{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386895269","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11092343","title":"Effect of Growth Stages and Lactic Acid Fermentation on Anti-Nutrients and Nutritional Attributes of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea)","display_name":"Effect of Growth Stages and Lactic Acid Fermentation on Anti-Nutrients and Nutritional Attributes of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea)","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386895269","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11092343","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37764187","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10535161"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/microorganisms11092343","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11092343","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11092343","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/9/2343/pdf?version=1695107296","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210222090","display_name":"Microorganisms","issn_l":"2076-2607","issn":["2076-2607"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Microorganisms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/9/2343/pdf?version=1695107296","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054380689","display_name":"Adila Naseem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3145-098X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3145-098X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127670440","display_name":"Bahauddin Zakariya University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x817c41","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adila Naseem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009595516","display_name":"Saeed Akhtar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5605-6466","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5605-6466"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127670440","display_name":"Bahauddin Zakariya University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x817c41","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saeed Akhtar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000950601","display_name":"Tariq Ismail","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2358-8479","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2358-8479","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7806-1212"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127670440","display_name":"Bahauddin Zakariya University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x817c41","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tariq Ismail","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025318327","display_name":"Muhammad Qamar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6207-553X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6207-553X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127670440","display_name":"Bahauddin Zakariya University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x817c41","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Qamar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6207-553X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033729345","display_name":"Dur\u2010e\u2010shahwar Sattar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8387-5336","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8387-5336"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127670440","display_name":"Bahauddin Zakariya University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x817c41","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dur-e-shahwar Sattar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076762329","display_name":"Wisha Saeed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127670440","display_name":"Bahauddin Zakariya University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x817c41","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wisha Saeed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003528535","display_name":"Tuba Esatbeyoglu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2413-6925","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2413-6925"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114112103","display_name":"Leibniz University Hannover","ror":"https://ror.org/0304hq317","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tuba Esatbeyoglu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Food Development and Food Quality, Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Am Kleinen Felde 30, 30167 Hannover, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2413-6925","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Food Development and Food Quality, Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Am Kleinen Felde 30, 30167 Hannover, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080776200","display_name":"Elena Bartkien\u0117","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3706-1280","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3706-1280"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131736796","display_name":"Lithuanian University of Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0069bkg23","country_code":"LT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131736796"]}],"countries":["LT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elena Bartkiene","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Food Safety and Quality, Faculty of Veterinary, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania","Faculty of Animal Sciences, Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3706-1280","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Food Safety and Quality, Faculty of Veterinary, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131736796"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Animal Sciences, Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131736796"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011673923","display_name":"Jo\u00e3o Miguel Rocha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0936-2003","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0936-2003"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/043pwc612","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25169866","display_name":"Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa","ror":"https://ror.org/03b9snr86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25169866"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405254499","display_name":"Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina","ror":"https://ror.org/01w6gdg13","country_code":"PT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25169866","https://openalex.org/I4405254499"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jo\u00e3o Miguel Rocha","raw_affiliation_strings":["ALiCE\u2014Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal","LEPABE\u2014Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal","Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, CBQF\u2014Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0936-2003","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ALiCE\u2014Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LEPABE\u2014Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, CBQF\u2014Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25169866","https://openalex.org/I4405254499"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000950601","https://openalex.org/A5003528535"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114112103","https://openalex.org/I127670440"],"apc_list":{"value":2200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2447},"apc_paid":{"value":2200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2447},"fwci":3.4149,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92267826,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"9","first_page":"2343","last_page":"2343"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14127","display_name":"Food Nutrient Composition and Product Development","score":0.8647000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14127","display_name":"Food Nutrient Composition and Product Development","score":0.8647000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12403","display_name":"Seed and Plant Biochemistry","score":0.0982000008225441,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13479","display_name":"Food Science and Nutritional Studies","score":0.019500000402331352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spinach","display_name":"spinach","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lactic-acid-fermentation","display_name":"lactic acid fermentation","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antinutritional-factors","display_name":"antinutritional factors","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/growth-stages","display_name":"growth stages","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lactiplantibacillus-plantarum","display_name":"Lactobacillus plantarum","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxalate","display_name":"oxalate","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phytic-acid","display_name":"phytic acid","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glucosinolates","display_name":"glucosinolates","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alkaloids","display_name":"alkaloids","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-content","display_name":"protein content","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-fiber","display_name":"dietary fiber","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antioxidant-activity","display_name":"antioxidant activity","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spinach-powder","display_name":"spinach powder","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-foods","display_name":"functional foods","score":0.382999986410141}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780054949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1421117","display_name":"Spinach","level":2,"score":0.9450746774673462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780851533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148968","display_name":"Spinacia","level":4,"score":0.8235543966293335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.707427978515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100544194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41760","display_name":"Fermentation","level":2,"score":0.6580986976623535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986274086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199678","display_name":"Ascorbic acid","level":2,"score":0.578126072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142796444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181394","display_name":"Nutrient","level":2,"score":0.5740459561347961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781401929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5205953","display_name":"DPPH","level":3,"score":0.5219101905822754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.49294447898864746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778004101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133948","display_name":"Antioxidant","level":2,"score":0.452792763710022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.38637131452560425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3743704557418823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.1911916732788086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69305403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47263","display_name":"Chloroplast","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":9,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/microorganisms11092343","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11092343","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11092343","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/9/2343/pdf?version=1695107296","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210222090","display_name":"Microorganisms","issn_l":"2076-2607","issn":["2076-2607"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Microorganisms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10535161","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10535161/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10535161/pdf/microorganisms-11-02343.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Microorganisms","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:37764187","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37764187","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Microorganisms","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repo.uni-hannover.de:123456789/16235","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repo.uni-hannover.de/handle/123456789/16235","pdf_url":"https://repo.uni-hannover.de/bitstreams/750a23c7-e31b-4fba-8179-ffa8c1f6bc60/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401575","display_name":"Institutional Repository of Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hannover (Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hannover)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114112103","host_organization_name":"Leibniz University Hannover","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Microorganisms","raw_type":"doc-type:Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorio.ucp.pt:10400.14/42854","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/42854","pdf_url":"https://repositorio.ucp.pt/bitstream/10400.14/42854/1/76023126.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402433","display_name":"Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.repo.uni-hannover.de:123456789/16235","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.repo.uni-hannover.de/handle/123456789/16235","pdf_url":"https://www.repo.uni-hannover.de/bitstream/123456789/16235/1/Effect_of_Growth_Stages.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401575","display_name":"Institutional Repository of Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hannover (Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hannover)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114112103","host_organization_name":"Leibniz University Hannover","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Microorganisms 11 (2023), Nr. 9","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lsmu.lt:20.500.12512/238687","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10535161","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055191","display_name":"Lithuanian University of Health Sciences","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"research article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f5baad5cf6874942be58f817118c6f4d","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f5baad5cf6874942be58f817118c6f4d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Microorganisms, Vol 11, Iss 9, p 2343 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.15488/16108","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15488/16108","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15488/16108","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052956","display_name":"Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hannover","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/microorganisms11092343","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11092343","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11092343","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/9/2343/pdf?version=1695107296","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210222090","display_name":"Microorganisms","issn_l":"2076-2607","issn":["2076-2607"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Microorganisms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2027966439","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UIDP/00511/2020 (LEPABE","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2680426100","display_name":"ALICE - Laborat\u00f3rio Associado em Engenharia Qu\u00edmica","funder_award_id":"LA/P/0045/2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3537227798","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LA/P/0045","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4737455006","display_name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Engenharia de Processos, Ambiente, Biotecnologia e Energia","funder_award_id":"UIDB/00511/2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5088119131","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UIDB/0 0511/2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323642","funder_display_name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5538107981","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UIDP/00511/2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323642","funder_display_name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5606619412","display_name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Engenharia de Processos, Ambiente, Biotecnologia e Energia","funder_award_id":"UIDP/00511/2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6701175450","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LA/P/0045/2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323642","funder_display_name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G87016084","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UIDB/00511/2020 - UIDP/00511/2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320366","display_name":"European Cooperation in Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01bstzn19"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323642","display_name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior","ror":"https://ror.org/045b9pr88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00snfqn58"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386895269.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386895269.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1878670913","https://openalex.org/W1969866067","https://openalex.org/W1978579045","https://openalex.org/W1991824612","https://openalex.org/W1994182560","https://openalex.org/W1997163944","https://openalex.org/W2001547347","https://openalex.org/W2013183654","https://openalex.org/W2045729952","https://openalex.org/W2060815493","https://openalex.org/W2061798317","https://openalex.org/W2061817374","https://openalex.org/W2066592595","https://openalex.org/W2071414753","https://openalex.org/W2099670560","https://openalex.org/W2183520774","https://openalex.org/W2183726398","https://openalex.org/W2288368542","https://openalex.org/W2318798995","https://openalex.org/W2378545799","https://openalex.org/W2554569569","https://openalex.org/W2580056941","https://openalex.org/W2584127354","https://openalex.org/W2587868976","https://openalex.org/W2589744556","https://openalex.org/W2754883261","https://openalex.org/W2757304468","https://openalex.org/W2774756665","https://openalex.org/W2794296434","https://openalex.org/W2909727948","https://openalex.org/W2928474788","https://openalex.org/W2953578977","https://openalex.org/W2986263100","https://openalex.org/W2997079780","https://openalex.org/W2997543324","https://openalex.org/W3005444010","https://openalex.org/W3027888776","https://openalex.org/W3028634889","https://openalex.org/W3029612785","https://openalex.org/W3088262499","https://openalex.org/W3126029576","https://openalex.org/W3176632432","https://openalex.org/W4200198960","https://openalex.org/W4210263938","https://openalex.org/W4210731963","https://openalex.org/W4220782149","https://openalex.org/W4225140380","https://openalex.org/W4285012392","https://openalex.org/W4285302537","https://openalex.org/W4292635980","https://openalex.org/W4293413299","https://openalex.org/W4297150182","https://openalex.org/W4318482343","https://openalex.org/W4365455712","https://openalex.org/W4366414608","https://openalex.org/W4378078231","https://openalex.org/W4380369611","https://openalex.org/W4381683010"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4399661486","https://openalex.org/W4399527766","https://openalex.org/W7162209503","https://openalex.org/W6906072686","https://openalex.org/W4410053858","https://openalex.org/W7119359853","https://openalex.org/W4380985525","https://openalex.org/W2922039575","https://openalex.org/W4386704660","https://openalex.org/W4385345036"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spinach":[0,21],"(Spinacia":[1],"oleracea)":[2],"is":[3,22],"a":[4,23,46,199,236,254],"winter-season":[5],"green,":[6],"leafy":[7],"vegetable":[8],"grown":[9],"all":[10,162],"over":[11],"the":[12,16,72,78,95,102,107,111,120,130,157,215,241],"world,":[13],"belonging":[14],"to":[15,140,144,155,172,180,186,193,257],"family":[17],"Amaranthus,":[18],"sub-family":[19],"Chenopodiaceae.":[20],"low-caloric":[24],"food":[25],"and":[26,40,57,83,89,110,132,142,147,190,214,225,246],"an":[27],"enormous":[28],"source":[29],"of":[30,48,74,81,87,126,135,201,218,244],"micronutrients,":[31],"e.g.,":[32,51],"calcium,":[33],"folates,":[34],"zinc,":[35],"retinol,":[36],"iron,":[37],"ascorbic":[38],"acid":[39],"magnesium.":[41],"Contrarily,":[42],"it":[43],"also":[44],"contains":[45],"variety":[47],"anti-nutritional":[49],"factors,":[50],"alkaloids,":[52],"phytates,":[53],"saponins,":[54],"oxalates,":[55],"tannins":[56],"many":[58],"other":[59],"natural":[60],"toxicants":[61,90],"which":[62],"may":[63],"hinder":[64],"nutrient-absorption.":[65],"This":[66,231],"study":[67,232],"was":[68,159,196],"aimed":[69],"at":[70,91,106,115],"investigating":[71],"effect":[73,125,158],"fermentation":[75,127,202,234],"on":[76,128,148,210],"improving":[77,240],"nutrient-delivering":[79,242],"potential":[80,217,243],"spinach":[82,136,252],"mitigating":[84],"its":[85],"burden":[86],"antinutrients":[88],"three":[92,163],"growth":[93,97,104,113,164],"stages:":[94],"1st":[96],"stage":[98,105,114],"as":[99,198,220,235,253],"baby":[100],"leaves,":[101],"2nd":[103],"coarse":[108],"stage,":[109],"3rd":[112],"maturation.":[116],"The":[117],"results":[118],"revealed":[119],"significant":[121,167],"(p":[122],"<":[123],"0.05)":[124],"increasing":[129],"protein":[131],"fiber":[133],"content":[134,152,213],"powder":[137],"from":[138,153,251],"2.53":[139],"3.53%":[141],"19.33":[143],"22.03%,":[145],"respectively,":[146],"reducing":[149],"total":[150,211],"carbohydrate":[151],"52.92":[154],"40.52%;":[156],"consistent":[160],"in":[161,169],"stages.":[165],"A":[166],"decline":[168],"alkaloids":[170],"(6.45":[171],"2.20":[173],"mg/100":[174,178,182,188],"g),":[175,183],"oxalates":[176],"(0.07":[177],"g":[179],"0.02":[181],"phytates":[184],"(1.97":[185],"0.43":[187],"g)":[189],"glucosinolates":[191],"(201":[192],"10.50":[194],"\u00b5mol/g)":[195],"observed":[197],"result":[200],"using":[203,222],"Lactiplantibacillus":[204],"plantarum.":[205],"Fermentation":[206],"had":[207],"no":[208],"impact":[209],"phenolic":[212],"antioxidant":[216,227],"spinach,":[219,245],"evaluated":[221],"2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl":[223],"(DPPH)":[224],"ferric-reducing":[226],"power":[228],"(FRAP)":[229],"assays.":[230],"proposes":[233],"safer":[237],"bioprocess":[238],"for":[239],"suggests":[247],"processed":[248],"powders":[249],"made":[250],"cost-effective":[255],"complement":[256],"existing":[258],"plant":[259],"proteins.":[260]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2023-09-21T00:00:00"}