{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386906356","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(23)00256-0","title":"Violence risk assessment instruments in forensic psychiatric populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis","display_name":"Violence risk assessment instruments in forensic psychiatric populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386906356","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(23)00256-0","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37739584","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10914679"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(23)00256-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(23)00256-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(23)00256-0","pdf_url":"https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lanpsy/PIIS2215-0366(23)00256-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2531556786","display_name":"The Lancet Psychiatry","issn_l":"2215-0366","issn":["2215-0366","2215-0374"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Lancet Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lanpsy/PIIS2215-0366(23)00256-0.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021892304","display_name":"Maya G. T. Ogonah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9009-0622","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9009-0622"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803066836","display_name":"Warneford Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03we1zb10","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802171185","https://openalex.org/I2803066836"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maya G T Ogonah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK","Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford,","Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803066836","https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803066836","https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006581955","display_name":"Aida Seyedsalehi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3949-2386","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3949-2386"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803066836","display_name":"Warneford Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03we1zb10","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802171185","https://openalex.org/I2803066836"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aida Seyedsalehi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK","Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803066836","https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803066836","https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041836685","display_name":"Daniel Whiting","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5323-364X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5323-364X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803066836","display_name":"Warneford Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03we1zb10","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802171185","https://openalex.org/I2803066836"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101111","display_name":"Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/015dvxx67","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101111"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Whiting","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK","Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535","https://openalex.org/I4210101111"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803066836","https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032537089","display_name":"Seena Fazel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5383-5365","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5383-5365"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803066836","display_name":"Warneford Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03we1zb10","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802171185","https://openalex.org/I2803066836"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101111","display_name":"Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/015dvxx67","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101111"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Seena Fazel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK. Electronic address: seena.fazel@psych.ox.ac.uk","Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford,","Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK","Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK. Electronic address: seena.fazel@psych.ox.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803066836","https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803066836","https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535","https://openalex.org/I4210101111"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032537089"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535","https://openalex.org/I2803066836","https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4210101111"],"apc_list":{"value":6300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":6300},"apc_paid":{"value":6300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":6300},"fwci":3.5448,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":70,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95338983,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"10","first_page":"780","last_page":"789"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10565","display_name":"Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10565","display_name":"Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11678","display_name":"Healthcare Decision-Making and Restraints","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/violence-risk-assessment","display_name":"violence risk assessment","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-assessment-tools","display_name":"risk assessment tools","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/violent-recidivism","display_name":"violent recidivism","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offending","display_name":"offending","score":0.34200000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-prediction","display_name":"risk prediction","score":0.35899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hcr-20","display_name":"HCR-20","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/violence-risk-appraisal-guide","display_name":"Violence Risk Appraisal Guide","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-calibration","display_name":"risk calibration","score":0.39800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-discrimination","display_name":"risk discrimination","score":0.5070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/external-validation","display_name":"external validation","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-of-bias","display_name":"risk of bias","score":0.5550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forensic-psychiatric-services","display_name":"forensic mental health services","score":0.4320000112056732}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779549880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5542226","display_name":"PsycINFO","level":3,"score":0.7840144634246826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776090404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1420643","display_name":"Recidivism","level":2,"score":0.6371287107467651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.5862862467765808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.5778001546859741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.5671079754829407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.5285236835479736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.5234800577163696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4814700186252594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20685875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239678","display_name":"Predictive validity","level":2,"score":0.47511133551597595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.45939183235168457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39896193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380344","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","level":2,"score":0.45865604281425476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526869908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3298118","display_name":"Suicide prevention","level":3,"score":0.41289469599723816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.40229466557502747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3787090480327606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.37268513441085815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.15833494067192078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000359","descriptor_name":"Aftercare","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006778","descriptor_name":"Hospitals, Psychiatric","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010351","descriptor_name":"Patient Discharge","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014754","descriptor_name":"Violence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018570","descriptor_name":"Risk Assessment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(23)00256-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(23)00256-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(23)00256-0","pdf_url":"https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lanpsy/PIIS2215-0366(23)00256-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2531556786","display_name":"The Lancet Psychiatry","issn_l":"2215-0366","issn":["2215-0366","2215-0374"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Lancet Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10914679","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10914679","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10914679/pdf/main.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lancet Psychiatry","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:37739584","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37739584","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The lancet. Psychiatry","raw_type":"Meta-Analysis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:nottingham-repository.worktribe.com:25952887","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/25952887","pdf_url":"https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/preview/30644407/PIIS2215036623002560.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402483","display_name":"Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","host_organization_name":"University of Nottingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(23)00256-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(23)00256-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(23)00256-0","pdf_url":"https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lanpsy/PIIS2215-0366(23)00256-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2531556786","display_name":"The Lancet Psychiatry","issn_l":"2215-0366","issn":["2215-0366","2215-0374"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Lancet Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.98580002784729,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"score":0.8046000003814697,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.5199999809265137,"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Systematic Review","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review"},{"display_name":"Meta-Analysis","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/meta-analysis"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4067165512","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HQR01090","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","funder_display_name":"Wellcome Trust"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","display_name":"Wellcome Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/029chgv08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311980","display_name":"Linacre College, University of Oxford","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319990","display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0187kwz08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320290","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336183","display_name":"Clarendon Fund","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386906356.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386906356.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":92,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1546560690","https://openalex.org/W1967537437","https://openalex.org/W1967631753","https://openalex.org/W1969098513","https://openalex.org/W1972177310","https://openalex.org/W1974100636","https://openalex.org/W1992600648","https://openalex.org/W1998644084","https://openalex.org/W2002311978","https://openalex.org/W2006249287","https://openalex.org/W2010375548","https://openalex.org/W2011775646","https://openalex.org/W2013067976","https://openalex.org/W2018195004","https://openalex.org/W2022538962","https://openalex.org/W2025679242","https://openalex.org/W2034156823","https://openalex.org/W2034493017","https://openalex.org/W2036745449","https://openalex.org/W2036794699","https://openalex.org/W2037158007","https://openalex.org/W2049446996","https://openalex.org/W2053154970","https://openalex.org/W2061136801","https://openalex.org/W2073254010","https://openalex.org/W2073827049","https://openalex.org/W2073886459","https://openalex.org/W2076208303","https://openalex.org/W2076692601","https://openalex.org/W2083223265","https://openalex.org/W2098295161","https://openalex.org/W2100065353","https://openalex.org/W2100770636","https://openalex.org/W2105732081","https://openalex.org/W2111738166","https://openalex.org/W2112584618","https://openalex.org/W2113874347","https://openalex.org/W2119327473","https://openalex.org/W2122098534","https://openalex.org/W2124643122","https://openalex.org/W2124689685","https://openalex.org/W2138512729","https://openalex.org/W2139168999","https://openalex.org/W2141305567","https://openalex.org/W2150412137","https://openalex.org/W2150445502","https://openalex.org/W2154618584","https://openalex.org/W2160661086","https://openalex.org/W2165256726","https://openalex.org/W2165485313","https://openalex.org/W2165754263","https://openalex.org/W2215368254","https://openalex.org/W2223639544","https://openalex.org/W2227557875","https://openalex.org/W2325022230","https://openalex.org/W2556764436","https://openalex.org/W2559452713","https://openalex.org/W2565412995","https://openalex.org/W2565912905","https://openalex.org/W2570878489","https://openalex.org/W2613198133","https://openalex.org/W2725239062","https://openalex.org/W2743329690","https://openalex.org/W2752580122","https://openalex.org/W2765304293","https://openalex.org/W2778577746","https://openalex.org/W2779099841","https://openalex.org/W2790248149","https://openalex.org/W2883040876","https://openalex.org/W2898454129","https://openalex.org/W2907638671","https://openalex.org/W2910008768","https://openalex.org/W2942701101","https://openalex.org/W2975424845","https://openalex.org/W2996325360","https://openalex.org/W2999652799","https://openalex.org/W3004940055","https://openalex.org/W3036552707","https://openalex.org/W3041245688","https://openalex.org/W3045202876","https://openalex.org/W3046490299","https://openalex.org/W3093575676","https://openalex.org/W3099739491","https://openalex.org/W3120017766","https://openalex.org/W3144543375","https://openalex.org/W3159038266","https://openalex.org/W4210980831","https://openalex.org/W4294214983","https://openalex.org/W4306722800","https://openalex.org/W4311668966","https://openalex.org/W4312141008","https://openalex.org/W6772253307"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2790248149","https://openalex.org/W6894273015","https://openalex.org/W2150445502","https://openalex.org/W2181344914","https://openalex.org/W2019169477","https://openalex.org/W2059165232","https://openalex.org/W787507645","https://openalex.org/W2160661086","https://openalex.org/W2083223265","https://openalex.org/W4310482330"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],"Although":[1],"structured":[2],"tools":[3,40,93,248,371,394],"have":[4,376],"been":[5],"widely":[6],"used":[7,41,230],"to":[8,33,42,79,83,293,332,357],"predict":[9],"violence":[10,44,209,368],"risk":[11,45,91,246,284,369,392],"in":[12,46,94,372,402],"specialist":[13],"mental":[14,48,100,374,383],"health":[15,101,375,384],"settings,":[16],"there":[17],"is":[18],"uncertainty":[19],"about":[20],"the":[21,36,87,110,131,143,177,242,257,260,335,360],"extent":[22],"and":[23,60,66,73,104,114,210,274,348,395],"quality":[24,123],"of":[25,27,39,90,135,145,172,180,224,245,285,289,379,390],"evidence":[26,378,401],"their":[28,388],"predictive":[29,37,88,178,243,380],"performance.":[30,381],"We":[31,167],"aimed":[32],"systematically":[34],"review":[35,59,171,387],"performance":[38,89,144,179,244,268],"assess":[43],"forensic":[47,98,373],"health,":[49],"where":[50],"they":[51],"are":[52],"routinely":[53],"administered.":[54],"Methods":[55],"In":[56],"our":[57],"systematic":[58,170],"meta-analysis,":[61],"we":[62],"followed":[63],"PRISMA":[64],"guidelines":[65],"searched":[67],"four":[68],"databases":[69],"(PsycINFO,":[70],"Embase,":[71],"Medline,":[72],"Global":[74],"Health)":[75],"from":[76,97,109,119,203,309,324],"database":[77],"inception":[78],"Nov":[80],"1,":[81],"2022,":[82],"identify":[84],"studies":[85,229,252,280,311],"examining":[86],"assessment":[92,124,247,370,393],"people":[95],"discharged":[96],"(secure)":[99],"hospitals.":[102],"Systematic":[103],"narrative":[105],"reviews":[106],"were":[107,117,148,276],"excluded":[108],"review.":[111],"Performance":[112],"measures":[113,269],"descriptive":[115],"statistics":[116],"extracted":[118],"published":[120],"reports.":[121],"A":[122,297],"was":[125,140,161,198,212,249,299],"performed":[126],"for":[127,185,301,319,330,334,359],"each":[128],"study":[129,160],"using":[130],"Prediction":[132],"Model":[133],"Risk":[134,338,350],"Bias":[136],"Assessment":[137],"Tool.":[138],"Meta-analysis":[139],"conducted":[141,168,300],"on":[142,235,304],"instruments":[146],"that":[147],"independently":[149],"externally":[150],"validated":[151],"with":[152,163,312,399],"a":[153,169,282],"sample":[154],"size":[155],"greater":[156],"than":[157],"100.":[158],"The":[159],"registered":[162],"PROSPERO,":[164],"CRD42022304716.":[165],"Findings":[166],"50":[173,225],"eligible":[174],"publications,":[175],"assessing":[176],"36":[181],"tools,":[182],"providing":[183],"data":[184,234],"10":[186],"460":[187],"participants":[188],"(88%":[189],"men,":[190],"12%":[191],"women;":[192],"median":[193],"age":[194],"[from":[195],"47":[196],"studies]":[197],"35":[199],"years,":[200],"IQR":[201],"33\u201338)":[202],"12":[204],"different":[205],"countries.":[206],"Post-discharge":[207],"interpersonal":[208],"crime":[211],"most":[213],"often":[214],"measured":[215],"by":[216],"new":[217],"criminal":[218],"offences":[219],"or":[220,232,238],"recidivism":[221,303],"(47":[222],"[94%]":[223],"studies);":[226],"only":[227],"three":[228],"informant":[231],"self-report":[233],"physical":[236],"aggression":[237],"violent":[239,302,321],"behaviour.":[240],"Overall,":[241],"mixed.":[250],"Most":[251,279],"reported":[253],"one":[254],"discrimination":[255],"metric,":[256],"area":[258],"under":[259],"receiver":[261],"operating":[262],"characteristic":[263],"curve":[264],"(AUC);":[265],"other":[266],"key":[267],"such":[270],"as":[271],"calibration,":[272],"sensitivity,":[273],"specificity":[275],"not":[277],"presented.":[278],"had":[281],"high":[283],"bias":[286],"(49":[287],"[98%]":[288],"50),":[290],"partly":[291],"due":[292],"poor":[294],"analytical":[295],"approaches.":[296],"meta-analysis":[298],"29":[305],"independent":[306],"external":[307],"validations":[308],"19":[310],"at":[313],"least":[314],"100":[315],"patients.":[316],"Pooled":[317],"AUCs":[318],"predicting":[320],"outcomes":[322],"ranged":[323],"0\u00b772":[325],"(0\u00b765\u20130\u00b779;":[326],"I":[327,345,354,363],"2":[328,341,346,355,364],"=0%)":[329,347],"H10,":[331],"0\u00b769":[333],"Historical":[336],"Clinical":[337],"Management-20":[339],"version":[340],"(95%":[342],"CI":[343],"0\u00b765\u20130\u00b772;":[344],"Violence":[349],"Appraisal":[351],"Guide":[352],"(0\u00b763\u20130\u00b775;":[353],"=0%),":[356],"0\u00b764":[358],"Static-99":[361],"(0\u00b753\u20130\u00b773;":[362],"=45%).":[365],"Interpretation":[366],"Current":[367],"mixed":[377],"Forensic":[382],"services":[385],"should":[386],"use":[389],"current":[391],"consider":[396],"implementing":[397],"those":[398],"higher-quality":[400],"support.":[403],"Funding":[404],"Wellcome":[405],"Trust.":[406]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2023-09-21T00:00:00"}
