089","display_name":"BMJ Open","issn_l":"2044-6055","issn":["2044-6055"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ Open","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10533655","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10533655","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10533655/pdf/bmjopen-2023-073761.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ Open","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:37739466","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37739466","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ open","raw_type":"Randomized Controlled Trial"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:01e1bd97368f44759d4fb4020cb39f38","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/01e1bd97368f44759d4fb4020cb39f38","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMJ Open, Vol 13, Iss 9 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:open-archive.highwire.org:bmjopen:13/9/e073761","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://bmjopen.bmj.com/cgi/content/short/13/9/e073761","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923041","display_name":"HighWire Press Open Archive","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"TEXT"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073761","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073761","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073761","pdf_url":"https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/13/9/e073761.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79054089","display_name":"BMJ Open","issn_l":"2044-6055","issn":["2044-6055"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ Open","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Randomized Controlled Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/randomized-controlled-trial"},{"display_name":"Clinical Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386955840.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386955840.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1605547943","https://openalex.org/W1993065245","https://openalex.org/W2053935131","https://openalex.org/W2108345886","https://openalex.org/W2108696783","https://openalex.org/W2109530552","https://openalex.org/W2110347317","https://openalex.org/W2153836018","https://openalex.org/W2158509657","https://openalex.org/W2588906490","https://openalex.org/W2601577524","https://openalex.org/W2736379179","https://openalex.org/W2742836413","https://openalex.org/W2750891219","https://openalex.org/W2891392724","https://openalex.org/W2907128483","https://openalex.org/W3041319886","https://openalex.org/W3044231852","https://openalex.org/W3045281619","https://openalex.org/W3080160378","https://openalex.org/W3111255098","https://openalex.org/W3119139173","https://openalex.org/W3129183114","https://openalex.org/W3137906771","https://openalex.org/W3189868737","https://openalex.org/W3207705825","https://openalex.org/W3207803539","https://openalex.org/W4211261507","https://openalex.org/W4214864686","https://openalex.org/W4225271026","https://openalex.org/W4289786409","https://openalex.org/W4291984166","https://openalex.org/W6842003840"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4214864686","https://openalex.org/W4383904036","https://openalex.org/W4308483140","https://openalex.org/W4288458150","https://openalex.org/W3213026746","https://openalex.org/W3213427058","https://openalex.org/W3108406908","https://openalex.org/W4293483939","https://openalex.org/W3129668850","https://openalex.org/W4205473147"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],"COVID-19":[1],"has":[2],"caused":[3],"morbidity,":[4],"hospitalisation":[5,169],"and":[6,36,65,71,101,112,170,249],"mortality":[7],"worldwide.":[8],"Despite":[9],"effective":[10,18,43],"vaccines,":[11],"there":[12],"is":[13,292],"still":[14],"a":[15,53,209,267],"need":[16],"for":[17,21,109,115,190,271,288],"treatments,":[19],"especially":[20],"people":[22,45],"in":[23,44,75,196,221],"the":[24,144,237,260,283],"community.":[25],"Dietary":[26],"supplements":[27,239,287],"have":[28],"long":[29],"been":[30],"used":[31],"to":[32,50,84,164,187,205,276,281,294],"treat":[33],"respiratory":[34],"infections,":[35],"preliminary":[37],"evidence":[38],"indicates":[39],"some":[40],"may":[41],"be":[42],"with":[46,78,235,266],"COVID-19.":[47,79,289],"We":[48],"sought":[49],"evaluate":[51],"whether":[52],"combination":[54],"of":[55,122,168,211,232,263,285],"vitamin":[56,58,62,87,91,96,126,240,242,246],"C,":[57,241],"D":[59,92,127,243],"3":[60,93,128,244],",":[61,245],"K":[63,97,247],"2":[64,98,248],"zinc":[66,102,250],"could":[67],"improve":[68],"overall":[69,141,198],"health":[70,142,156,199,264],"decrease":[72],"symptom":[73,158,160],"burden":[74],"outpatients":[76,233],"diagnosed":[77,234],"Methods":[80],"Participants":[81],"were":[82,113,179,219],"randomised":[83,230],"receive":[85],"either":[86],"C":[88],"(6":[89],"g),":[90],"(1000":[94],"units),":[95],"(240":[99],"\u03bcg)":[100],"acetate":[103,251],"(75":[104],"mg)":[105],"or":[106,215,255],"placebo":[107,268],"daily":[108],"21":[110,151,272],"days":[111],"followed":[114],"12":[116],"weeks.":[117],"An":[118],"additional":[119],"loading":[120],"dose":[121],"50":[123],"000":[124],"units":[125],"(or":[129],"placebo)":[130],"was":[131,139,183,200],"given":[132,270],"on":[133,208,259],"day":[134],"one.":[135],"The":[136,181,192],"primary":[137],"outcome":[138],"participant-reported":[140],"using":[143],"EuroQol":[145],"Visual":[146],"Assessment":[147],"Scale":[148],"summed":[149],"over":[150],"days.":[152,273],"Secondary":[153],"outcomes":[154],"included":[155],"status,":[157],"severity,":[159],"duration,":[161],"delayed":[162],"return":[163],"usual":[165],"health,":[166],"frequency":[167],"mortality.":[171],"Results":[172],"90":[173],"patients":[174],"(46":[175],"control,":[176],"44":[177],"treatment)":[178],"randomised.":[180],"study":[182],"stopped":[184],"prematurely":[185],"due":[186,275],"insufficient":[188],"capacity":[189],"recruitment.":[191],"mean":[193],"difference":[194],"(control\u2013treatment)":[195],"cumulative":[197],"\u221237.4":[201],"(95%":[202],"CI":[203],"\u2212157.2":[204],"82.3),":[206],"p=0.53":[207],"scale":[210],"0\u20132100.":[212],"No":[213],"clinically":[214,254],"statistically":[216,256],"significant":[217,257],"differences":[218],"seen":[220],"any":[222],"secondary":[223],"outcomes.":[224],"Interpretation":[225],"In":[226],"this":[227],"double-blind,":[228],"placebo-controlled,":[229],"trial":[231],"COVID-19,":[236],"dietary":[238],"showed":[252],"no":[253],"effects":[258],"documented":[261],"measures":[262],"compared":[265],"when":[269],"Termination":[274],"feasibility":[277],"limited":[278],"our":[279],"ability":[280],"demonstrate":[282],"efficacy":[284],"these":[286],"Further":[290],"research":[291],"needed":[293],"determine":[295],"clinical":[296],"utility.":[297],"Trial":[298],"registration":[299],"number":[300],"NCT04780061":[301],".":[302]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2023-09-23T00:00:00"}