{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386833657","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2023.13.9.1945","title":"Diagnosing Learning Disorders in Children: A Comparison of Certainty Factor and Dempster-Shafer Methods","display_name":"Diagnosing Learning Disorders in Children: A Comparison of Certainty Factor and Dempster-Shafer Methods","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386833657","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2023.13.9.1945"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18178/ijiet.2023.13.9.1945","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2023.13.9.1945","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2023.13.9.1945","pdf_url":"http://www.ijiet.org/vol13/IJIET-V13N9-1945.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764421862","display_name":"International Journal of Information and Education Technology","issn_l":"2010-3689","issn":["2010-3689"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4362724860","host_organization_name":"International Journal of Information and Education Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4362724860"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Journal of Information and Education Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Information and Education Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://www.ijiet.org/vol13/IJIET-V13N9-1945.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051968114","display_name":"Anthony Anggrawan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405266341","display_name":"Universitas Bumigora","ror":"https://ror.org/027r5pw20","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405266341"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony Anggrawan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technology Education Department, Bumigora University, Indonesia","Business Economy Department, Bumigora University, Indonesia","Hairani Hairani is with Computer Science Department, Bumigora University, Indonesia","Visual Communication Design Department, Bumigora University, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technology Education Department, Bumigora University, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266341"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business Economy Department, Bumigora University, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266341"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hairani Hairani is with Computer Science Department, Bumigora University, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266341"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visual Communication Design Department, Bumigora University, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266341"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006924563","display_name":"Hairani Hairani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6756-5896","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6756-5896"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405266341","display_name":"Universitas Bumigora","ror":"https://ror.org/027r5pw20","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405266341"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hairani Hairani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technology Education Department, Bumigora University, Indonesia","Business Economy Department, Bumigora University, Indonesia","Hairani Hairani is with Computer Science Department, Bumigora University, Indonesia","Visual Communication Design Department, Bumigora University, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technology Education Department, Bumigora University, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266341"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business Economy Department, Bumigora University, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266341"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hairani Hairani is with Computer Science Department, Bumigora University, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266341"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visual Communication Design Department, Bumigora University, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266341"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087808542","display_name":"Christofer Satria","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4384-3599","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4384-3599"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405266341","display_name":"Universitas Bumigora","ror":"https://ror.org/027r5pw20","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405266341"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christofer Satria","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technology Education Department, Bumigora University, Indonesia","Business Economy Department, Bumigora University, Indonesia","Hairani Hairani is with Computer Science Department, Bumigora University, Indonesia","Visual Communication Design Department, Bumigora University, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technology Education Department, Bumigora University, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266341"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business Economy Department, Bumigora University, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266341"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hairani Hairani is with Computer Science Department, Bumigora University, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266341"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visual Communication Design Department, Bumigora University, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266341"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092895762","display_name":"Aprillia Dwi Dayani","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405266341","display_name":"Universitas Bumigora","ror":"https://ror.org/027r5pw20","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405266341"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aprillia Dwi Dayani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Business Economy Department, Bumigora University, Indonesia","Hairani Hairani is with Computer Science Department, Bumigora University, Indonesia","Information Technology Education Department, Bumigora University, Indonesia","Visual Communication Design Department, Bumigora University, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business Economy Department, Bumigora University, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266341"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hairani Hairani is with Computer Science Department, Bumigora University, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266341"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technology Education Department, Bumigora University, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266341"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visual Communication Design Department, Bumigora University, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266341"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266341"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7713,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70317434,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"9","first_page":"1422","last_page":"1429"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13559","display_name":"Edcuational Technology Systems","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13559","display_name":"Edcuational Technology Systems","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11734","display_name":"Decision Support System Applications","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-diagnosis","display_name":"early diagnosis","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expert-systems","display_name":"expert systems","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/certainty-factor","display_name":"certainty factor","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dempster-shafer-evidence-theory","display_name":"Dempster-Shafer theory","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dyslexia","display_name":"dyslexia","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dysgraphia","display_name":"dysgraphia","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dyscalculia","display_name":"dyscalculia","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developmental-coordination-disorder","display_name":"developmental coordination disorder","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnostic-accuracy-comparison","display_name":"diagnostic accuracy comparison","score":0.6919999718666077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7493553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1520777","display_name":"Certainty","level":2,"score":0.7441023588180542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781240919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q742672","display_name":"Dyscalculia","level":4,"score":0.592682957649231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15107229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860740","display_name":"Learning disability","level":2,"score":0.5758370161056519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5674114227294922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C506058694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132971","display_name":"Dyslexia","level":3,"score":0.4718829393386841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778738651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16546687","display_name":"Novelty","level":2,"score":0.44510433077812195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.4394247829914093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38184088468551636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.34354519844055176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3222084939479828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.24000680446624756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.19400590658187866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.13591191172599792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18178/ijiet.2023.13.9.1945","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2023.13.9.1945","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2023.13.9.1945","pdf_url":"http://www.ijiet.org/vol13/IJIET-V13N9-1945.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764421862","display_name":"International Journal of Information and Education Technology","issn_l":"2010-3689","issn":["2010-3689"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4362724860","host_organization_name":"International Journal of Information and Education Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4362724860"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Journal of Information and Education Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Information and Education Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18178/ijiet.2023.13.9.1945","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2023.13.9.1945","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2023.13.9.1945","pdf_url":"http://www.ijiet.org/vol13/IJIET-V13N9-1945.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764421862","display_name":"International Journal of Information and Education Technology","issn_l":"2010-3689","issn":["2010-3689"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4362724860","host_organization_name":"International Journal of Information and Education Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4362724860"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Journal of Information and Education Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Information and Education Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.8278999924659729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386833657.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386833657.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W39447422","https://openalex.org/W1543430855","https://openalex.org/W1973393367","https://openalex.org/W2041286561","https://openalex.org/W2054092231","https://openalex.org/W2066737738","https://openalex.org/W2135080481","https://openalex.org/W2152553360","https://openalex.org/W2568994035","https://openalex.org/W2754433981","https://openalex.org/W2783062281","https://openalex.org/W2801828108","https://openalex.org/W2801931023","https://openalex.org/W2808952024","https://openalex.org/W2810441858","https://openalex.org/W2870704319","https://openalex.org/W2884260839","https://openalex.org/W2886070188","https://openalex.org/W2898506968","https://openalex.org/W2900361569","https://openalex.org/W2944062518","https://openalex.org/W2966397590","https://openalex.org/W2979900399","https://openalex.org/W3005682047","https://openalex.org/W3008534988","https://openalex.org/W3017713496","https://openalex.org/W3024403430","https://openalex.org/W3026407839","https://openalex.org/W3042024008","https://openalex.org/W3093260185","https://openalex.org/W3093681087","https://openalex.org/W3113141479","https://openalex.org/W3133784481","https://openalex.org/W3133838253","https://openalex.org/W3161429059","https://openalex.org/W3185819678","https://openalex.org/W3202222216","https://openalex.org/W3203725372","https://openalex.org/W4214482964","https://openalex.org/W4214941932","https://openalex.org/W4231068131","https://openalex.org/W4253774030","https://openalex.org/W4255865952","https://openalex.org/W4283376480","https://openalex.org/W4294383504","https://openalex.org/W4321121297"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387233839","https://openalex.org/W2588144878","https://openalex.org/W3045223468","https://openalex.org/W4393932063","https://openalex.org/W4319660200","https://openalex.org/W4214817712","https://openalex.org/W3027652001","https://openalex.org/W2759064661","https://openalex.org/W7124769248","https://openalex.org/W7100957776"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Even":[0],"though":[1],"educational":[2],"technology":[3],"is":[4,54,57,109,137,145,152],"very":[5],"advanced,":[6],"some":[7],"children":[8,15,27,93,118,165],"experience":[9],"learning":[10,24,69,90,130,162],"disorders.":[11,120],"Learning":[12],"disorders":[13,25,50,70,91,131,163],"in":[14,26,30,51,71,92,116,164],"include":[16],"Dyslexia,":[17],"Dysgraphia,":[18],"Dyscalculia,":[19],"and":[20,40,47,98,139,170],"Dyspraxia.":[21],"Ignorance":[22],"about":[23],"will":[28],"result":[29],"the":[31,66,86,95,105,113,124,133,141,159,167],"child":[32],"not":[33],"getting":[34],"help":[35],"to":[36,59,64,80,153],"reach":[37],"his":[38],"potential":[39],"have":[41,174],"an":[42,61,82],"impact":[43],"on":[44],"problematic":[45],"behavior":[46],"destructive":[48],"mental":[49],"children.":[52,72],"That":[53],"why":[55],"it":[56,144],"necessary":[58],"make":[60],"early":[62,87],"diagnosis":[63,88],"determine":[65],"presence":[67],"of":[68,89,123,149,161],"Therefore,":[73],"for":[74,85,157],"this":[75,77,150],"reason,":[76],"study":[78],"aims":[79],"develop":[81],"expert":[83],"system":[84,156],"using":[94,132,166],"Certainty":[96,106,134,168],"Factor":[97,107,135,169],"Dempster-Shafer":[99,114,142,171],"methods.":[100],"The":[101,121,147],"results":[102,126],"show":[103],"that":[104],"method":[108,115,136],"more":[110],"accurate":[111],"than":[112],"diagnosing":[117,128,158],"with":[119],"accuracy":[122],"test":[125],"by":[127,140,178],"children\u2019s":[129],"90%,":[138],"method,":[143],"87%.":[146],"novelty":[148],"research":[151],"build":[154],"a":[155],"types":[160],"methods":[172],"which":[173],"never":[175],"been":[176],"done":[177],"previous":[179],"researchers.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2023-09-19T00:00:00"}
